Bilişim Teknolojilerinden Beklenen Faydalar Yenilik ve Genel Performans Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 33, 19 - 33, 01.02.2015

Hasan Bülbül

Öz

Son 20–30 yıldan buyana bilişim teknolojileri ve firma performansı arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılması akademisyenlerin ve yöneticilerin önemle ilgilendikleri bir konudur. Bu ilgi bilişim teknolojilerinin stratejik değeri ve firma performansına etkisine ilişkin çok sayıda çalışmanın yapılmasını sağlasa da bilişim teknolojileri ve firma performansı arasındaki ilişkiye ait karışık kanıtlar sunan geniş bir literatürün oluşmasına yol açmıştır.Bu çalışmanın amacı öncekilerden farklı olarak bilişim teknolojilerinden beklenen faydalar ile yenilik ve firma performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi gelişmekte olan bir ülkede, Türkiye’de araştırmaktır. Araştırma modeli Türkiye’nin en büyük kuruluşlarının oluşturduğu İSO 1000’de yer alan 123 firmadan elde edilen veriler kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmadaki tüm yapıların geçerliliğinin değerlendirilmesinde keşifsel ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları bilişim teknolojilerinden beklenen faydaların, bilgi, yönetsel ve örgütsel fayda olarak isimlendirilen üçlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Hipotezler yapısal eşitlik analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi sonuçları, bilişim teknolojilerinin faydalarının yenilik performansına doğrudan pozitif etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte bilişim teknolojilerinin sunduğu faydaların firma genel performansına doğrudan etkisi söz konusu değildir. Ancak bilişim teknolojilerinin sağladığı faydaların yenilik performansının aracılık rolü vasıtasıyla firma performansı üzerinde dolaylı etkisinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada yenilik performansının firma genel performansına doğrudan etkisinin bulunduğu da doğrulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilişim Teknolojilerinin Faydaları, Yenilik Performansı, Firma Performansı, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Türkiye

Relationship between Information Technology Benefits, Innovation and Firm Performance

Öz

Today, firms are increasingly finding themselves in a world characterized by globalization, turbulence and complexity. In this environment, the competitiveness of the firm relies less on traditional factors than was true in the past. Information now appears to be replacing traditional factors. This has led to increased importance on information technology IT . Advances in IT have vastly increased firms’ ability to collect, analyze, and disseminate information. Because of the belief that IT has a significant positive impact on organizational performance, firms have been increasing their investments in IT. Understanding the relationship between IT and firm performance has been the subject of considerable interest to researchers and practitioners since the late 1990s. This interest is reflected in the large number of studies examining the strategic value of IT and its impact on firm performance. The extant literature provides confounding evidence of the relationship between IT investments and firm performance. Moreover, results of almost all previous studies are based on data collected in the developed economies. Thus, the findings of previous studies may not be relevant to firms in developing countries. The main aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the potential benefits of IT, innovation and firm performance in a developing economy, in this case Turkey. The research model was tested using data from 123 firms listed in Turkey’s Leading 1000 Industrial Enterprises İSO 1000 database. All the constructs in the study were validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis results showed that the three-factor of benefits of IT; information, managerial and organizational benefits. The data were analyzed using a structural equation analysis. Results of structural equation modeling showed that benefits of IT had a direct, positive effect on innovation performance. IT benefits were not found to directly affect firm performance. IT benefits were found to indirectly affect firm performance through the mediating roles of innovation performance. Additionally, innovation performance was found to directly affect firm performance

Anahtar Kelimeler

Benefits of Information Technologies, Innovation Performance, Firm Performance, Confirmatory Factor

