İŞKENCENİN ÖNLENMESİ BAĞLAMINDA HUKUKUN ÜSTÜNLÜĞÜ VE AHLAK İLİŞKİSİ

Yıl 2023, , 1603 - 1637, 31.12.2023

Güneş Atay Ünüvar

https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1375014

Öz

Lon L. Fuller'a göre hukuk, ancak insanları kendi düzenine tabi kılabilecek durumdaysa hukuk olabilir.
Bunu başarabilmek için hukuk, kişileri genel kurallar aracılığıyla yönetmeli ve bu kurallar ilan edilmiş,
anlaşılabilir, ileriye dönük, birbiriyle uyumlu, uygulanabilir, istikrarlı olmalı ve resmi işlemler ile ilan edilen
kurallar arasında bir örtüşme bulunmalıdır. Hukukun üstünlüğünün prensipleri olarak kabul edilen bu
sekiz ilke bir düzeni hukuk sistemine dönüştürmek için olmazsa olmazdır. Hukukun üstünlüğü, Fuller'ın
görüşünde, kişileri haysiyet sahibi failler olarak değerlendirdiğinden ve keyfi yönetimlerin ahlaki talepleri
ihlal etmeye yönelik uygulamalarını sınırlayabileceğinden ahlaki bir değer taşır. Hukuki pozitivistler ise bu
prensiplerle etik arasında zorunlu bir ilişki kurulamayacağını ileri sürerek hukukun üstünlüğünü araçsal bir
konuma indirgerler. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak Fuller'ın prosedürel doğal hukuk teorisiyle pozitivistlerin karşı
argümanları değerlendirilmekte, daha sonra Bush yönetiminin soruşturmalarda işkence yöntemleri
kullanabilmesinin ancak Fuller'ın ortaya koyduğu prensiplerin ihlali ile mümkün olduğu ortaya konarak
hukukun üstünlüğünün işkencenin önlenmesi bağlamında ahlaki değeri haiz olduğu savunulmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hukukun üstünlüğü, Lon L. Fuller, Prosedürel doğal hukuk, Hukuki pozitivizm, • İşkence

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