FUTBOLCULARIN ULUSAL TAKIMLARDA OYNAMA SAYILARINA GÖRE LİDERLİK GÜCÜ ALGILARI

Yıl 2008, , 81 - 86, 01.06.2008

Erkut Konter

https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000095

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı; futbolcuların ulusal takımlarda (genç, ümit ve A ulusal takımları) oynama sayılarına (hiç oynamama, 15 arası oynama ve 6-58 arası oynama) göre liderlik gücü algılarını (Zorlayıcılık Gücü-ZG, Özdeşleşim Gücü-ÖZG, Yasal Güç-YG ve Uzmanlık Gücü-UG) araştırmaktır. Bu araştırmada; Futbolda Liderlik Gücü Ölçeği-Diğer (FLGÖ-D: Futbolcu Formu) ve futbolcuların ulusal takımlarda oynama sayılarıyla ilgili soruları da içeren bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. FLGÖ-D ile erkek futbolculardan (n=870) toplanan verilerin Tek Yönlü Anova analizleri; futbolcuların ulusal takımlarda oynama sayıları ile hiçbir liderlik gücü algısında anlamlı bir farklılık ortaya koymamıştır (p>0.05). Ancak, futbolcuların ulusal takımlarda oynama sayıları ile ÖZG algısı arasında anlamlı farklılığa çok yakın olan bir değer bulunmuştur [F(867) = 2.83, p<0.06]. Tukey Testi, 1-5 arasında ulusal takımda oynayan futbolcuların (X=21.34), 6-58 arasında oynayan futbolculara göre (X=19.41) antrenörlerinin ÖZG’nü daha yüksek algıladıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Genel olarak ÖZG ortalamalarına bakıldığında, ulusal takımlarda hiç oynamamadan (X=18.17) az sayıda oynamaya doğru (1-5 arası) ÖZG algısı artmakta (X=21.34), ulusal takımlarda daha çok sayıda oynamaya doğru ilerlendiğinde ise ÖZG algısı biraz aşağıya düşmektedir (X=19.41). Daha kesin sonuçlar çıkarabilmek için, daha ayrıntılı ulusal takımlarda oynama sıklıkları ve çeşitli ulusal takımlarda oynama düzeyleri de dikkate alınarak yapılacak araştırmalara gereksinim vardır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liderlik Gücü Algısı, Futbolcu, Futbol, Oynama Sayısı, Ulusal Takımlar

LEADERSHIP POWER PERCEPTION OF SOCCER PLAYERS ACCORDING TO FREQUENCY OF PLAYING FOR THE NATIONAL TEAMS

Öz

for the national teams Adapted Turkish version of Power in Soccer Questionnaire-Other (PSQ-O for soccer players) and a questionnaire related to demographic variables were used in this study. Data were collected from male soccer players (n=870). One-Way Anova Analysis of PSQ-O revealed no significant differences between the soccer players’ playing frequency for the national teams and their any leadership power perception (Coercive Power, Referent Power, Legitimate Power and Expert Power, p>.05). However, analysis of data indicated a very close result to the meaningful difference related to Referent Power [F(867) = 2.83, p<.06]. Tukey Test showed that; soccer players making national teams between 1-5 (X=21.34) have higher perception of Referent Power than soccer players making national teams 6-58 (X=19.41). Over all, national ones have higher mean scores of Referent Power perception than none national ones. Although score of referent power of soccer players increases from none national to be national, than decrease again by the more frequency of being national (curvilinear). Further research is needed with different frequencies and level of playing in order to deeper understanding the results

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leadership Power Perception, Soccer Players, Soccer, Frequency of playing, National Teams.