Kaynakça

• Akgün, A.E. and Lynn, G.S. (2002), Antecedents and Consequences of Team Stability on New Product Development Performance, Journal of Engineering Technology Management, 19(3-4), 263−286.
• Anandarajan M., Anandarajan A. and Wen H.J. (1998), Extranets: A Tool for Cost Control in a Value Chain Framework, Industrial Management and Data Systems, 98(3), 120−128.
• Barczak, G., Sultan, F. and Hultnik, E.J. (2007), Determinants of IT Usage and New Product Performance, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 24(6), 600−613.
• BenTov, S. (2001), Using IT for Competitive Advantage: A Case Study, Information Strategy: The Executive’s Journal, 17(4), 24−28.
• Berndt, E.R. and Morrison, C.J. (1994), Assessing the Productivity of Information Technology Equipment in the U.S. Manufacturing Industries, National Bureau of Economic, Research Working Paper 3582.
• Bharadwaj, A. (2000), A Resource−Based Perspective on Information Technology Capability and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation, MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 169–196.
• Bharadwaj, A.S., Bharadwaj, S.G. and Konsynski, B.R. (1999), Information technology effects on firm performance as measured by Tobin's q, Management Science, 45(6), 1008−1024.
• Boyer, K.K, Leong, G.K., Ward, P.T. and Krajewski, L. (1997), Unlocking the Potential of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Journal of Operation Management, 15(4), 331–347.
• Bresnahan, T.F., Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L.M. (2002), Information Technology, Workplace Organization and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm−Level Evidence, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(1), 339–376.
• Brynjolfson, E. (1993), The Productivity Paradox of Information Technology, Communications of the ACM, 36(12), 67–77.
• Bülbül, H. (2011), A Taxonomy of Manufacturing Strategies: A Study of the Turkish Automotive Industry, African Journal of Business Management, 5(6), 2322–2335.
• Bülbül, H., Ömürbek, N., Paksoy, T. and Bektaş T. (2013), An Empirical Investigation of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Investment Patterns: Evidence from a Developing Country, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 30(2), 136–156.
• Campo, S., Rubio, N. and Yagüe, M.J. (2010), Information Technology Use and Firm's Perceived Performance in Supply Chain Management, Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 17(4), 336−364.
• Carr, N.G. (2003), IT doesn’t Matter, Harvard Business Review, 81(5), 41–49.
• Cats-Baril, W. and Thomson, R.L. (1997), Information Technology and Management, Chicago: Irwin Inc.
• Chan, P.S. and Land, C. (1999), Implementing Reengineering Using Information Technology, Business Process Management Journal, 5(4), 311−324.
• Choe, J-M. (2003), The Effect of Environmental Uncertainty and Strategic Applications of IS on a Firm’s Performance, Information and Management, 40(4), 257−268.
• Choi, B. and Lee, H. (2003), An Empirical Investigation of KM Styles and Their Effect on Corporate Performance, Information and Management, 40(5), 403–417.
• Curkovic, S., Vickery, S. and Droge, C. (2000), Quality-Related Action Programs: Their Impact on Quality Performance and Firm Performance, Decision Sciences, 31(4), 885−905.
• Davenport, T.H. (1993), Process Innovation: Reengineering Work Through Information Technology, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
• DeGroote, S.E. and Marx, T.G. (2013), The Impact of IT on Supply Chain Agility and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation, International Journal of Information Management, 33(6), 909−916.
• Demirer, Ö. ve Bülbül, H. (2014), Kamu ve Özel Hastanelerde Hizmet Kalitesi, Hasta Tatmini ve Tercihi Arasındaki İlişki: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 47(2), 95–119.
• Dowlatshahi, S. and Cao, Q. (2006), The Relationships among Virtual Enterprise, Information Technology, and Business Performance in Agile Manufacturing: An Industry Perspective, European Journal of Operational Research, 174(2), 835–860.
• Duh, R-R., Chow, C.W. and Chen, H. (2006), Strategy, IT Applications for Planning and Control, and Firm Performance: the Impact of Impediments to IT Implementation, Information and Management, 43(8), 939–949.
• Dunn, J.R. and Varano, M.W. (1999), Leveraging Web−Based Information Systems, Information Systems Management, 16(4), 60−69.
• Durmuşoğlu, S.S. and Barczak, G. (2011), The Use of Information Technology Tools in New Product Development Phases: Analysis of Effects on New Product Innovativeness, Quality, and Market Performance, Industrial Marketing Management, 40(2), 321–330.
• Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981), Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
• Hair, J.F.Jr., Andreson ,R.E., Tahtam, R.L., Black, W.C. (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey.
