The Mediating Role of Employee's Voice in the Effect of Leader-Member Interaction on Innovative Employee Behavior: A Study on Employees of Machinery Manufacturing Industry

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 52, 233 - 248, 27.12.2023

Hüseyin Karagöz

https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1347213

Öz

In the research, it is aimed to determine whether the voice of the employee has a mediating role in the effect of leader-member interaction on innovative employee behavior. Employees of 231 companies operating in the machinery manufacturing industry in the province of Karaman were selected as the sample. A face-to-face questionnaire was applied to the relevant sample. As a data collection tool in the research; leader-member interaction scale, innovative employee behavior scale and voice scale were used. The data obtained as a result of the research were analyzed through the SPSS 26 program, and firstly, descriptive statistics were given according to the distribution according to demographic variables and scale scores. The values of kurtosis and skewness were checked for the normality of the scale scores. The purpose of doing this is to determine whether the data is normally distributed. According to the analysis, the distribution of the data was normal. Pearson correlation method was used to determine the relationship between scale sub-dimensions. Then, hierarchical regression method was applied for the mediation findings. According to the results of the research, significant and positive relationships were determined between all the variables of the study. Accordingly, leader-member interaction affects innovative employee behaviors. The voice of the employee plays a mediating role in this effect. In other words, according to the results of the research, the voice of the employee has a mediating role in the effect of leader-member interaction on innovative employee behavior.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leader-Member Exchange, Innovative Employee Behavior, Employee Voice

Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Yenilikçi İşgören Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Çalışan Sesinin Aracı Rolü: Makine İmalat Sanayi Firma Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Öz

Araştırmada lider-üye etkileşiminin yenilikçi işgören davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde çalışan sesinin aracı rolünün olup olmadığının tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Karaman ilinde faaliyet gösteren makine imalat sanayi sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 231 firma çalışanı örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. İlgili örnekleme yüz yüze anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; lider-üye etkileşim ölçeği, yenilikçi işgören davranışı ölçeği ve ses ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen veriler SPSS 26 programı aracılığıyla analize tabi tutulmuş, ilk olarak, demografik değişkenlere göre dağılım ile ölçek puanlarına göre tanımlayıcı istatistikler verilmiştir. Ölçek puanlarının normalliği için basıklık ve çarpıklık değerine bakılmıştır. Bunu yapmadaki amaç, verilerin normal dağılıp, dağılmadığını tespit etmektir. Yapılan analize göre verilerin dağılımı normal çıkmıştır. Ölçek alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkinin tespiti için, Pearson korelasyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ardından aracılık bulgularına yönelik hiyerarşik regresyon yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre çalışmanın bütün değişkenleri arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre lider-üye etkileşimi, yenilikçi işgören davranışlarını etkilemektedir. Bu etkide çalışan sesinin aracılık rolü söz konusudur. Yani araştırma sonuçlarına göre lider-üye etkileşiminin yenilikçi işgören davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde çalışan sesinin aracı rolü söz konusudur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lider-Üye Etkileşimi, Yenilikçi İşgören Davranışı, Çalışan Sesi

