YÜKSEK ŞİDDETLİ İNTERVAL ANTRENMAN PROGRAMININ FİZYOLOJİK PARAMETRELER VE SOLUNUM KAS KUVVETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Öz

Yüksek şiddetli interval antrenman (YŞİA) ve geleneksel antrenman yöntemleri ile ilgili sedanterler ve sporcularda birçok çalışma yapılmasına rağmen elit atletlerde solunum kas kuvvetine etkisi ile ilgili olarak yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmanın amacı YŞİA metodunun ve geleneksel atletizm antrenman programının solunum kaslarına ve bazı fizyolojik parametrelere etkisini inceleyerek aralarındaki farkı araştırmaktır. Araştırmaya 18-22 yaş aralığında 16 elit atlet gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporcular, çift kör deney dizaynı kullanılarak deney (n:8, YŞİA) ve kontrol (n:8, geleneksel) olmak üzere rastgele iki gruba ayrılmıştır.  Deneklere antrenman programı öncesi ve sonrasında boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), anaerobik güç, aerobik kapasite, maksimal inspiratuar basınç (MIP), maksimal ekspiratuar basınç (MEP), dinlenik kalp atım, esneklik ve durarak uzun atlama testleri uygulanmıştır. Ön-son test farkları için bağımlı örneklem t testi, gruplara göre değişimi belirlemek için bağımsız örneklem t testi kullanılmıştır. YŞİA ve geleneksel atletizm antrenmanları sonrasında tüm parametrelerde anlamlı artış görülmüştür (p<0,05). İki antrenman grubundaki yüzdesel değişimler karşılaştırıldığında ise esneklik dışında tüm parametrelerde deney grubu lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı gelişim elde edilmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, elit atletlerde 6 haftalık YŞİA’nın geleneksel atletizm antrenman programına göre solunum kas kuvvetine ve diğer fizyolojik parametrelere olumlu etkisinin daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. YŞİA’nın sporcuların fizyolojik uyum düzeyinde kısa sürede olumlu yanıt verdiği göz önüne alındığında elit sporcular arasındaki rekabete olumlu katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca solunum kasları ile ilgili elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar literatüre önemli katkılar sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yüksek şidddetli interval antrenman,atlet,solunum kası

THE EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING PROGRAM ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH

Öz

Although a great number of studies have been conducted on sedentary individuals and athletes related to high intensity interval training (HIIT) and traditional training methods, this is the first study on the effect of high intensity interval training on respiratory muscle strength in elite athletes. In this respect, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of HIIT method and traditional athletics training program on respiratory muscles and some physiological parameters and to analyze the difference between them. 16 elite athletes aged between 18 and 22 participated in the study voluntarily. The athletes were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n: 8, HIIT) and control (n: 8, traditional) using double-blind experimental design. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), anaerobic power, aerobic capacity, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), resting heart rate, flexibility and standing long jump tests were applied to the subjects before and after the training program. Paired Samples T test was used for pre and post-test differences and Independent Samples T test was used to determine the change according to groups. Significant increase was observed in all parameters after HITT and traditional athletics training (p<0,05). When the percentage changes in the two training groups were compared, statistically significant improvement was found in favour of the experimental group in all parameters except flexibility (p<0,05). As a result, it was found that 6-week-long HIIT caused more positive effects on respiratory muscle strength and other physiological parameters than traditional athletics training program in elite athletes. Considering that HIIT responds positively to the physiological adaptation level of the athletes in a short time, it is thought that it will make a positive contribution to the competition among elite athletes. In addition, our results on respiratory muscles can make important contributions to the literature. 

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