• Hitt, L.M. and Brynjolfsson, E. (1996), Productivity, Business Profitability and Consumer Surplus: Three Different Measures of IT Value, MIS Quarterly, 20(2), 121−142.
• Jonsson, P. (2000), An Empirical Taxonomy of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 20(12), 1446−1474.
• Khallaf, A. (2012), Information Technology Investments and Nonfinancial Measures: A Research Framework, Accounting Forum, 36(2), 109–121.
• Kivijarvi, H. and Saarinen, T. (1995), Investment in Information Systems and the Financial Performance of the Firm, Information and Management, 28(2), 143–163.
• Kök, S.B. (2006), Bilişim Teknolojilerinin Yönetsel ve Örgütsel Etkileri. Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 123−140.
• Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P. (1996), Management Information Systems: Organization and Technology, Fourth Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Lee, B. and Menon, N. (2000), Information Technology Value through Different Normative Lenses, Journal of Management Information Systems, 16(4), 99–119.
• Li, M. and Ye, L.R. (1999), Information Technology and Firm Performance: Linking with Environmental, Strategic and Managerial Contexts, Information and Management, 35(1), 43−51.
• Love, P.E.D. and Irani, Z. (2004), An Exploratory Study of Information Technology Evaluation and Benefits Management Practices of SMEs in the Construction Industry, Information & Management, 42(1), 227–242.
• Lucas, H.C. (1999), Information Technology and the Productivity Paradox: Assessing the Value of Investing in IT, Oxford University Press, New York.
• Lynn, G.S., Richard, B.S. and Kate, D.A. (1999), Practices that Support Team Learning and Their Impact on Speed to Market and New Product Success, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 16(5), 439−454.
• Nevo, S. and Wade, M. (2011), Firm-level Benefits of IT-enabled Resources: A Conceptual Extension and an Empirical Assessment, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 20(4), 403–418.
• O’Brein, J.A. (1994), Introduction to Information Systems, 7th Edition, Boston: Irwin.
• Özer, M. (2000), Information Technology and New Product Development: Opportunities and Pitfalls, Industrial Marketing Management, 29(5), 387−396.
• Powell, T.C. and Dent-Micallef, A. (1997), Information Technology as Competitive Advantage: The Role of Human, Business and Technology Resources, Strategic Management Journal, 18(5), 375−405.
• Rodger, J.A., Pendharkar, P.C. and Paper, D.J. (1999), Management of Information Technology and Quality Performance in Health Care Facilities, International Journal of Applied Quality Management, 2(2), 251–269.
• Samson, D. and Terziovski, M. (1999), The Relationship between Total Quality Management Practices and Operational Performance, Journal of Operations Management, 17(4), 77−95.
• Sanchez, A.M. and Perez, M.P. (2005), Supply Chain Flexibility and Firm Performance, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 25(7), 681−700.
• Sanchez-Rodriguez, C., Dewhurst, F.W. and Martinez−Lorente, A.R. (2006), IT Use in Supporting TQM Initiatives: An Empirical Investigation, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 26(5), 486−504.
• Schultheis, R. and Sumner, M. (1995), Management Information Systems: The Manager’s View, 3rd Edition, Chicago: Irwin.
• Sethi, V. and King, W.R. (1994), Development of Measurers to Assess the Extent to which an Information Technology Application Provides Competitive Advantage, Management Science, 40(12), 1601−1627.
• Shah, R. and Shin, H. (2007), Relationships among Information Technology, Inventory, and Profitability: An Investigation of Level Invariance Using Sector Level Data, Journal of Operations Management, 25(4), 768–784.
• Storey, C. and Easingwood, C.J. (1999), Types of New Product Performance: Evidence from the Consumer Financial Services Sector, Journal of Business Research, 46(2), 193−203.
• Strassmann, P.A. (1997), Computers have Yet to Make Companies more Productive, Computerworld, 31(37), 92.
• Stratopoulos, T. and Dehning, B. (2000), Does Successful Investment in Information Technology Solve the Productivity Paradox?, Information and Management, 38(2), 103−117.
• Sutton, S. (2010), A research Discipline with no Boundaries: Reflections on 20 Years of Defining AIS Research, International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 11(4), 289–296.
• Şimşek, Ö.F. (2007), Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Temel İlkeler ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayınları.
• Tekin, M., Güleş, H.K. ve Burgess, T. (2000), Değişen Dünyada Teknoloji Yönetimi: Bilişim Teknolojileri, Konya: Damla Ofset.
• Vlosky, R.P., Fontenot, R. and Blalock, L. (2000), Extranets: Impacts on Business Practices and Relationships, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 15(6), 438−457.
• Weill, P. (1992), The Relationship between Investment in Information Technology and Firm Performance: A Study of the Valve Manufacturing Sector, Information Systems Research, 3(4), 307−333.