Zihinsel ve Fiziksel Engelli Çocuğa Sahip Anne ve Babaların Yaşam Doyumu ve Umutsuzluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Bu araştırma zihinsel, fiziksel ve zihinsel - fiziksel engelli çocuğa sahip olan anne-babaların umutsuzluk ve yaşam doyum düzeylerinin belirlenebilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Engelli çocuğa sahip anne-babaların yaşam doyumu ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri; çocuğa ait cinsiyet, yaş, özür grubu ve özel eğitim aldıklarısüre ile anne-babalara ait yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim ve gelir durumlarıgibi değişkenlere göre karşılaştırmalıolarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini her üç engel grubundan toplam 300 anne ve baba oluşturmaktadır. Örnekleme alınan anne ve babalara Aile Bilgi Formu ile birlikte, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde t testi ve One – Way ANOVA, Tamhane, Ki-kare testleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak;zihinsel, fiziksel, zihinsel-fiziksel engelli çocuğa sahip anne- babaların umutsuzluk ve yaşam doyum düzeyleri ile yaş, eğitim, gelir düzeyi, engeli çocuğun cinsiyeti arasında anlamlıbir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Özürlü çocukların eğitim ve tedavilerinin yapılabileceği kurumların yaygınlaştırılmasıve erken dönemlerde anne-babalara, aile eğitimi, bireysel danışmanlık hizmetlerinin verilmesinin ailelerin belirsizlik ve yalnızlık duygularınıazaltacağıdüşünülmektedir.

The birth of a handicapped child in the family is a situation effecting the lives, feelings and behaviors of family members in a negative way. While expecting a child having normal features and building all hopes, expectations and plans on this, the birth of a child having different features causes for families to experience big differences in their social environments, expectations, plans , work lives and financial matters. Also, families have the feelings such as shock, rejection, deep sadness, guilty conscience, nonacceptance and try to accommodate their child’s differences, look for solutions for the situation. Besides increasing the number of suitable foundations for handicapped children, it is thought that improving the physical conditions at schools for children being able to make use of formal education, making necessary arrangements and supplying equipments will effect the desperation and life satisfaction levels of parents in a positive way. To keep alive the life satisfaction and hope feelings of parents will be possible only if the help and support that they need are provided. With this research, it is aimed to make the parents, having physically and mentally handicapped child, more hopeful and feel confident, to keep family integrity and build a healthy society, to light the way of parents. The scarcity of the researches about this subject reveals the importance of this research. This study has been carried out in order to determine the hopelessness and life satisfaction levels of the parents with mental disabled child. The life satisfaction and hopelessness levels of the parents with mental disabled child were investigated by comparing the gender, age, disability group, and time of the special education taken by the child related to the child with the variables such as age, gender, and the states of education and income belonging to the parents. The study was carried out on the parents of the mental disabled children attending in A. Celalettin Çiltaş Special Education and Rehabilitation Center, and the other rehabilitation institutes in Konya. The population of the study consists of 300 parents from each of three-disability group. The parents included in the population were given Family Information Form as well as Beck Inconsistency Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale and asked for them to complete these forms. According to the examination “normality”, in the independent groups from parametric test, t-test and One-way ANOVA, Tamhane, Qui- square test were employed. In this study, significance level was as 0.05. This research aims to light the way of families and become a reference for upcoming researches about this subject with the belief that parents will communicate with their children more positively, participate in their education and make much healthier plans for the future if necessary services are provided by determining life satisfaction and desperation feelings that families experience. To conclude; whereas no significant relation has been found between the life satisfaction and desperation levels of the parents having mentally handicapped, physically handicapped, mentally-physically handicapped children; meaningful differences have been determined considering variables such as age, education, income level, handicapped child’s being male or female. The hope, feeling and expectation scores about future of mothers being 51 and over have been found to be higher than the scores of 20-35 aged mothers. The life satisfaction scores of fathers aged 51 and over have meaningfully been found to be higher than the life satisfaction scores of 36-50 aged fathers. The scores concerning feelings and expectations about future of mothers, being primary school graduate, have been determined to be higher than the scores of mothers, being university graduate.The reason why the hope, the feeling and expectation about future scores of mothers in declining years are higher than the young ones’ is thought to result from their looking after physically and mentally handicapped child since his birth ,spending more time than father, and nursing for long years without being tired of. It is thought that they despair with the worry of that the health problems in declining years will make child care more difficult and they won’t meet their own care needs. In conclusion; whereas no significant relation has been found between the life satisfaction and desperation levels of the parents having mentally handicapped, physically handicapped, mentally-physically handicapped children; meaningful differences have been determined considering variables such as age, education, income level, handicapped child’s being male or female. The hope, feeling and expectation scores about future of mothers being 51 and over have been found to be higher than the scores of 20-35 aged mothers. The life satisfaction scores of fathers aged 51 and over have meaningfully been found to be higher than the life satisfaction scores of 36-50 aged fathers. The scores concerning feelings and expectations about future of mothers, being primary school graduate, have been determined to be meaningfully higher than the scores of mothers, being university graduate. The scores of feeling and expectation about future, hope, motivation loss of fathers, being primary school graduate, have been found to be higher than the scores of fathers being secondary and high school graduate