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Güveni Nasıl Tanımlayabiliriz? Ya Da Sosyal Bilimlerin Konusu Olarak Güven

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 41, 46 - 59, 01.02.2019

Öz

Öz. Güven duygusu, toplumsal ilişkilerin temelinde bulunan önemli bir rezervdir. Gündelik yaşamımızda, hayatımızın büyük dönemeçlerinde, zor zamanlarda ve daha birçok olağan ve olağanüstü durumlarda güven, sosyal ilişkileri düzenleyen temel belirleyici bir güç haline gelebilmektedir. Güven konusu, bazı felsefecilerin veya düşünürlerin kısmen ilgilenmesinin dışında, yaklaşık yarım asırdan bu yana sosyoloji, psikoloji, siyaset bilimi ve ekonomi gibi bazı disiplinlerin ilgisine mazhar olmuştur. Ayrıca güven konusu Avrupa ve Amerika’da sosyal bilimlerin önemli bir konusu haline gelmiş ve güven ile ilgili geniş bir literatür oluşmuştur. Güven kavramına ilişkin çeşitli disiplinlerde zengin bir bilimsel birikim oluşsa da, güvenin tanımı konusunda güven teorisyenlerinin üzerinde mutabık kaldığı bir tanım bulunmamaktadır. Sosyal bilimlerde yapısal ve işlevsel nitelikleriyle ele alınan ve daha çok farkındalık düzeyimizin artmasına neden olan güven, esasen kişilerin birbirleriyle kurduğu her tür ilişkilerin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Kaldı ki insan, her şeye güvenebilir. Canlı olmayan nesneler, sistemler, kurumlar veya süreçler, kişinin güvendiği ya da güven duymadığı varlıklardır.Güvenin birçok çeşidinden söz etmek mümkündür. Bu çeşitlilik, güvenin var olduğu düşünülen ortamdaki durumuna, yoğunluğuna ve yönelişine göre değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada güvenin çeşitleri olan, sosyal güven, kısmi spesifik güven ve siyasal güven konularına değinilecektir. Sosyal güven, sosyal sistemin devamını sağlayan, kurumları ve sosyal yapıları koruma işlevi gören, sosyal bütünleşmeyi inşa eden, sosyal ve ekonomik değişimlere ve siyasal yaşama olan güveni tesis eden temel bir bileşendir. Kısacası sosyal güven, bir toplumsal yapının bütünleştirici gücü ve güçlü bir sosyalleştirme aracıdır. Bu bağlamda sosyal güven; farklı etnik, dini, sınıfsal, dilsel ve kültürel niteliklerin merkeze alınmayarak kişilerin, diğerlerini tanımasalar dahi, aynı toplumu paylaştığı insanlara güvenmesi şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Kısmi veya özelleştirilmiş güven particularized trust ise, yabancılara şüpheyle bakıldığı ve onlara güvenilmediği, kişinin sadece kendinden olanlara duyduğu güven olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kısmi güvenin kapsamı; aileyi, arkadaşları, komşuları ve iş arkadaşlarını içerisine almaktadır. Çünkü bu kişiler, kişisel olarak yakinen tanıdığımız ve sağlam bağlara sahip olduğumuz insanlardır. Siyasal güven ise, bireyin siyasi lider, hükümet, siyasi kurumlar ve üretilen politikalar hakkında bilgi sahibi olmasıyla bu faktörlerin bireyin iç dünyasındaki karşılığına göre bir duygu üretme sürecidir. Bu süreç sonrasında bilgiyle beraber duygunun da eklenmesiyle bir yargıya ya da düşünceye dönüşür.

