Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

2001 vs. Solaris: A Futuristic and Filmographic Tit-for-Tat during the Cold War Space Race

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 68 - 87, 31.10.2024

Öz

The Cold War ideological conflict and its bi-polar reflections between Capitalist and Communist blocs were reflected in both macro politics rhetoric and everyday popular culture in the world, including those of the US and the former Soviet Union. In particular, the Cold War between the two superpowers also included a critical Space Race for exploring and discovering the rest of space for the humanity. This space race was reflected in no artwork better than cinema and films. Both Stanley Kubrick and Andrei Tarkovsky were prominent and independent film directors of their times. Yet, neither represented the bloc they belonged because of their independence in filmmaking. After Kubrick released 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), the film changed the way the wider audiences perceived the science fiction genre. Four years later, Russian film director Andrei Tarkovsky released Solaris (1972) as a ‘reply in kind’ to 2001. Since then, the two films, both seen as masterworks today, were often comparatively examined within the wider context of their political times. The purpose of this research is to shed light on this wider context of the two films and two directors as two masterminds of filmmaking.

Kaynakça

  • American Film Institute, “AFI Catalog: Stanley Kubrick”, accessed: 25 October 2024.
  • Athes, Paul (2021). “Solaris vs 2001: The Space Odyssey - The Space between Spirit and Matter”, Revista de Filosofie Aplicată, 4(6): 190-206. Asimov, Isaac (1960). The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science. New York: Basic Books.
  • Asimov, Isaac (1979). Extraterrestrial Civilizations. New York: Crown.
  • Asimov, Isaac (1982). Exploring the Earth and the Cosmos. New York: Crown.
  • Aumont, Jacques and Michele Marie (1988). L’Analyse des Films (Analysis of Film). Paris: Armand Colin.
  • Babbie, Earl. (2021). The Practice of Social Research. Boston: Cengage.
  • Benshoff, Harry M. and Caryn Murphy (2024). Film and Television Analysis: An Introduction to Methods, Theories, and Approaches. New York: Routledge.
  • Brylla, Catalin (2018). “The Benefits of Content Analysis for Filmmakers”, Studies in Australasian Cinema, 12(2): 150–161.
  • Cantril, Hadley. (1940). The Invasion from Mars. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Cherif, Abour H., Gerald E. Adams, David Morabito, Robert Aron, Jeremy Dunning and Stefanos Gialamas. (2010). “A Martian Invasion of Teachable Moments for Environmental Science and Related Issues”, Science Education Review, 9(1): 28-43.
  • Clarke, Arthur C. (1968). 2001: A Space Odyssey. New York: New American Library.
  • Dumazedier Joffre (1960). “The Cinema and Popular Culture”, Diogenes. 8(31): 103-113.
  • Fenwick, James (2018). “Introduction: Forging New Perspectives”, James Fenwick (ed.), Understanding Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey: Representation and Interpretation. Bristol: Intellect.
  • Grant, Susan-Mary (2012). A Concise History of the United States of America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Internet Movie Database (IMDb), “Andrei Tarkovsky”, accessed: 30 October 2024.
  • Isaacs, James, Taylor Downing and Henry Horrock (1998). Cold War: An Illustrated History, 1945-1991. Boston: Little Brown & Co.
  • Jamal, Aamir. (2023). “Kubrick vs. Tarkovsky: A Battle of the Titans”, Medium, 08.03.2023, https://medium.com/@acidtestgo/kubrick-vs-tarkovsky-a-battle-of-the-titans-77a13d9ab3a5
  • Kolker, Robert P. (2017). The Extraordinary Image: Orson Welles, Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick and the Reimagining of Cinema. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
  • Leffler, Melvyn P. (2008). For the Soul of Mankind: the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War. New York: Hill & Wang.
  • Lem, Stanisław Herman (1961). Solaris. Warsaw, London: MON, Walker.
  • Lynn, Hadrian (2023). “The Impact of Film on Culture: Reflections on Movie Industry, Violent Impact and Politicized Content Production”, Communications in Humanities Research, 13: 288-293.
  • Moskowitz, G. (1965). “Sci-fi snob: Call me Disney”, Variety, 239(10): 7-16.
  • Portree, David S. F. (2001). Humans to Mars: Fifty Years of Mission Planning, 1950–2000. Washington, DC: NASA Publication.
  • Rushton, Richard (2013). The Politics of Hollywood Cinema: Popular Film and Contemporary Political Theory. London, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sobchack, Thomas and Vivian Sobchack (1997). An Introduction to Film. New York: Longman.
  • Şengül, Ali Fuat (2005). Cinema and Represenation in International Relations: Hollywood Cinema and the Cold War. Master Thesis. Ankara: METU.
  • Viñas, Alberto Navarro (2023). War and Cinema in the United States Sergeant York and Dr. Strangelove: from Propaganda to Criticism. Undergraduate Dissertation. Universidad Zaragoza.
  • Waltz, Kenneth N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. McGraw-Hill.
  • Westad, Odd Arne (2017). The Cold War: A World History. New York: Basic Books.

