Emzirmeyi Bırakma Nedenleri: Bir Sistematik Derleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4, 305 - 322, 12.09.2025

Eslem Altıntaş , Büşra Yılmaz , İlkay Güngör Satılmış

Öz

Amaç: Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) önerilerine göre, bebeklerin optimal büyümeleri için ilk altı ay yalnızca anne sütü ile beslenmeleri ve emzirmenin en az iki yıl sürdürülmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sistematik derleme, emzirmeyi bırakma nedenlerini bireysel, bebeğe ait, psikososyal ve çevresel faktörler çerçevesinde inceleyen çalışmaları derlemeyi ve değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: 2018-2023 yılları arasında yayımlanmış, emzirmeyi bırakma nedenlerini araştıran, Türkçe ve İngilizce dilindeki nitel ve nicel araştırmalar dahil edilmiştir. Derlemeye alınan 22 çalışmada toplam 9.758 anne ve 6.170 bebek yer almıştır.
Bulgular: Emzirmeyi bırakma nedenleri dört faktör altında incelenmiştir: bireysel (süt yetersizliği, meme sorunları, mama kullanımı), bebeğe ait (yetersiz kilo alımı, memeyi reddetme), psikososyal (stres, önceki olumsuz deneyimler, düşük özgüven) ve çevresel (işyerinde uygun emzirme koşullarının eksikliği, sosyal destek yetersizliği, mitler).
Sonuç: En yaygın nedenler bireysel ve çevresel faktörlerdir. Bu faktörlerin önlenmesi veya azaltılması, kadın sağlığını iyileştirmek için önemlidir. Sağlık profesyonellerinin emzirmeyi teşvik eden politikalar geliştirmesi kritik rol oynamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

emzirme , sütten kesme , risk faktörleri

Reasons for Breastfeeding Cessation: A Systematic Review

Öz

Objective: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months to ensure optimal growth, and breastfeeding should continue for at least two years. This systematic review aims to compile and evaluate studies investigating breastfeeding cessation within four domains: individual, infant-related, psychosocial, and environmental factors.
Methods: Qualitative and quantitative studies published between 2018 and 2023 in Turkish and English, which examined the reasons for breastfeeding cessation were included. A total of 22 studies with 9,758 mothers and 6,170 infants were reviewed.
Results: The reasons for breastfeeding cessation were categorized into four factors: individual (insufficient milk supply, nipple problems, formula use), infant-related (insufficient weight gain, breast refusal), psychosocial (stress, previous negative experiences, low self-confidence), and environmental (lack of appropriate breastfeeding conditions at the workplace, inadequate social support, myths).
Conclusion: The most common reasons for breastfeeding cessation are individual and environmental factors. Preventing or reducing these factors is important for improving maternal health. Healthcare professionals play a critical role in developing policies that promote breastfeeding.

Anahtar Kelimeler

breast feeding , weaning , risk factors

Kaynakça

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