Kaynakça

  • AKGÜN, Birol, (2001), “Türkiye'de Siyasal Güven: Nedenleri ve Sonuçları”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, s. 56/4, ss. 1-23
  • AKTAY, Yasin, (2011), Karizma Zamanları: 28 Şubat’tan 27 Nisan’a AK Parti ve Türk Siyasetine Karizma Sosyolojisi Açısından Bir Yaklaşım, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları
  • ALMOND, Gabriel, VERBA, Sidney, (1989), The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, California: Sage Publications.
  • ALVER, Köksal, (2010), Siteril Hayatlar: Kentte Mekansal Ayrışma ve Güvenlikli Siteler, 2. Baskı, Ankara: Hece Yayınları
  • ARANCIBIA, Carolina S., (2008), Political Trust in Latin America, University of Michigan (unpublished dissertation thesis), Michigan.
  • BAHRY, Dona, vd., (2005), “Ethnicity and Trust: Evidence from Russia”, The American Political Science Review, vol. 99/4, p. 521-532.
  • BECKER, Lawrence C., (1996), “Trust as Noncognitive Security About Motives”, Ethics, vol. 107/1, p. 43-61.
  • BECKER, Amy B., (2011), “Political Humor as Democratic Relief? The Effects of Exposure to Comedy and Straight News on Trust and Efficacy”, Atlantic Journal of Communication, vol. 19, p. 235-250.
  • BOWLER, Shaun, KARP, Jeffrey A., (2004), “Politicians, Scandals, and Trust in Government”, Political Behavior, vol. 26/3, p. 271-287.
  • CHEEMA, G. Shabbir, (2010), “Building Trust in Government: An Introduction”, Building Trust in Government: Innovations in Governance Reform in Asia, Ed. G. S. Cheema & V. Popovski, New York: United Nations University Press, p. 1-22.
  • CITRIN, Jack, (1974), “Comment: The Political Relevance of Trust in Government”, The American Political Science Review, vol. 68/3, p. 973-988.
  • COLEMAN, James S., (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 94, p. 95-120.
  • COLEMAN, James S., (1990), Foundations of Social Theory, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • CRAIG, Weylan W., (2006), General Social Trust and Political Trust Within Social and Political Groups: A Case Study, University of Central Florida (unpublished master thesis), Orlando, Florida.
  • DALTON, Russell J., (1999), “Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies”, Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance, Ed. Pippa Norris, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 57-77.
  • DALTON, Russell J., (2005), “The Social Transformation of Trust in Government”, International Review of Sociology, vol. 15/1, p. 133-154.
  • DELHEY, Jan, NEWTON, Kenneth, (2003), “Who Trusts: The Origins of Social Trust in Seven Nations”, European Societies, vol. 5, p. 93-137.
  • DEMİR, Ömer; ACAR, Mustafa, (2002), Sosyal Bilimler Sözlüğü, 3. Baskı, Ankara: Vadi Yayınları
  • DEMİR, Ömer, (2013), Din Ekonomisi: İnanç, Zenginlik ve Mutluluk, Ankara: Sentez Yayıncılık
  • EASTON, David, (1957), “An Approach to the Analysis of Political Systems”, World Politics, vol. 9/3, p. 383-400.
  • EASTON, David, (1965), A System Analysis of Political Life, New York: Wiley Press.
  • EASTON, David, (1975), “A Re-Assessment of The Concept of Political Support”, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 5/4, p. 435-457.
  • FARRELL, Henry, (2009), The Political Economy of Trust: Institutions, Interests, and Inter-Firm Cooperation in Italy and Germany, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • FITZGERALD, Carey J., WICKWIRE, John H., (2012), “Religion and Political Affiliation’s Influence on Trust and Reciprocity among Strangers”, Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, Vol. 6/2, p. 158-180.
  • FUKUYAMA, Francis, (2005), Güven: Sosyal Erdemler ve Refahın Yaratılması, (çev. A. Buğdaycı), 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • FUKUYAMA, Francis, (2009), Büyük Çözülme: İnsan Doğası ve Toplumsal Düzenin Yeniden Oluşturulması, (çev. Hasan Kaya), 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Profil Yayıncılık
  • GAMBETTA, Diego, (2011), “Güven”, Sosyolojik Düşünce Sözlüğü, Haz. M. Borlandi vd., Çev. B. Arıbaş, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, s. 321-324.
  • GELLNER, Ernest, (1988), “Trust, Cohesion, and the Social Order”, Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations, (Ed. D. Gambetta), Cambridge: Basil Blackwell, p. 142-157.
  • GIDDENS, Anthony, (1998), Modernliğin Sonuçları, (çev. Ersin Kuşdil), 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
  • GÖKÇE, Gülise, (2010), “Türkiye'de Kurumlara Güvenin Yapısı ve Gelişimi”, Türk Kamu Yönetiminin Yapısal ve İşlevsel Sorunları/V. Kamu Yönetimi Sempozyumu, (Ed. O. Gökçe ve M. A. Çukurçayır), Konya, s. 167-176
  • HANSEN, S. Welling, (2012), “Polity Size and Local Political Trust: A Quasi-experiment Using Municipal Mergers in Denmark”, Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 36/1, p. 43-66.
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How Can We Define Trust? or Trust as the Subject of Social Sciences

