Futbolda Dar Alan Oyunları Değişkenlerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 117 - 131, 25.09.2021

Kaan Kaya Barış Gürol

https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.979126

Öz

Günümüzde oldukça popüler spor branşlarının başında gelen futbolda sıkça kullanılan dar alan oyunlarının (DAO) belirli parametrelerinin değiştirilmesi sonucu antrenman şiddetinde azalma ya da artma olmaktadır. Bu araştırma, DAO’nun fizyolojik ve fiziksel performans etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak güncel çalışmaların bir sentezini yapıp, DAO’ya etki eden birçok parametrenin (saha boyutu, oyuncu sayıları, antrenör desteği, kural değişikliği vb.) genel yapısı hakkında bilgi vermek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilimsel araştırmalar incelendiğinde oyuncu sayılarında yapılan değişikler, sporcuların kalp atım hızı (KAH), laktat konsantrasyonu (La) ve algılanan zorluk derece puanı (AZD) değerlerinde belirgin farklılıklar yaratmaktadır. DAO’da oyuncu sayılarının az olması belirtilen değerleri yükseltirken oyuncu sayılarının artmasıyla bu değerlerin düştüğü gözlenmiştir. DAO içerisindeki saha ölçülerinde yapılan değişiklikler de birçok performans parametresini etkilemektedir. Antrenörlerin amacına uygun olarak planlanması gereken saha boyutlarında KAH, La ve AZD gibi değerlerin yükseltilebilmesi için saha boyutlarının arttırılması gerektiği ancak teknik taleplerin arttırılabilmesi içinse saha boyutlarının küçültülmesi gerektiği yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca az sayıda yapılan araştırmalar gösteriyor ki antrenör desteğinin bulunduğu oyunlarda KAH, La ve AZD gibi değerlerin arttığı belirtilmektedir. Antrenörlerin sözel desteği etkili bir biçimde kullanabilmeleri gerektiği ancak çok yoğun ve şiddetli geri bildirimlerin AZD puanlarını arttırmasına rağmen sporcuların oyun performansında düşmelere sebep olduğu görülmektedir. Sporcuların fizyolojik, fiziksel, teknik ve taktik gelişimlerinde etkili olması ve müsabaka şartlarına benzer olması, DAO’yu oldukça önemli bir araştırma konusu haline getirmektedir. Ancak içerisinde bulunan farklı parametrelerin sistemli ve kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılması gerekmektedir. Yapılacak bilimsel araştırmalar, DAO’yu antrenman içerisinde kullanmak isteyen antrenörlerin veya uygulayıcıların performans ihtiyaçlarını nasıl karşılayabilecekleri konusunda yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antrenman, dar alan oyunları, oyun temelli antrenman

Review of Small-Sided Games Variables in Football

Öz

As a result of changing certain small-sided games (SSG) parameters, which is frequently used in football and one of the most popular sports branches today, training intensity decreases or increases. This research has been carried out in order to give information about the general structure of many parameters (field size, number of players, coach support, rule change, etc.) that affect the SSG by synthesizing current studies by considering the physiological and physical performance effects of SSG. When scientific studies are examined, changes in the number of players cause significant differences in the heart rate (HR), lactate concentration (La), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) values of the athletes. While the low number of players in the SSG increased the specified values, it was observed that these values decreased with the increase in the number of players. Changes in field measurements within the SSG also affect many performance parameters. As a result of the researches, it was understood that the field dimensions should be increased in order to increase the values such as HR, La, and RPE in the field dimensions that should be planned by the aim of the trainers, but the field sizes should be reduced in order to increase the technical demands. In addition, a small number of studies show that values such as HR, La, and RPE increase in games with coach support. It is seen that trainers should be able to use verbal support effectively, but very intense and severe feedbacks cause a decrease in the game performance of the athletes, although they increase their RPE. The fact that it is effective in the physiological, physical, technical, and tactical developments of the athletes and being similar to the competition conditions makes the SSG an essential research subject. However, the different parameters in it should be investigated systematically and comprehensively. Scientific research will help trainers or practitioners who want to use SSG in training to meet their performance needs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Training, small-sided games, game-based training

Kaynakça

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