Kaynakça

• Wann, D. L., Metcalf, L. A., Brewer, K. R. Whiteside, H. D., “ Development of the Power in Sport Questionnaires”, Journal of Sport Behavior, 23, 423-443, 2000.
• French, J. Raven, B. H., “The bases of social power”. In. D. Cartwright, (Ed.). Studies in social power (pp.150-167).Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, 1959.
• Chelladurai, P., “Discrepancy between preference and perception of leadership behavior and satisfaction of athletes in varying sports”, Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 27-41, 1984.
• Kelman, C., “Compliance, identification, and internalization: Three process of attitude change”, Journal of Conflict Revolution, 2, H. 51-60, 1958.
• Yukl, G. Falbe, C. M., “Importance of different power sources in downward and lateral relations”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 416-423, 1991.
• Horne, T. Carron, A. V., “Compatibility in coach-athlete relationships”, Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 137-149, 1985.
• Riemer, H. A. ve Chelladurai, P., “Leadership and satisfaction in athletics”, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 276- 293, 1995.
• Summers, R. J. Russel, J., “Association between athletes’ perception of their abilities on the influence of coach technical- instruction”, Journal of Sport Behavior, 14(1), 30-40, 1991.
• Laughlin, N. Laughlin, S., “The relationship between the similarity in perceptions of teacher/coach leader behavior and evolution of their effectiveness”, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 22, 396-410, 1994.
• Maby, R. K., “The relationship between perceived coaching behaviors and group cohesion in professional football”, Nova Southeasthern University, Dissertation Abstracts International Section B, The Sciences and Engineering, 57(9-B), 5902, 1997.
• Konter, E., “Profesyonel futbolcuların yaş gruplarına göre psikolojik becerilerinin araştırılması”, Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, X, I, 17-24, 2005.
• Garland, D. J. Barry, J. R., “The effects of personality and perceived leader behavior on performance in collegiate football”, Psychological Record, 38, 237-247, 1988.
• Gordon, S., “Decision styles and coaching effectiveness in university soccer”, Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 13(1), 36-55, 1998.
• Prapavessis, H. Gordon, S., Coach/player relationships in tennis, Canadian, 1991.
• Leith, L. M., The Psychology of Coaching Team Sports, A Self-Help Guide, Toronto. Sport Books Publisher, 2003.
• Chelladurai, P., Carron, A. V., Leadership, Ottawa: Sociology of Sport Monograph Series. Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1978/
• Erle, F. J., “Leadership in competitive and recreational sport”, Unpublished mater’s thesis. University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 1981.
• Chelladurai, P., Carron, A. V., “Task characteristics and individual differences, and their relationship to preferred leadership in sports”, In. G. C. Roberts and D. M. Landers (Eds.). Psychology of Motor Behavior and Sport. Champaign.IL : Human Kinetics, p.87, 1981.
• Terry, P. C., “The coaching preferences of elite athletes competing at Universiade’83”, Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 9, 201-208, 1984.
• Reimer, H. A. Toon, K., Leadership and satisfaction in tennis: Examination of congruencies, gender and ability. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72, 243-256, 2001.
• Chelladurai, P. Carron, A. V., “Athletic maturity and preferred leadership”, Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 371-380, 1983.
• Robinson, T. T. Carron, A. V., “Personal and situational factors associated with dropping out versus maintaining participation in competitive sport”, Journal of Sport Psychology, 4, 364-378, 1982.
• Serpa, S. Pataco, V. Santos, F., “Leadership patterns in handball international competition”, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 22, 78-89, 1991.
• Konter, E., “Towards adaptation of self and other versions of the power in soccer questionnaire for Turkey”, 4th. International Scientific Conference of Soccer and Tennis. 15th May, National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria, 2007.
• Konter, E. Doğanay. A., “Futbolda amatör ve profesyonel olmaya göre bazı psikolojik becerilerin analizi.”, Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 37, 2, 2, 2002.
• Konter, E., “Profesyonel Futbolcuların Bazı Değişkenlerre Göre Psikolojik Becerilerinin Araştırılması”, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi Adana, 2002.
• Reynolds, C. R. Livingston, R. B., Wilson, V., Measurement and Assessment in Education, Boston: Pearson Education Inc, 2006.
• Garland, D. J. Barry, J. R., “Personality and leader behaviors in collegiate football: A multidimensional approach to performance”, Journal of Research in Personality, 24(3), 355-370, 1990.
• Goldberg, A. S., Sports Slump Busting, Human Kinetics, IIIinois, 1998.
• Kreiner-Phillips. K., Orlick. T., “Winning after winning: The psychology of ongoing excellence”, The Sport Psychologist,7, 31-48, 1993.
• McCaffrey. N., Orlick, T., “Mental factors related to excellence among top professional golfers”, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 20, 256-278, 1989.
• Nideffer, N. Segal, M. Lowry, M. Bond, J., “Identifying and developing world-class performers”, In. The Practice of Sport Psychology. Tenenbaum, G. (Ed.). Fitness Information Technology Inc., West Virginia, 129-144, 2001.
• Orlick, T. Partington, J., “The sport psychology analysis of critical components as viewed by Canadian olympic athletes”, The Sport Psychologist, 1, 4-17, 1987.
• Orlick, T., In Persuit of Excellence. Leisure Press, Champaign, IIIinois, 1990.
• Orlick. T., McCaffery. N., “Mental training with children for sport and life”, The Sport Psychologist, 5, 322-334, 1991.
• Partington, J. Orlick, T., “The sport psychology consultant olympic coaches’ views”, The Sport Psychologist, 1, 95-102, 1987.
• Williams, J. M., Psychological Characteristics of Peak Performance. In. Applied Sport Psychology, Personal Growth to Peak Performance, Williams. J. M. (Ed.). Mayfield Publishing Company, California, 123-132, 1986.
• Vallerand, R. J. Ratelle, C. F., “Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A hierarchical model”, In. E.L. Deci, R. M. Ryan (Eds.). Handbook of Self-Determination Research (pp. 37-63). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Pres, 2002.