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 41, 46 - 59, 01.02.2019

Öz

The sense of trust is an important reserve on the basis of social relations. Trust can become a decisive force regulating social relations when in our everyday life, on the great turns of our lives, in difficult times and in many ordinary and extraordinary situations. Trust, outside the interest of some philosophers or thinkers, has been a topic of interest to some disciplines such as sociology, psychology, political science and economics since about half a century ago. In addition, trust has become an important topic of social science in Europe and America and ıt has emerged a wide range of literature on trust. Although there is a rich scientific accumulation in the various disciplines related to the concept of trust, there is no definition agreed by trust theorists about the definition of trust. In social sciences, trust, which is treated with structural and functional qualities and which leads to an increase in our level of awareness, is at the center of all kinds of relations that people establish with each other. Besides, people can trust everything. Persons do not trust or trust in non-living objects, systems, institutions, or processes. It is possible to talk about many kinds of trust. This diversity varies depending on the situation, density and direction of the area that is believed to exist. In this study, it will be addressed that the types of trust such as social trust, partial trust and political trust. Social trust is a fundamental component that provides the continuation of the social system, functions as an institution and protects social structures, builds social cohesion, establishes social and economic exchanges and confidence in political life. In short, social trust is the integrative power of a social structure and a powerful socialization tool. In this context, social trust; can be defined as the trust of people who share the same society, even if they do not recognize others, by not taking different ethnic, religious, class, linguistic and cultural qualities. Particularized trust is defined as the trust that one has in the person who is suspicious of strangers and who is only self. Particularized trust includes family, friends, neighbors and colleagues. Because these people are people we know personally and have strong ties. Political trust is the process by which an individual has knowledge of political leaders, governments, political institutions, and produced politics, and these factors generate emotion according to the individual's inner-world. After this process, it becomes a judgment or a thought by adding sensation together with knowledge

