ALTERNATİF UYUŞMAZLIK ÇÖZÜM YOLLARI (AUÇY) VE İŞ UYUŞMAZLIKLARI UYGUN BIR TERCİH MİDİR? BİREYSEL İŞ ANLAŞMAZLIKLARINDA AUÇY

Öz

Alternatif Uyuşmazlık Çözümü Yöntemleri (AUÇY) aracılığıyla uyuşmazlıkları çözme hususunda tüm dünyada artan bir eğilim vardir. Bu makale ise AUÇY'nin iş uyuşmazlıklarını çözmedeki rolünü araştırmaktadadır. Bu amaçla, iş uyuşmazlıklarının kendine özgü yapısını inceler, özellikle tara-flar arasındaki güç dengesizliğine odaklanır. AUÇY'nin iş uyuşmazlıklarının çözümü için uygun olup olmadığını inceler. Bu bağlamda, bu uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde AUÇY'nin kullanılmasının avantajlarını ve dezavantajlarını işverenlerin ve çalışanların bakış açılarından değerlendirerek ele alır. Bu AUÇY'nin avantajlarının ve dezavantajlarının birbiriyle bağlantılı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle, bir avantajın aynı zamanda bir dezavantaj olarak tezahür edebileceğini belirtir. Bu dezavantajlar genellikle potansiyel güç dengesine dayanmaktadır. Ancak, çoğu anlaşmazlığın doğası gereği bir dereceye kadar güç dengesizliği içermektedir ve sadece güç dengesizliği nedeniyle, AUÇY yöntemlerini tamamen göz ardı etmek, tara-fların sonrasında mahkemelere erişim hakkına sahip olduğu müddetçe, mantıklı olmayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• • AUÇY
• Arabuluculuk
• Tahkim
• Iş uyuşmazlıkları
• Güç Dengesizliği

Etik Beyan

Yukarıda verilen bilgilere dayalı olarak hazırlanan ve Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Dergisi'ne sunulan makale, etik kurul izni veya özel izin gerektirmemektedir.

DO ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION METHODS AND EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES FIT LIKE A HAND AND GLOVE? ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES

Öz

There is a growing focus on resolving disputes through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods in the world. This article explores ADR’s role in settling employment-related disputes. It highlights the distinctive characteristics (sui generis) of employment disputes with particular focus on the power imbalance between parties and examine how ADR aligns with the that of employment disputes. It considers advantages and disadvantages of employing ADR within the realm of employment law by looking from the perspectives of both employers and employees. Article reveals that the advantages and disadvantages of ADR are interconnected. Furthermore, a single advantage might also come with a disadvantage. These drawbacks mainly rely on the potential power imbalance. However, most disputes inherently involve some degree of power imbalance, and because mere power imbalance, completely disregarding ADR methods would not be reasonable unless parties are unable to seek their rights in courts or tribunals after attempting ADR.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ADR
• Mediation
• Arbitration
• Employment Disputes
• Power Imbalance

Etik Beyan

The article which information is given above and submitted to Selcuk University Law Review does not require ethics committee permission or any special permission.

Kaynakça

1. BIBLIOGRAPHY ACAS, “Annual Report and Accounts 2016–17”, 2017.
2. ACAS, “Guidance on Settlement Agreements” December, 2018.
3. AYDIN, Bugra “Bireysel Is Uyusmazliklari ve Tahkim” Law Research Journal of Marmara University Law Faculty, 21, 2, 2015.
4. BALLARD, Allison/EASTEAL, Patricia: “(Alternative) Dispute Reso-lution and Workplace Bullying Some Pros and Cons From The Coalface” Alternative Law Journal, 41, 2, 2016.
5. BENNETT, Tony, “The Role of Workplace Mediation: A Critical As-sessment” Personnel Review 43, 5, 2004.
6. BHORAT, Haroon/JACOBS, Elne/WESTHUIZEN, Carlene Van Der “Do Industrial Disputes Reduce Employment? Evidence from South Africa” Africa Growth Initiative Working Paper 6, 2013, pg.17. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/02-industrial-employment-south-africa-1.pdf accessed (21.07.2023)
7. BINGHAM, Lisa “On Repeat Players, Adhesive Contracts, and the Use of Statistics in Judicial Review of Employment Arbitration Awards” 29 McGeorge Law Review, 1998.
8. BITTEL, Patrici: “Arbitration: Is This Where We Were Headed” Alter-native Dispute Resolution Employment Relations, 3, 2001.

