ANAYASAL DÜZENİN KORUYUCULUĞUNDAN SIRADAN BİR MAHKEMEYE EVRİLME ÖRNEĞİ OLARAK MACARİSTAN ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ

Yıl 2023, , 1729 - 1777, 31.12.2023

Taha Kurt

https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1329422

Öz

Anayasa yargısı veya yargı denetimi, günümüz anayasal sistemlerinin temel özelliklerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Anavatan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri örneği bir yana bırakılırsa, anayasa yargısının temel olarak sırasıyla I. Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen ardından ve 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde sosyalist rejimlerin yıkılmasından sonra yaygınlaştığı görülür. 1989’da kurulan Macaristan Anayasa Mahkemesi, anayasal düzenin temel koruyucu kurumlarından biri olarak tasarlanmıştır. Yüksek Mahkeme kurulduğu ilk günden itibaren, yaklaşık çeyrek yüzyıl boyunca kuvvetler ayrığı, frenler ve dengeler mekanizması, temel hak ve özgürlüklerin güvenceye alınması, anayasal devletin tesisi konularında önemli fonksiyonlar yerine getirmiştir. Fakat daha sonra yapılan Anayasa değişiklikleri sonucunda bu niteliğini kaybetmiştir. Macaristan Anayasa Mahkemesinin incelendiği bu çalışmada salt-organik bir mahkeme incelemesi yapılmamıştır. Bizce anayasal sistemin önemli bir unsuru olarak kurulan Yüksek Mahkemenin değeri ve fonksiyonu hukuksal, siyasal ve tarihsel okumalarla daha iyi anlaşılabilir. İlk kez 1989’da kurulan ve kısa dönem içerisinde sıra dışı değişim ve dönüşümler yaşayan Anayasa Mahkemesinin, sosyalist rejim döneminden başlayarak bir incelemesi yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Macaristan Anayasa Mahkemesi, Anayasa Yargısı, Yargı Denetimi, Macaristan, Fidesz

Kaynakça

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