FRENK ÜZÜMÜNÜN SPOR PERFORMANSI VE SPOR PERFORMANSIYLA İLİŞKİLİ PARAMETRELER ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2021, , 18 - 28, 30.03.2021

Mehmet Akif Şahin

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.690539

Cited By: 1

Öz

Egzersiz esnasında spor performansının artırılmasında ve devamlılığının sağlanmasında beslenme önemli bir yere sahiptir. Frenk üzümü antosiyanin polifenolü bakımından zengin bir besindir ve Frenk üzümü antosiyaninlerinin spor performansının artırılmasında etkili olabileceğine dair çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Frenk üzümü antosiyaninlerinin damarlarda vazodilatasyon etkisi olan nitrik oksit sentezini artırdığı ve böylece egzersiz esnasında kalp debisi, kan atım hacmi ve kan akımının yükseldiği ve kas dokunun daha iyi oksijenlendiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca Frenk üzümü tüketiminin egzersiz esnasında enerji üretiminde yağların kullanımı artırarak karbonhidrat depolarının tükenmesiyle ilişkili yorgunluğun geciktirilmesinde etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak en az 7 gün boyunca her gün Frenk üzümü tüketimi sonrasında özellikle dayanıklılık tarzı spor dallarında performans artışı sağlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Frenk üzümü, Antosiyaninler, Yağ yakımı, Spor Performansı, Spor Beslenmesi

THE EFFECTS OF BLACKCURRANT ON SPORT PERFORMANCE AND RELATED PARAMETERS

Öz

Nutrition is one of the important factors to increase and maintain sports performance during exercise. Blackcurrant is a berry fruit, rich in polyphenols mainly anthocyanins and some studies have shown increased sports performance with blackcurrant intake. Blackcurrant’s anthocyanins can enhance, blood flow, stroke volume, and cardiac output and also oxygen availability in muscles by increasing nitric oxide level which has vasodilatory effects on blood vessels. Moreover, blackcurrant intake can delay fatigue which is related to decrased carbohydrate availability by increasing fat oxidation. As a result, Blackcurrant intake for at least 7-days can enhance sports performance mainly in endurance sports.