9. BLAKE, Susan/ BROWNE, Julie/ SIME, Stuart: A Practical Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution,5th edn, Oxford University Press, 2018.
10. BROWN, Henry/ MARRIOTT, Arthur; ADR: Principles and Practice, 3rd edn, Sweet & Maxwell, 2011.
11. BUDD, John/ COLVIN, Alexander, “Improved Metrics for Workplace Dispute Resolution Procedures: Efficiency, Equity, and Voice” Industrial Relations, 47, 3, 2008.
12. CANBOLAT, Talat: “Is Hukuku Bakimindan Arabuluculuk” Ara-bulucugun Gelistirilmesi Uluslarasi Sempozyumu, Yildirim Bayezid Universitesi, 6-7 December, 2018.
13. CEDR, ‘Model Mediation Clauses and Mediation in Employment Poli-cies’, 2020, pg.9. https://www.cedr.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Model-Mediation-Clauses-and-Mediation-in- Employment-Policies.pdf (accessed 1/11/2022)
14. CONBERE, John: “Designing Conflict Management Systems to Re-solve Workplace Conflicts”Alternative Dispute Resolution in Employment Relations, 2, 2000.
15. DICKENS, Linda: “Employment Tribunals and Alternative Dispute Resolution” DICKENS, Linda (editor): Making Employment Rights Effective Issues of Enforcement and Compliance, Hart Publishing, 2012.
16. DOLDER, Cheryl: “The Contribution of Mediation to Workplace Jus-tice” Industrial Law Journal (2004).
17. EBISUI, Minawa/COONEY, Sean/FENWİCK Colin: “Resolving Indi-vidual Labour Disputes: A General Introduction” EBISUI, Minawa/COONEY, Sean/FENWİCK Colin (editor): Resolving Individual Labour Disputes: A Comparative Overview, ILO, 2016.
18. EMPLOYMENT LAWYER ASSOCIATION: “ADR and Employment Disputes”, 2017, pg.5. https://www.elaweb.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/ELA%20ADR%20%20Employment%20Disputes%20report_November%202017.pdf (accessed 25.07.2023)
19. ESTREICHER, Samuel: “Pre-dispute Agreements to Arbitrate Statuto-ry Employment Claims” New York University Law Review, 72, 1997.
20. EVANS Frank, SLOAN Shadow: “Resolving Employment Disputes through ADR Processes”, South Texas Law Review, 37, 1996.
21. EWING, David: Justice on the Job, Harvard Business School Press, 1989.
22. EWING, K. “The Functions of Trade Unions” Industrial Law Journal, 34, 1, 2005.
23. FAULKNER, Richard: “Employment Arbitration: Advanced Dispute Resolution for the Global Economy” Alternative Dispute Reso-lution in Employment Relations, 1, 1999.
24. FERNÁNDEZ-MACÍAS, Enrique: Automation, Digitalisation and Platforms: Implications for Work and Employment, Publica-tions Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2018.
25. FISS, Owen: “Against Settlement” Yale Law Journal, 93(6), 1984.
26. FREEDLAND, Mark/DEAKIN, Simon: “The Exchange Principle and the Wage-Work Bargain” in FREEDLAND/Mark (Editor), The Contract of Employment, Oxford University Press, 2016.
27. GEORGE, Barbara: “Mandatory and Voluntary Arbitration of Work-place Disputes: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. & U.K. Sys-tems” Alternative Dispute Resolution in Employment Rela-tions, 2, 2000.
28. GIBBONS, Michael: Better Dispute Resolution: A Review of Employ-ment Dispute Resolution in Great Britain, Department of Trade and Industry, 2007.
29. GILBERT, Laura: “Reducing the Litigious Climate in Organizations” Alternative Dispute Resolution in Employment Relations, 1, 1999.
30. GUZEL, Ali: ‘Is Mahkemesi Kanunu Tasarisi Taslagi Hakkinda Bazi Aykiri Dusunceler (2016) 3 Work and Society Journal 1131.
31. HALEGUA, Aaron: “United States” EBISUI, Minawa/COONEY, Sean/FENWİCK Colin (editor): Resolving Individual Labour Disputes: A Comparative Overview, ILO, 2016.
32. HERON, Robert/VANDENABEEL, Caroline: Labour Dispute Resolu-tion, ILO, 1999.
33. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6317 85/acas-annual-report-2016-2017-print.pdf (accessed 30.10.2023)