Kaynakça

  • AKGÜN, Birol, (2001), “Türkiye'de Siyasal Güven: Nedenleri ve Sonuçları”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, s. 56/4, ss. 1-23
  • AKTAY, Yasin, (2011), Karizma Zamanları: 28 Şubat’tan 27 Nisan’a AK Parti ve Türk Siyasetine Karizma Sosyolojisi Açısından Bir Yaklaşım, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları
  • ALMOND, Gabriel, VERBA, Sidney, (1989), The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, California: Sage Publications.
  • ALVER, Köksal, (2010), Siteril Hayatlar: Kentte Mekansal Ayrışma ve Güvenlikli Siteler, 2. Baskı, Ankara: Hece Yayınları
  • ARANCIBIA, Carolina S., (2008), Political Trust in Latin America, University of Michigan (unpublished dissertation thesis), Michigan.
  • BAHRY, Dona, vd., (2005), “Ethnicity and Trust: Evidence from Russia”, The American Political Science Review, vol. 99/4, p. 521-532.
  • BECKER, Lawrence C., (1996), “Trust as Noncognitive Security About Motives”, Ethics, vol. 107/1, p. 43-61.
  • BECKER, Amy B., (2011), “Political Humor as Democratic Relief? The Effects of Exposure to Comedy and Straight News on Trust and Efficacy”, Atlantic Journal of Communication, vol. 19, p. 235-250.
  • BOWLER, Shaun, KARP, Jeffrey A., (2004), “Politicians, Scandals, and Trust in Government”, Political Behavior, vol. 26/3, p. 271-287.
  • CHEEMA, G. Shabbir, (2010), “Building Trust in Government: An Introduction”, Building Trust in Government: Innovations in Governance Reform in Asia, Ed. G. S. Cheema & V. Popovski, New York: United Nations University Press, p. 1-22.
  • CITRIN, Jack, (1974), “Comment: The Political Relevance of Trust in Government”, The American Political Science Review, vol. 68/3, p. 973-988.
  • COLEMAN, James S., (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 94, p. 95-120.
  • COLEMAN, James S., (1990), Foundations of Social Theory, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • CRAIG, Weylan W., (2006), General Social Trust and Political Trust Within Social and Political Groups: A Case Study, University of Central Florida (unpublished master thesis), Orlando, Florida.
  • DALTON, Russell J., (1999), “Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies”, Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance, Ed. Pippa Norris, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 57-77.
  • DALTON, Russell J., (2005), “The Social Transformation of Trust in Government”, International Review of Sociology, vol. 15/1, p. 133-154.
  • DELHEY, Jan, NEWTON, Kenneth, (2003), “Who Trusts: The Origins of Social Trust in Seven Nations”, European Societies, vol. 5, p. 93-137.
  • DEMİR, Ömer; ACAR, Mustafa, (2002), Sosyal Bilimler Sözlüğü, 3. Baskı, Ankara: Vadi Yayınları
  • DEMİR, Ömer, (2013), Din Ekonomisi: İnanç, Zenginlik ve Mutluluk, Ankara: Sentez Yayıncılık
  • EASTON, David, (1957), “An Approach to the Analysis of Political Systems”, World Politics, vol. 9/3, p. 383-400.
  • EASTON, David, (1965), A System Analysis of Political Life, New York: Wiley Press.
  • EASTON, David, (1975), “A Re-Assessment of The Concept of Political Support”, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 5/4, p. 435-457.
  • FARRELL, Henry, (2009), The Political Economy of Trust: Institutions, Interests, and Inter-Firm Cooperation in Italy and Germany, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • FITZGERALD, Carey J., WICKWIRE, John H., (2012), “Religion and Political Affiliation’s Influence on Trust and Reciprocity among Strangers”, Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, Vol. 6/2, p. 158-180.
  • FUKUYAMA, Francis, (2005), Güven: Sosyal Erdemler ve Refahın Yaratılması, (çev. A. Buğdaycı), 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
  • FUKUYAMA, Francis, (2009), Büyük Çözülme: İnsan Doğası ve Toplumsal Düzenin Yeniden Oluşturulması, (çev. Hasan Kaya), 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Profil Yayıncılık
  • GAMBETTA, Diego, (2011), “Güven”, Sosyolojik Düşünce Sözlüğü, Haz. M. Borlandi vd., Çev. B. Arıbaş, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, s. 321-324.
  • GELLNER, Ernest, (1988), “Trust, Cohesion, and the Social Order”, Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations, (Ed. D. Gambetta), Cambridge: Basil Blackwell, p. 142-157.
  • GIDDENS, Anthony, (1998), Modernliğin Sonuçları, (çev. Ersin Kuşdil), 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
  • GÖKÇE, Gülise, (2010), “Türkiye'de Kurumlara Güvenin Yapısı ve Gelişimi”, Türk Kamu Yönetiminin Yapısal ve İşlevsel Sorunları/V. Kamu Yönetimi Sempozyumu, (Ed. O. Gökçe ve M. A. Çukurçayır), Konya, s. 167-176
  • HANSEN, S. Welling, (2012), “Polity Size and Local Political Trust: A Quasi-experiment Using Municipal Mergers in Denmark”, Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 36/1, p. 43-66.
  • HARDIN, Russell, (1993), “The Street-Level Epistemology of Trust”, Politics & Society, vol. 21/4, p. 505-529.
