TARİHSEL/ TOPLUMSAL TRAVMALAR VE KUŞAKLARARASI AKTARIMI BİÇİMLERİ ÜZERİNE

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 5, 373 - 379, 14.10.2020

Gülnaz Karatay

https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.767797

Cited By: 4

Öz

Savaş, göç, doğal felaketler ve soykırım gibi tarihsel/toplumsal travmaların, hayatta kalanlar üzerinde çok boyutlu sarsıcı etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Ancak, doğrudan travmaya doğrudan maruz kalmasalar bile, sonraki nesiller de, ebevynlerinin deneyimlerini farklı biçimlerde absorbe etmekte ve stres-cevap sistemleri savunmasız hale gelebilmektedirler. Toplumsal travmaların bulaşıcı niteliğine işaret eden bu durum “sekonder travmatizasyon” ya da “travmanın kuşaklararası aktarımı” gibi kavramlarla ifade edilmektedir. Son yirmi yılda travmanın sonraki kuşaklara aktarım biçimlerine ilişkin artan bir ilgi ve modelleme çalışmaları bulunmaktadır. Yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar, retrospektif yöntemin bazı dezavantajlarına rağmen, toplumsal/tarihsel travmaların, sonraki kuşakları, psikodinamik, çevresel, kültürel ve epigenetik mekanizmalar aracılığıyla etkilemeye devam ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle travma aktarım süreçlerinde aile içi iletişim tarzlarının önemli bir işlev gördüğü ve post-travmatik büyümeyi başaramayan ailelerde kuşak etkisinin daha ağır deneyimlenebildiği ifade edilmektedir. Travmanın kuşaklararası aktarımını konu edinen derleme türündeki bu makalede, travmanın kuşaklararası aktarım biçimlerine ilişkin literatür gözden geçirilerek olguyla ilgili bir perspektif oluşturulması ve bu paralelde toplumsal travmaların maliyetinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

travama, kuşaklararası aktarım, psikodinamik model, epigenetik

Kaynakça

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