Teorik Makale
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The Idea of International System in International Politics

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 50, 89 - 105, 29.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1220091

Öz

System theories have been occupied the agenda of both sociology and international politics since the divergence in social sciences. Morton Kaplan is the first political scientist substantially examines system theory in the framework of behavioralist perspectives whilst opposing traditionalist theorists. Whereas Hedley Bull who was the main figures developed the concept of order. Barry Buzan and Richard Little introduce an alternative approach to systemic theories by focusing of international history. Kenneth Waltz presents a macro perspective in use international politics. He successfully explains Cold War condition of world politics. However, constructivist understanding in international politics bring about agent-structure debate in explanation of post-cold war in the world affairs. The constructivism is not aimed at writing of a political history but explain the dynamics of change and continuity of international system. On the one hand, Ernst Haas’s systemic approach explores the role of international organization which plays effective role in the system. He considers that international organization is that one of the components of current international system, but not helpful in writing of political history. One of the successful attempts has been made by Richard Resocrance in writing of history of international system.

Kaynakça

  • Arı, T. (1990). Morton A. Kaplan ve uluslararası politikada sistem yaklaşımı. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1-2), 103-118.
  • Bull H. (1969). “International Theory: The Case for a Classical Approach”, in Knorr, Klaus and Rosenau, James (eds.), Contending Approaches to International Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), pp. 20–38.
  • Bull, H. (2012). The anarchical society: a study of order in world politics. Macmillan international Higher education.
  • Bull, H., & Watson, A. (1984). The expansion of international society.
  • Buzan, B., & Little, R. (1994). The idea of" international system": theory meets history. International Political Science Review, 15(3), 231-255.
  • Buzan, B., & Little, R. (2000). International systems in world history: remaking the study of international relations.
  • David Singer, J. (1961). The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations. World Politics, 14(1), 77-92. doi:10.2307/2009557
  • Demirli, E. (2009). İslam metafiziğinde tanrı ve insan: İbnü'l Arabî ve vahdet-i vücûd geleneği. Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Easton, David (1965). The Political System.(New York: Alfred A.Knopf,İnc.Sa:96-97.
  • Edubirdie. (2022) Adam And Eve In Paradise Lost.(February 17). Edubirdie. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://edubirdie.com/examples/adam-and-eve-in-paradise-lost/
  • Finnemore, M. (2013). The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force.
  • Haas, E. B. (2004). The uniting of Europe: Political, social, and economic forces 1950-1957. Notre Dame, Ind: Univ. of Notre Dame Press.
  • Haas, E. B. (2008). Beyond the nation state: Functionalism and international organization. ECPR Press.
  • Haas, E. B., & Haas, P. M. (2008). Beyond the nation-state: Functionalism and international organization. Colchester, UK: European Consortium for Political Research Press.
  • Kaplan, M. A. (1957). System and process in international politics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Kaplan, M. A. (1966), 'The New Great Debate: Traditionalism vs. Science in International Relations', World Politics, 19 October, 1-20
  • Kennedy, P. M. (2017). The rise and fall of the great powers: Economic change and military conflict from 1500-2000.
  • Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (2001). Power and independence. New York: Longman.
  • Marion, J. Levy, (1952). The Structure of Society (Princiton: Princiton Üniversity Press.Sa:57.
  • Martindale, Don (1965). Functionalism in Social Sciences. Philedelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science. Sa:150-151.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2012). The tragedy of great power politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Milton, J. (2005). Paradise Lost, ed. Philip Pullman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 107, 15.
  • Rosecrance, R. N. (1963). Action And Reaction In World Politics International Systems In Perspective.
  • Rosecrance, R. N. (1977). Action and reaction in world politics: International systems in perspective. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
  • Şenel, Muzaffer (2017) İngiliz Okulu’nun Düzen Kavramı ve Avrupa Birliği Uluslararası Düzeni 1992-2009, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Waltz, K. (2018). Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/walt18804.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2010). Theory of international politics. Reading, Mass: Waveland Pr Inc.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2010). Theory of international politics. Waveland Press.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1967). Foreign Policy and Democratic Politics: The American and British Experience. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
  • Watson, A. (2009). The Evolution of International Society: A Comparative Historical Analysis Reissue with a new introduction by Barry Buzan and Richard Little. Routledge.
  • Weltman, J. J. (1972). Systems Theory in International Relations: A Critique. Polity, 4(3), 301–329. https://doi.org/10.2307/3233964
  • Weltman, John J. (1973). System Theory in International Relations: A Stuy in Metaphoric Hyperthrophy. Lexington Brooks. D. C. Heath and Company Lexington, Massachusetts, Toronto, London. Page.1.
  • Yoldaş, Y. (2004). İşlevsel-yapisal sistem kuramı. Roma Yayınları.
  • Yoldaş, Y. (2019). Sistem kuramı. Derin Yayınları, İstanbul.