Kaynakça

• Benn, T., Kim, B., Park, Y. K., Wegner, C. J., Harness, E., Nam, T. G., Lee, J. Y. (2014). Polyphenol-rich blackcurrant extract prevents inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem, 25(10), 1019-1025. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.008
• Burke, L. M. (2008). Caffeine and sports performance. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism, 33(6), 1319-1334.
• Cook, M. D., Myers, S. D., Blacker, S. D., Willems, M. E. (2015). New Zealand blackcurrant extract improves cycling performance and fat oxidation in cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol, 115(11), 2357-2365. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3215-8
• Cook, M. D., Myers, S. D., Gault, M. L., Edwards, V. C., Willems, M. E. T. (2017). Dose effects of New Zealand blackcurrant on substrate oxidation and physiological responses during prolonged cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol, 117(6), 1207-1216. doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3607-z
• Cook, M. D., Myers, S. D., Gault, M. L., Edwards, V. C., Willems, M. E. T. (2017). Cardiovascular function during supine rest in endurance-trained males with New Zealand blackcurrant: a dose–response study. Eur J Appl Physiol. 117(2), 247-254.
• Cook, M. D., Myers, S. D., Gault, M. L., Willems, M. E. T. (2017). Blackcurrant Alters Physiological Responses and Femoral Artery Diameter during Sustained Isometric Contraction. Nutrients, 9(6), 556. doi:10.3390/nu9060556
• Czank, C., Cassidy, A., Zhang, Q., Morrison, D. J., Preston, T., Kroon, P. A., Kay, C. D. (2013). Human metabolism and elimination of the anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-glucoside: a 13C-tracer study–. The American of Clinical Nutrition, 97(5), 995-1003.
• Edirisinghe, I., Banaszewski, K., Cappozzo, J., McCarthy, D., Burton-Freeman, B. M. (2011). Effect of black currant anthocyanins on the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vitro in human endothelial cells. J Agric Food Chem, 59(16), 8616-8624.
• Gibson, N., Baker, D., Sharples, A., & Braakhuis, A. (2020). Improving Mental Performance in an Athletic Population with the Use of Ārepa®, a Blackcurrant Based Nootropic Drink: A Randomized Control Trial. Antioxidants, 9(4), 316.
• Hall, J. E. (2010). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology e-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Hellsten, Y., Nyberg, M. (2015). Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Training. Compr Physiol, 6(1), 1-32.
• Hummer, K. E., Barney, D. L. (2002). Currants. Horttechnology, 12(3), 377-387. Retrieved from <Go to ISI>://WOS:000176405300011
• Ishii, H., Nishida, Y. (2013). Effect of lactate accumulation during exercise-induced muscle fatigue on the sensorimotor cortex. Journal of physical therapy science, 25(12), 1637-1642.
• Karakuş, M. (2014). Sporcularda ergojenik destek. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 49(4), 155-167.
• Khoo, H. E., Azlan, A., Tang, S. T.,Lim, S. M. (2017). Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food & nutrition research, 61(1), 1361779.
• Matsumoto, H., Takenami, E., Iwasaki-Kurashige, K., Osada, T., Katsumura, T., Hamaoka, T. (2005). Effects of blackcurrant anthocyanin intake on peripheral muscle circulation during typing work in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol, 94(1-2), 36-45. doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1279-y
• Maughan, R. J., Burke, L. M., Dvorak, J., Larson-Meyer, D. E., Peeling, P., Phillips, S. M., Geyer, H. (2018). IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 28(2), 104-125.
• Nakamura, Y., Matsumoto, H., Todoki, K. (2002). Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by black currant concentrate in rat thoracic aorta. Jpn J Pharmacol, 89(1), 29-35.
• Ørtenblad, N., Westerblad, H., Nielsen, J. (2013). Muscle glycogen stores and fatigue. The Journal of physiology, 591(18), 4405-4413.
• Pastellidou, E., Gillespie, E., McGrotty, A., Spence, J., McCloskey, W., Johnston, L., Kemi, O. J. (2020). Blackcurrant extract does not affect the speed–duration relationship during high-intensity running. European Journal of Sport Science, 1-10.
• Perkins, I. C., Vine, S. A., Blacker, S. D., Willems, M. E. (2015). New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract Improves High-Intensity Intermittent Running. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 25(5), 487-493. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0020
• Potter, J. A., Hodgson, C. I., Broadhurst, M., Howell, L., Gilbert, J., Willems, M. E., & Perkins, I. (2020). Effects of New Zealand blackcurrant extract on sport climbing performance. European journal of applied physiology, 120(1), 67-75.
• Ross, M. (2020). Acute Effects of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Exercise Performance: Implications of the Dose-Response Relationship and Use Under Simulated Altitude. University of Essex.
• Sakakibara, H., Ogawa, T., Koyanagi, A., Kobayashi, S., Goda, T., Kumazawa, S., Shimoi, K. (2009). Distribution and excretion of bilberry anthocyanins in mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57(17), 7681-7686.
• Silver, M. D. (2001). Use of ergogenic aids by athletes. JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 9(1), 61-70.
• Stone, M. H., Stone, M., Sands, W. A. (2007). Principles and practice of resistance training: Human Kinetics.
• Strauss, J. A., Willems, M. E. T., Shepherd, S. O. (2018). New Zealand blackcurrant extract enhances fat oxidation during prolonged cycling in endurance-trained females. Eur J Appl Physiol, 118(6), 1265-1272. doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3858-3
• Tabart, J., Auger, C., Kevers, C., Dommes, J., Pollet, B., Defraigne, J.-O., Pincemail, J. J. N. (2018). The potency of commercial blackcurrant juices to induce relaxation in porcine coronary artery rings is not correlated to their antioxidant capacity but to their anthocyanin content. Nutrition. 51, 53-59.
• Tanaka, Y., Sasaki, N., Ohmiya, A. (2008). Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids. Plant J, 54(4), 733-749.
• Timmons, B. W., Bar-Or, O., Riddell, M. C. (2007). Energy substrate utilization during prolonged exercise with and without carbohydrate intake in preadolescent and adolescent girls. J Appl Physiol (1985), 103(3), 995-1000.
• Tsuda, T., Ueno, Y., Aoki, H., Koda, T., Horio, F., Takahashi, N., (2004). Anthocyanin enhances adipocytokine secretion and adipocyte-specific gene expression in isolated rat adipocytes. 316(1), 149-157.
• Umans, J. G., Levi, R. (1995). Nitric oxide in the regulation of blood flow and arterial pressure. Annual review of physiology, 57(1), 771-790.
• Willems, M. E., Myers, S. D., Gault, M. L., Cook, M. D. (2015). Beneficial Physiological Effects With Blackcurrant Intake in Endurance Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 25(4), 367-374.
• Wu, T., Tang, Q., Gao, Z., Yu, Z., Song, H., Zheng, X., Chen, W. J. P. O. (2013). Blueberry and mulberry juice prevent obesity development in C57BL/6 mice. 8(10), e77585.
• Wu, X., Beecher, G. R., Holden, J. M., Haytowitz, D. B., Gebhardt, S. E., Prior, R. L. (2006). Concentrations of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 54(11), 4069-4075.
• Wylie, L. J., Bailey, S. J., Kelly, J., Blackwell, J. R., Vanhatalo, A., Jones, A. M. (2016). Influence of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent exercise performance. European journal of applied physiology, 116(2), 415-425.
• Xu, J. W., Ikeda, K., Yamori, Y. (2004). Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by cyanidin-3-glucoside, a typical anthocyanin pigment. Hypertension, 44(2), 217-222.
• Ziberna, L., Lunder, M., Tramer, F., Drevensek, G., Passamonti, S. (2013). The endothelial plasma membrane transporter bilitranslocase mediates rat aortic vasodilation induced by anthocyanins. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 23(1), 68-74.