  • HARDIN, Russell, (1998), “Trust in Government”, Trust and Governance, Ed. V. Braithwaite & M. Levi, New York: Russel Sage Foundation, p. 9-27.
  • HARDIN, Russell, (1999), “Do We Want Trust in Government”, Democracy and Trust, Ed. Mark E. Warren, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 23-41.
  • HARDIN, Russell, (2002b), Trust and Trustworthiness, New York: Russel Sage Foundation Press.
  • HARDIN, Russell, (2006), Trust, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • HERREROS, Francisco, (2004), The Problem of Forming Social Capital: Why Trust?, New York: Palgrave Macmillan Publishing.
  • HETHERINGTON, Marc J., (1998), “The Political Relevance of Political Trust”, The American Political Science Review, vol. 92/4, p. 791-808.
  • HETHERINGTON, Marc J., GLOBETTI, Suzanne, (2002), “Political Trust and Racial Policy Preferences”, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 46/2, p. 253-275.
  • HETHERINGTON, Marc J., RUDOLPH, Thomas J., (2008), “Priming, Performance, and the Dynamics of Political Trust”, The Journal of Politics, Vol. 70/2, p. 498-512.
  • HETHERINGTON, Marc J., HUSSER, Jason A., (2012), “How Trust Matters: The Changing Political Relevance of Political Trust”, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 56/2, p. 312-325.
  • HOOGHE, Marc, ZMERLI, Sonja, (2011), “Introduction: The Context of Political Trust”, Political Trust: Why Context Matters, Ed. M. Hooghe & S. Zmerli, United Kingdom: Ecpr Press, p. 1-11.
  • HOOGHE, Marc, vd., (2012), “The Cognitive Basis of Trust. The Relation Between Education, Cognitive Ability, and Generalized and Political Trust”, Intelligence, vol. 40, p. 604-613.
  • İNAM, Ahmet, (2003), “Her şeyin Başı Güven”, Sosyal Bilimlerde Güven, (Ed. F. Erdem), Ankara: Vadi Yayınları
  • KAASE, Max, (1999), “Interpersonal Trust, Political Trust, and Non-institutionalised Political Participation in Western Europe”, West European Politics, vol. 22/3, p. 1-21.
  • KAINA, Viktoria, (2008), “Declining Trust in Elites and Why We Should Worry About It-With Empirical Evidence from Germany”, Government and Opposition, vol. 43/3, p. 405-423.
  • KORCZYNSKI, Marek, (2003), “Güvenin Ekonomi Politiği”, (Çev. Ş. Erdem), Sosyal Bilimlerde Güven, (Ed. F. Erdem), Ankara: Vadi Yayınları
  • KUMLIN, Staffan, (2004), The Personal And The Political: How Personal Welfare State Experiences Affect Political Trust And Ideology, New York: Palgrave Macmillan Publishing.
  • LAURIAN, Lucie, (2009), “Trust in Planning: Theoretical and Practical Considerations for Participatory and Deliberative Planning”, Planning Theory & Practice, vol. 10/3, p. 369-391.
  • LENARD, P. Tamara, (2008), “Trust Your Compatriots, But Count Your Change: The Roles of Trust, Mistrust and Distrust in Democracy”, Political Studies, vol. 56, p. 312-332.
  • MANGUM, Maruice, (2012), “Explaning African-American Political Trust: Examining Psychological Involvement, Policy Satisfaction, and Reference Group Effects”, International Social Science Review, vol. 87/1-2, p. 3-18.
  • MARIEN, Sofie ve HOOGHE, Marc, (2011), “Does Political Trust Matter? An Empirical Investigation into the Relation Between Political Trust and Support for Law Compliance”, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 50, p. 267-291.
  • MARSHALL, Gordon, (2005), Sosyoloji Sözlüğü, (Çev. O. Akınhay ve D. Kömürcü), Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları
  • McALLISTER, Daniel J., (1995), “Affect –and Cognition- Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations”, The Academy of Management Journal, vol. 38/1, p. 24-59.
  • MEIKLE-YAW, Paulette, (2008), “Democracy Satisfaction: The Role of Interpersonal Trust”, Community Development, vol. 39/2, p. 36-51.
  • MILLER, Alan S., MITAMURA, Tomoko, (2003), “Are Surveys on Trust Trustworthy”, Social Psychology Quarterly, vol. 66/1, p. 62-70.
  • MILLER, Arthur H., (1974a), “Political Issues and Trust in Government: 1964-1970”, The American Political Science Review, vol. 68/3, p. 951-972.
  • MILLER, Arthur H., (1974b), “Rejoinder to ‘Comment’ by Jack Citrin: Political Discontent or Ritualism?”, The American Political Science Review, vol. 68/3, p. 989-1001.
  • MILLER, Arthur H., LISTHAUG, Ola, (1990), “Political Parties and Confidence in Government: A Comparison of Norway, Sweden and the United States”, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 20/3, p. 357-386.
  • MILLER, Arthur H., LISTHAUG, Ola, (1999), “Political Performance and Institutional Trust”, Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance, Ed. Pippa Norris, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 204-216.
  • MÖLLERING, Guido, (2001), “The Nature of Trust: From Georg Simmel to A Theory of Expectation, Interpretation and Suspension”, Sociology, vol. 35/2, p. 403-420.
  • MULLER, Edward N., JUKAM, Thomas O., SELIGSON, Mitchell A., (1982), “Diffuse Political Support and Antisystem Political Behavior: A Comparative Analysis”, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 26/2, p. 240-264.