2001 Solaris’e Karşı: Soğuk Savaş Uzay Yarışı Sırasında Fütürist ve Filmografik Bir Kısasa Kısas

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 68 - 87, 31.10.2024

Öz

The Cold War ideological conflict and its bi-polar reflections between Capitalist and Communist blocs were reflected in both macro politics rhetoric and everyday popular culture in the world, including those of the US and the former Soviet Union. In particular, the Cold War between the two superpowers also included a critical Space Race for exploring and discovering the rest of space for the humanity. This space race was reflected in no artwork better than cinema and films. Both Stanley Kubrick and Andrei Tarkovsky were prominent and independent film directors of their times. Yet, neither represented the bloc they belonged because of their independence in filmmaking. After Kubrick released 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), the film changed the way the wider audiences perceived the science fiction genre. Four years later, Russian film director Andrei Tarkovsky released Solaris (1972) as a ‘reply in kind’ to 2001. Since then, the two films, both seen as masterworks today, were often comparatively examined within the wider context of their political times. The purpose of this research is to shed light on this wider context of the two films and two directors as two masterminds of filmmaking.

Kaynakça

  • American Film Institute, “AFI Catalog: Stanley Kubrick”, accessed: 25 October 2024.
  • Athes, Paul (2021). “Solaris vs 2001: The Space Odyssey - The Space between Spirit and Matter”, Revista de Filosofie Aplicată, 4(6): 190-206. Asimov, Isaac (1960). The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science. New York: Basic Books.
  • Asimov, Isaac (1979). Extraterrestrial Civilizations. New York: Crown.
  • Asimov, Isaac (1982). Exploring the Earth and the Cosmos. New York: Crown.
  • Aumont, Jacques and Michele Marie (1988). L’Analyse des Films (Analysis of Film). Paris: Armand Colin.
  • Babbie, Earl. (2021). The Practice of Social Research. Boston: Cengage.
  • Benshoff, Harry M. and Caryn Murphy (2024). Film and Television Analysis: An Introduction to Methods, Theories, and Approaches. New York: Routledge.
  • Brylla, Catalin (2018). “The Benefits of Content Analysis for Filmmakers”, Studies in Australasian Cinema, 12(2): 150–161.
  • Cantril, Hadley. (1940). The Invasion from Mars. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Cherif, Abour H., Gerald E. Adams, David Morabito, Robert Aron, Jeremy Dunning and Stefanos Gialamas. (2010). “A Martian Invasion of Teachable Moments for Environmental Science and Related Issues”, Science Education Review, 9(1): 28-43.
  • Clarke, Arthur C. (1968). 2001: A Space Odyssey. New York: New American Library.
  • Dumazedier Joffre (1960). “The Cinema and Popular Culture”, Diogenes. 8(31): 103-113.
  • Fenwick, James (2018). “Introduction: Forging New Perspectives”, James Fenwick (ed.), Understanding Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey: Representation and Interpretation. Bristol: Intellect.
  • Grant, Susan-Mary (2012). A Concise History of the United States of America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Internet Movie Database (IMDb), “Andrei Tarkovsky”, accessed: 30 October 2024.
  • Isaacs, James, Taylor Downing and Henry Horrock (1998). Cold War: An Illustrated History, 1945-1991. Boston: Little Brown & Co.
  • Jamal, Aamir. (2023). “Kubrick vs. Tarkovsky: A Battle of the Titans”, Medium, 08.03.2023, https://medium.com/@acidtestgo/kubrick-vs-tarkovsky-a-battle-of-the-titans-77a13d9ab3a5
  • Kolker, Robert P. (2017). The Extraordinary Image: Orson Welles, Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick and the Reimagining of Cinema. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
  • Leffler, Melvyn P. (2008). For the Soul of Mankind: the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War. New York: Hill & Wang.
  • Lem, Stanisław Herman (1961). Solaris. Warsaw, London: MON, Walker.
  • Lynn, Hadrian (2023). “The Impact of Film on Culture: Reflections on Movie Industry, Violent Impact and Politicized Content Production”, Communications in Humanities Research, 13: 288-293.
  • Moskowitz, G. (1965). “Sci-fi snob: Call me Disney”, Variety, 239(10): 7-16.
  • Portree, David S. F. (2001). Humans to Mars: Fifty Years of Mission Planning, 1950–2000. Washington, DC: NASA Publication.
  • Rushton, Richard (2013). The Politics of Hollywood Cinema: Popular Film and Contemporary Political Theory. London, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sobchack, Thomas and Vivian Sobchack (1997). An Introduction to Film. New York: Longman.
  • Şengül, Ali Fuat (2005). Cinema and Represenation in International Relations: Hollywood Cinema and the Cold War. Master Thesis. Ankara: METU.
  • Viñas, Alberto Navarro (2023). War and Cinema in the United States Sergeant York and Dr. Strangelove: from Propaganda to Criticism. Undergraduate Dissertation. Universidad Zaragoza.
  • Waltz, Kenneth N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. McGraw-Hill.
  • Westad, Odd Arne (2017). The Cold War: A World History. New York: Basic Books.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler/Articles
Yazarlar

Ödül Celep

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 16 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Celep, Ö. (2024). 2001 vs. Solaris: A Futuristic and Filmographic Tit-for-Tat during the Cold War Space Race. Social Review of Technology and Change, 2(2), 68-87.