Sporcularda Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 14 yaşgrubu sporcularında sürekli ve durumluk kaygıdüzeylerinin bazıdeğişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya yaşları14 yıl , olan basketbol, voleybol, hentbol, teakwando ve güreşbranşlarında spor yapan 132 bayan ve 192 erkek toplam 324 sporcu katılmıştır. Araştırmada Durumluk- Sürekli Anksiyete Envanteri State Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, normallik sınamasına göre bağımsız gruplarda t testleri ve Anova Testleri kullanılmışolup, verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ve hesaplanmışdeğerlerin bulunmasında SPSS 10.0 istatistik paket programıkullanılmıştır. Araştırmada bayan ve erkek sporcuların sürekli kaygıpuanlarıarasında anlamlıfarklılık tespit edilmemişken P>0,05 , durumluk kaygıpuanlarıarasında anlamlıfarklılık tespit edilmiştir P

Anxiety is a discomfort and a kind of fear feeling of which individuals do not know the reasons but feel against the events which they regard dangerous and threatening. The indicator of anxiety in behaviors is a switch from the state of excessive excitement and activeness to sluggishness. Fear, nervousness, excessive anger, disgust, tiredness, muscle aches and psychological complaints are the most common indicators of the anxiety. “State anxiety” is permanent emotional reactions which the individual shows to the permanent states of which the density changes according to the conditions. “The state anxiety” level is high in the conditions which the individual comprehends the stressing state as threatening and it is low in the conditions which the danger is not comprehended as threatening. “State Anxiety” affects the sportsman’s motivation, concentration, coordination, the ability to determine, self-confidence, kondisyonel and coordinative abilities, which may be determinative on his/her performance. “State Anxiety” , which is occurred before or during the events that are called dangerous, is generally based on logical reasons and can be understood by other people. Trait anxiety is the perceiving the situations causing stress as a dangerous or threatening and the increasing and gaining continuity of the frequency and the density of emotional reactions against these threats. Trait anxiety is common and continuous anxiety which does not depend on a certain event or situation.. As the aim in sports competitions is based on probability of winning and losing, desire to have a good performance to be able to win sometimes creates negative impacts, and increasing complex emotions bring about the bad performance. Sports psychologists have consensus that it is necessary for the athletes to have a certain anxiety level for high performance. Lower or higher level affects the performance negatively. High anxiety level for the athletes is generally attained as the athletes come close to the borders of performance capacity. In other words, while coming close to the borders of performance capacity, anxiety density is increasing. If the athletes’ emotions are on the level of enthusiasm, horror or anger, many mental functions particularly thinking and perceiving get weak, and it is not possible to carry out activities consciously. To reach psycho-physic balance condition that a sportsman has, it is necessary to abolish the emotions. On the other hand, it is a big mistake to go on keeping the player on the game and expect a result. The physiological reactions which are shown by the people coming into anxiety process show themselves in the situations as difficulty in breathing, arthralgia, fatigue, headache, angriness, insomnia, anorexia or belly, smoking and using alcohol more, shirking his/her duty, ambivalence, amnesia, impatience, imbalance, having nightmare, gastric, infarction risk. When the individual is obstructed to reach incentive object, the individual blames the thing causing the obstruction. The individual has aggressiveness emotions against these obstructions. Aggressiveness, which is obstructed to be discharged by suppressing, leads to him/her unconsciously. And, this also causes anxiety. The anxious people can’t focus attention because they always observe their behaviors, get tired because of the conflicts, don’t sleep at night, don’t have a rest because of the nightmares even if they sleep. They can’t show their real performance and they can’t be successful. Many studies have been hold to show the effect of anxious on performance. Some of them are: In his study of comparison of ranking points and anxiety amounts among the players playing for the teams in Turkey 1st Football League, Budak has determined that the teams closer to be champion and the teams closer to be relegated have high state anxiety, and the teams taking place in the middle ranks have less state anxiety than the other teams. Low self-confidence may obstruct the realization of performance in optimal level. The athletes who have high anxiety level may be doubtful of fulfilling their duties and avoid doing complex skills. If the athletes focus their attention and concentration on other issues and problems rather than the game itself, they cannot perform well enough to fulfill their duties successfully depending on the outcome of the game. Because of the players lead their limited capacity of concentration or attention to various issues. Concentration is completely aimed at activity itself. Concentration and attention in the game is not for criticizing the athletes themselves. Anxiety may corrupt the ability to behave appropriately by not letting the athletes take the right decisions. High anxiety level may force the athletes to make decisions different from realistic lines. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the level of state – trial anxiety of 14 year- old sportsmen according to some variables. Total 324 sportsmen, 132 women and 192 men, who are 14 years old, and who deal with basketball, volleyball, handball, teak-wan-do and wrestling joined in the examination. State Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI has been used in the examination. In the examination, t Tests and Anova Tests have been used in independent groups according to the normalcy testing, and SPSS 10.0 statistics package has been used for surveying the original data and finding out the calculated values. No expressive difference could be found out between the trial anxiety points of women and men P>0,05 , but expressive difference has been found out between the state anxiety points P