  • NEWTON, Kenneth, (2001), “Trust, Social Capital, Civil Society, and Democracy”, International Political Science Review, vol. 22/2, p. 201-214.
  • NOOTEBOOM, Bart, SIX, Frederique (Ed.), (2003), The Trust Process in Organizations: Empirical Studies of The Determinants and The Process of Trust Development, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • NORRIS, Pippa, (1999c), “Institutional Explanations for Political Support”, Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance, Ed. Pippa Norris, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 217-235.
  • O’HARA, Kieron, (2004), Trust: From Socrates to Spin, Cambridge: Icon Books Press.
  • PUTNAM, Robert D., (1995), “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital”, Journal of Democracy, vol. 6/1, p. 65-78.
  • ROBBINS, Blaine G., (2012), “A Blessing and A Curse? Political Institutions in the Growth and Decay of Generalized Trust: A Cross-National Panel Analysis, 1980-2009”, PLoS ONE, vol. 7/4, Italy, p. 1-14.
  • ROSANVALLON, Pierre, (2008), Counter-Democracy: Politics in An Age of Distrust, Trans. A. Goldhammer, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • ROTHSTEIN, Bo, (2005), Social Traps and The Problem of Trust, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • SARGUT, A. Selami, (2003), “Kurumsal Alanlardaki Örgüt Yapılarının Oluşmasında ve Ekonomik İşlemlerin Yürütülmesinde Güvenin Rolü”, Sosyal Bilimlerde Güven, (Ed. F. Erdem), Ankara: Vadi Yayınları
  • SELIGMAN, Adam B., (1997), The Problem of Trust, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • SIMMEL, Georg, (1950), The Sociology of Georg Simmel, Trans. & Ed. Kurt H. Wolff, New York: Free Press.
  • SOLOMON, Robert C., FLORES, Fernando, (2001), Building Trust in Business, Politics, Relationships, and Life, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • SUNDERLAND, David, (2007), Social Capital, Trust, and The Industrial Revolution, 1780-1880, London & New York: Routledge.
  • SZTOMPKA, Piotr, (1999), Trust: A Sociological Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • SZTOMPKA, Piotr, (2006), “Trust”, The Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology, Ed. Bryan S. Turner, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 639-642.
  • TECİM, Erhan, (2011), Sosyal Güven: Sosyal Sermaye ve Dindarlık Çalışması, Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi
  • USLANER, Eric, (2002), The Moral Foundations of Trust, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • USLANER, Eric M., (2004), “Trust and Social Bonds: Faith in Others and Policy Outcomes Reconsidered”, Political Research Quarterly, vol. 57/3, p. 501-507.
  • USLANER, Eric M., (2008a), “Trust As A Moral Value”, The Handbook of Social Capital, Ed. D. Castiglione, vd., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 101-121.
  • USLANER, Eric M., (2008b), “Where You Stand Depends Upon Where Your Grandparents Sat/The Inheritability of Generalized Trust”, Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 72/4, p. 725-740.
  • USLANER Eric M., (2009), “Corruption”, The Handbook of Social Capital: The Troika of Sociology, Political Science and Economics, Ed. G. T. Svendsen & G. L. H. Svendsen, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 127-142.
  • VIKLUND, Mattias J., (2003), “Trust and Risk Perception in Western Europe: A Cross-National Study”, Risk Analysis, vol. 23/4, p. 727-738.
  • WEATHERFORD, M. Stephen, (1987), “How Does Government Performance Influence Political Support”, Political Behavior, vol. 9/1, p. 5-28.
  • WILLIAMSON, Oliver E., (1993), “Calculativeness, Trust, and Economic Organization”, Journal of Law and Economics, vol. 36/1/2, p. 453-486.
  • WONG, Timothy Ka-ying, vd., (2011), “The Bases of Political Trust in Six Asian Societies: Institutional and Cultural Explanations Compared”, International Political Science Review, vol. 32/3, p. 263/281.
  • YAMAGISHI, Toshio, (2001), “Trust as a Form of Social Intelligence”, Trust in Society, Ed. K. S. Cook, Russel Sage Foundation Press, p. 121-147.
  • YANG, Kaifeng, (2005), “Public Administrators’ Trust in Citizens: A Missing Link in Citizen Involvement Efforts”, Public Administration Review, vol. 65/3, p. 273-285.
  • ZMERLI, Sonja, NEWTON, Kenneth, (2008), “Social Trust and Attitudes Toward Democracy”, Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 72/4, p. 706-724.
  • ZMERLI, Sonja, NEWTON, Ken, (2011), “Winners, Losers and Three Types of Trust”, Political Trust: Why Context Matters, Ed. M. Hooghe & S. Zmerli, United Kingdom: Ecpr Press, p. 67-94.
Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

İslam Can Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 41

Kaynak Göster

APA Can, İ. (2019). Güveni Nasıl Tanımlayabiliriz? Ya Da Sosyal Bilimlerin Konusu Olarak Güven. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(41), 46-59.


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