Anne Tutumlarının 5-6 Yaş Çocuklarının Sosyal Becerilerini ve Okula Uyumlarının Yordayıcı Etkisi

Araştırmanın amacı, anne tutumlarının çocuklarının sosyal becerileri ve okula uyumlarıüzerindeki yordayıcıetkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu Denizli ilinin merkez ilçesinde ilköğretim okullarının anasınıflarına devam eden 85 çocuk ve annesi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama araçlarıolarak Anne-Babalık Stilleri ve BoyutlarıÖlçeği Anne formu , Sosyal Beceri Formu ve 5-6 YaşÇocuklarıİçin Okul Uyumu Öğretmen Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, annelerin otoriter, yetkeci ve izin verici tutumlarıile 5-6 yaşındaki çocuklarının sosyal beceri ve okula uyum düzeyleri arasında anlamlıdüzeyde ilişki belirlenmiştir. Otoriter ve izin verici tutumlar, sosyal beceri ve okula uyum değişkenleri ile olumsuz yönde anlamlıilişki içindeyken; yetkeci tutum ise sosyal beceri ve okula uyum düzeyleri ile olumlu yönde anlamlıilişki içindedir.

The purpose of this study is to put forth the predictor effect mother’s attitude has on the social skills and school adaptation of their children. A relational survey method was used in this study. The sample group for the study comprised of 85 children, attending the kindergartens of primary schools located in the city center of Denizli, and this children’s mother. The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire PSDQ Mother Form , Social Skills Form and The Teacher Rating Scale of School Adjustment for 5-6 Year Olds were used to gather the data for the study. According to the results of the study, there is a significant relationship between the authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative mother attitude and the level of social skills and school adjustment in 5-6 year old children. While there is a significant negative relationship between authoritarian and permissive attitudes and the social skills and school adjustment variables, a significantly positive relationship exists between authoritative attitude and the level of social skills and school adjustment. Parental attitude expresses the quality of special behavior patterns and approaches of parents towards their children. Temperament, the tone of voice used towards the child, body language, the nature of interest, attention, care, and childcare-related experiences carry great importance when establishing the attitude Bornstein & Zlotnik, 2009 . During the early years of life, parents have a greater influence over their child’s life than other people. Positive and supportive attitudes are factors with powerful effects in child development Eisenberg et al., 2005; Gülay, 2010 . In conclusion of her studies, Diana Baumrind put forth three basic parental attitudes; Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive Baumrind, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1978, 1976 .In the authoritarian attitude, parents place importance on controlling their children and making sure their children listen to them. Authority, rule acceptance, and respect must be shown in all forms. While interest in the child is minimum, the expectations from the child are maximum. Issues experienced regarding the rules in the adult world may result in severe penalties Baumrind, 1967; Bornstein & Zlotnik, 2009 . The authoritative attitude is shaped with democracy, respect, and rationale. The individuality of child is accepted and respected. Accepting individuality means that they have a say in the decisions made at home. The type of communication between the child and their parents is mutual and open. The child’s independence is supported. Authoritative parents believe that severe and physical punishments damage the individuality and personality of the child Johnson, 2006; Weiten, Lloyd, Dunn, & Hammer, 2009 . On the other hand, permissive attitude is based on extensive child care, open communication, and minimal control. The rules and limits are not distinct but are very flexible. The expectation of mature behavior from the child is minimal. The attitude towards the child’s behavior, even if it involves aggression, is extremely tolerant. The approach is loose in terms of discipline Feldman, 2005; Maccoby & Martin, 1983 . The effects these attitudes have on children vary. Purpose The purpose of this study is to put forth the predictor effect mother’s attitude has on the social skills and school adaptation of their children. We searched for the answers to the questions stated below in an effort to achieve the purpose of this study. Does an authoritarian attitude of mother have a predictor effect on the social skills and school adjustment of 5–6 year old children? Does an authoritative attitude of mother have a predictor effect on the social skills and social adjustment of 5–6 year old children? Does a permissive attitude of mother have a predictor effect on the social skills and school adjustment of 5–6 year old children? Method A relational survey method was used in this study. The sample group for the study comprised of 85 children, attending the kindergartens of primary schools located in the city center of Denizli, and this children’s mothers. The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire PSDQ Mother Form , Social Skills Form and The Teacher Rating Scale of School Adjustment for 5-6 Year Olds were used to gather the data for the study. The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire PSDQ Mother Form was completed by mothers individually. Social Skills Form and The Teacher Rating Scale of School Adjustment for 5-6 Year Olds was completed by kindergarten teachers based on their 7-month observation of the children. Mothers and teachers were informed about the purpose of the study and the measurement instruments prior to the data collection process. Data was analyzed using a SPSS 13.0 software program. A Simple Linear Regression Analysis Technique was used to determine a predictor effect of authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative mother attitudes on the social skills and school adjustment of 5–6 year old children. Findings According to the results of the study, there is a significant relationship between the authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative mother attitude and the level of social skills and school adjustment in 5-6 year old children. While there is a significant negative relationship between authoritarian and permissive attitudes and the social skills and school adjustment variables, a significantly positive relationship exists between authoritative attitude and the level of social skills and school adjustment. Authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive attitudes at maximum level explain school adjustment. While authoritarian attitude explains school adjustment and social skills at the highest level, permissive attitude was one that explains school adjustment and social skills at the lowest level