Uluslararası Politikada Sistem Düşüncesi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 50, 89 - 105, 29.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1220091

Öz

Sistem teorisi hem sosyolojinin hem de uluslararası siyasetin en önemli çalışma alanlarından biri olmuştur. Sistem teorisini en kapsamlı şekilde ele alan ilk siyaset bilimci Morton Kaplan, gelenekselci metodun karşısında yer alarak çalışmalarını davranışsalcı akımın içinde yürütmüştür. Buna karşın Hedley Bull düzen kavramını üretmiştir. İngiliz okulu teorisyenlerinden Barry Buzan ve Richard Little’ın sistem tarihi yazımı denemesi ise alternatif bir sistem analizi sunmuştur. Morton Kaplandan sonra uluslararası siyasete üst seviyeden bir bakış, Kenneth Waltz tarafından yapılmıştır. O dünya siyasetinde Soğuk Savaş dönemini açıklayarak tepeden bir bakış açısı sunmuştur. Fakat Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde Sosyal İnşacılık yaklaşımının yapı ve yapan ilişkisini açıklaması, uluslararası siyasete dair yeni bir kuramsal deneme sunmuştur. Onların yaklaşımı, bir tarih yazımında kullanılmaktan ziyade sistem içindeki değişimi açıklamaya yöneliktir. Diğer taraftan Haas’ın sistem yaklaşımı ise uluslararası örgütlerin sistem içinde oynadığı role dikkat çekmektedir. Onun sistem yaklaşımı, sistemin bir parçası olan yapı konusunda bir öngörü sunmasına rağmen siyasi bir tarih yazımına bir katkısı söz konusu değildir. Buna karşın Resocrance’ın denemesi, en başarılı sistem tarihi yazımlardan biri olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Arı, T. (1990). Morton A. Kaplan ve uluslararası politikada sistem yaklaşımı. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1-2), 103-118.
  • Bull H. (1969). “International Theory: The Case for a Classical Approach”, in Knorr, Klaus and Rosenau, James (eds.), Contending Approaches to International Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), pp. 20–38.
  • Bull, H. (2012). The anarchical society: a study of order in world politics. Macmillan international Higher education.
  • Bull, H., & Watson, A. (1984). The expansion of international society.
  • Buzan, B., & Little, R. (1994). The idea of" international system": theory meets history. International Political Science Review, 15(3), 231-255.
  • Buzan, B., & Little, R. (2000). International systems in world history: remaking the study of international relations.
  • David Singer, J. (1961). The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations. World Politics, 14(1), 77-92. doi:10.2307/2009557
  • Demirli, E. (2009). İslam metafiziğinde tanrı ve insan: İbnü'l Arabî ve vahdet-i vücûd geleneği. Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Easton, David (1965). The Political System.(New York: Alfred A.Knopf,İnc.Sa:96-97.
  • Edubirdie. (2022) Adam And Eve In Paradise Lost.(February 17). Edubirdie. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://edubirdie.com/examples/adam-and-eve-in-paradise-lost/
  • Finnemore, M. (2013). The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force.
  • Haas, E. B. (2004). The uniting of Europe: Political, social, and economic forces 1950-1957. Notre Dame, Ind: Univ. of Notre Dame Press.
  • Haas, E. B. (2008). Beyond the nation state: Functionalism and international organization. ECPR Press.
  • Haas, E. B., & Haas, P. M. (2008). Beyond the nation-state: Functionalism and international organization. Colchester, UK: European Consortium for Political Research Press.
  • Kaplan, M. A. (1957). System and process in international politics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Kaplan, M. A. (1966), 'The New Great Debate: Traditionalism vs. Science in International Relations', World Politics, 19 October, 1-20
  • Kennedy, P. M. (2017). The rise and fall of the great powers: Economic change and military conflict from 1500-2000.
  • Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (2001). Power and independence. New York: Longman.
  • Marion, J. Levy, (1952). The Structure of Society (Princiton: Princiton Üniversity Press.Sa:57.
  • Martindale, Don (1965). Functionalism in Social Sciences. Philedelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science. Sa:150-151.
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2012). The tragedy of great power politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Milton, J. (2005). Paradise Lost, ed. Philip Pullman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 107, 15.
  • Rosecrance, R. N. (1963). Action And Reaction In World Politics International Systems In Perspective.
  • Rosecrance, R. N. (1977). Action and reaction in world politics: International systems in perspective. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
  • Şenel, Muzaffer (2017) İngiliz Okulu’nun Düzen Kavramı ve Avrupa Birliği Uluslararası Düzeni 1992-2009, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Waltz, K. (2018). Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/walt18804.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2010). Theory of international politics. Reading, Mass: Waveland Pr Inc.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2010). Theory of international politics. Waveland Press.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1967). Foreign Policy and Democratic Politics: The American and British Experience. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
  • Watson, A. (2009). The Evolution of International Society: A Comparative Historical Analysis Reissue with a new introduction by Barry Buzan and Richard Little. Routledge.
  • Weltman, J. J. (1972). Systems Theory in International Relations: A Critique. Polity, 4(3), 301–329. https://doi.org/10.2307/3233964
  • Weltman, John J. (1973). System Theory in International Relations: A Stuy in Metaphoric Hyperthrophy. Lexington Brooks. D. C. Heath and Company Lexington, Massachusetts, Toronto, London. Page.1.
  • Yoldaş, Y. (2004). İşlevsel-yapisal sistem kuramı. Roma Yayınları.
  • Yoldaş, Y. (2019). Sistem kuramı. Derin Yayınları, İstanbul.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Süleyman Elik 0000-0003-1517-0697

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 50

Kaynak Göster

APA Elik, S. (2023). Uluslararası Politikada Sistem Düşüncesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(50), 89-105. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1220091


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