34. ILO, Labour Disputes Systems: Guidelines for Improved Performance, International Training Centre of the International Labour Or-ganization, 2013.
35. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE, Social Dialogue: Recurrent Discussion Under the ILO Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization, Report VI, International Labour Confer-ence, 102nd Session Geneva, 2013.
36. JUNANKAR, Raja, “The Global Economic Crisis: Long-Term Unem-ployment in the OECD”, IZA Discussion Paper, No. 6057.
37. KALLIPETIS, Michel: “Mediation in Employment Disputes” in NEWMARK, Christopher/MONAGHAN Anthony (editor): Butterworths Mediators on Mediation Leading Mediator Per-spectives on the Practice of Commercial Mediation, Tottel Publishing, 2005.
38. LIEBERMANT, Jethro/ HENRY, James, “Lessons from the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement” University of Chicago Law Review, 53, 1986.
39. LIPSKY, David/SEEBER, Ronald; “Resolving Workplace Disputes in the United States: The Growth of Alternative Dispute Resolu-tion in Employment Relations” Alternative Dispute Resolution in Employment Relations, 2, 2000.
40. MCDERMOTT, Patrick/ BERKELEY, Eliot: Alternative Dispute Reso-lution in the Workplace, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.
41. MILLER, K: “How to Prepare for and Participate in an Employment Mediation” Alternative Dispute Resolution in Employment Relations, 1999. MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, Judicial Statistics (2018). https://adlisicil.adalet.gov.tr/Resimler/SayfaDokuman/2182019155518istatistik2018.pdf (accessed 21.07.2023)
42. NELSON, Scott: “The EEOC's Mediation Program: A New Hope” (1999) Alternative Dispute Resolution in Employment Rela-tions, 1, 1999.
43. NOCE, Dorothy, “Seeing Theory in Practice: An Analysis of Empathy in Mediation” 1999 Negotiation Journal 15, 3, 1999.
44. OZDEMİR, Eda: “Is Mahkemelerinin Isleyisi ve Bireysel is Uyusmazli-klarinin Alternatif Cozum Yontemleri” Calisma ve Toplum, 2015.
45. RAY, Douglas: “Sexual Harassment, Labor Arbitration and National Labor Policy”1994 73 Nebraska Law Review, 73, 1994.
46. SAHIN, Cagatay, “İş Hukukunda Zorunlu Arabuluculuk Uygula-masi” Yeditepe Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi Dergisi, 2018, 2.
47. SIMON, Howard/SOCHYNSKY, Yaroslav, “In-house Mediation of Employment Disputes: ADR for the 1990s” (1995) 21(1) Em-ployee Relations Law Journal 29, 30.
48. SISLI, Zeynep: “Bireysel Is Uyusmazliklari ve Yargisal Cozum” The Journal of Ankara Bar Association, 2, 2012.
49. SPENCER, David/ BROGAN, Michael: Mediation Law and Practice, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
50. SUZEK, Sarper, Is Hukuku, 9th edn, Beta, 2013.
51. VARMA, Arup/STALLWORTH, Lamont, “The Use of Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the Workplace: An Empiri-cal Study” Alternative Dispute Resolution in Employment Re-lations, 2, 2000.
52. WALKER, Bernard/Hamilton: “Representatives and Employment Rights Disputes: What Works and What Doesn’t?” Journal of Industrial Relations 54(5) (2012).
53. WILBURN, Kay: “Employment Disputes: Solving them Out of Court” Management Review, 87, 3, 1998.
54. YAGCIOGLU, Kaan: “Yeni Is Mahkemeleri Kanunu Uyarınca Ara-buluculuk ve Arabuluculugun Is Yargılamalamasına Etkileri” Dokuz Eylul University Law Faculty Journal, 20(2), 2018.
55. YENISEY, Kubra: ‘Is Yargısında Zorunlu Arabuluculuk (Mandatory Mediation in Employment Litigation)’ in
56. YENISEY, Kubra (ed-itor) İş Mahkemeleri Kanunu Tasarısı Taslağının Değer-lendirilmesi, Türkiye Isveren Sendikaları Konfederasyonu, 2016.
57. YUNGTUM, Jason, “Mediating Sexual Harassment Claims: If, When and How” Alternative Dispute Resolution in Employment Re-lations, 1, 1999.