Kaynakça

• Abstein, A., &Spieth, P. (2014). Exploring HRM Meta‐Features That Foster Employees' Innovative Work Behaviour in Times Of Increasing Work–Life Conflict. Creativity And Innovation Management, 23 (2), 211-225.
• Akgemci, T., Kalfaoğlu, S., &Erkunt, N. (2019). Hizmetkâr Liderlik Davranışlarının Çalışan Sesliliğine Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 9(2), 757-771.
• Alkan, D. P., & Çankır, B. (2016). Lider Üye Etkileşiminin Pozitif Ses Çıkartma Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Dağıtım Adaletinin Aracılık Etkisi/The Mediating Role Of Distributional Justice On The Effect Of Leader Member Exchange On Positive Voice Behavior. Turan: Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, 8(32), 472.
• Alkan, D.P., &Çankır, B. (2016). Lider Üye Etkileşiminin Pozitif Ses Çıkartma Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Dağıtım Adaletinin Aracılık Etkisi. Sage Yayınları, 8(32), 472-481.
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, And Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
• Basu, R., &Green, S. G. (1997). Leader‐Member Exchange And Transformational Leadership: An Empirical Examination Of Innovative Behaviors in Leader‐Member Dyads. Journal Of Applied Social Psychology, 27(6), 477-499.
• Biçer, M. (2021). Lider-Üye Etkileşimi Ve Yenilikçi Davranış İlişkisinde Personel Güçlendirmenin Aracılık Etkisi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 330-342.
• Carnevale, J. B., Huang, L., Crede, M., Harms, P., &Uhl‐Bien, M. (2017). Leading To Stimulate Employees' Ideas: A Quantitative Review Of Leader–Member Exchange, Employee Voice, Creativity, And Innovative Behavior. Applied Psychology, 66(4), 517-552.
• Chan, S. C., &Yeung, D. (2016). The Impact Of Leader-Member Exchange (Lmx) And Empowerment On Employee Voice Behavior. Nang Yan Business Journal, 4(1), 44-55.
• Chen, L., Li, M., Wu, Y. J., &Chen, C. (2021). The Voicer's Reactions To Voice: An Examination Of Employee Voice On Perceived Organizational Status And Subsequent Innovative Behavior in The Workplace. Personnel Review, 50(4), 1073-1092.
• Colella, A., &Varma, A. (2001). The Impact of Subordinate Disability on the Leader-member Exchange Relationship. Academy of Management Journal 44 (2), 304–315.
• Çankır, B. (2016). Çalışanlarda Pozitif Ses Çıkartma Davranışı Nasıl Oluşur? Örgütsel Güven, Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlali, Lider-Üye Etkileşimi İle Pozitif Ses Çıkartma Davranışı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 1-12.
• Çelik, M., Turunç, Ö., &Bilgin, N. (2014). Lider-Üye Etkileşimi Ve Kariyer Memnuniyetinin Yenilikçi Davranışa Etkisinde Etiğin Düzenleyici Rolüne Yönelik Deneysel Bir Araştırma. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(25), 491-508.
• Dansereau, F., Graen, G., & Haga, W. J. (1975). A Vertical Dyad Linkage Approach To Leadership Within Formal Organizations: A Longitudinal Investigation Of The Role Of Making Process. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 30, 109-131.
• Dansereau, F., Graen, G.B., &Haga, W. (1975). A Vertical Dyad Linkage Approach To Leadership in Formal Organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13, 46-78.
• De Jong, J., &Den Hartog, D. (2007). How Leaders Influence Employees' Innovative Behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management, 10 (1), 41-64.
• Deluga, R. J. (1994). Supervisor Trust Building, Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 315-326.
• Dienesch, R. M., & Liden, R. C. (1986). Leader-Member Exchange Model of Leadership: A Critique and Further Development. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 618-634.
• Durdu, İ. (2021). Okullarda Prososyal Davranış Ve Pozitif Ses Çıkartma Davranışı Oluşumunda Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Rolü[Doktora Tezi]. Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Elsetouhi, A. M., Mohamed Elbaz, A., & Soliman, M. (2023). Participative Leadership And Its Impact On Employee Innovative Behavior Through Employee Voice in Tourism Smes: The Moderating Role Of Job Autonomy. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 23(3), 406-419.
• Eryılmaz, İ. (2019). Sosyal Güç, Lider-Üye Etkileşimi Ve İş Tatmini İlişkisinde Politik Yetinin Düzenleyici Rolü: Bankacılık Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(1), 373-393.
• Farndale, E., Van Ruiten, J., Kelliher, C., & Hope‐Hailey, V. (2011). The Influence Of Perceived Employee Voice On Organizational Commitment: An Exchange Perspective. Human Resource Management, 50(1), 113-129.
• Garg, S., & Dhar, R. (2017). Employee Service Innovative Behavior: The Roles Of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), Work Engagement, And Job Autonomy. International Journal of Manpower, 38(2), 242-258.
• George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, (10a ed.).Pearson.
• Gogen, B. (2022). Özyeterlilikten Örgütsel Yeterliliğe: Lider-Üye Etkileşimi Temelinde Bir Değerlendirme. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 13(30. YönOrg 2022), 288-303.
• Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The Norm Of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement. American Sociological Review, 5, 161-171.
• Graen, G. B., & Cahsman, J. (1975). A Role-Making Model Of Leadership in Formal Organizations: A Development Approach. In J. G. Hunt Ve L. L. Larson, (Ed.) Leadership Frontiers İçinde (s. 143-165). Kent State University.
• Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-Based Approach to Leadership: Development of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory of Leadership Over 25 Years: Applying A Multi-Level Multi-Domain Perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247.
• Gürel, P. A. (2022). Lider Üye Etkileşiminin Pozitif Ses Çıkartma Davranışına Etkisi: Bankacılık Sektörü Örneği. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 7(2), 141-152.
• Gürler, M. (2018). Öğretmenlerin Lider-Üye Etkileşimi İle İşle Bütünleşme İlişkisinde Çalışan Sesliliğinin Aracılık Etkisinin İncelenmesi [Doktora Tezi]. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Han, Q., & Xia, L. (2020). Social Media Use And Employee Innovative Behavior: The Mediating Role Of Employee Voice. Social Behavior And Personality: An International Journal, 48(3), 1-7.
• Hirschman, A. O.(1970). Exit, Voice, And Loyalty: Responses To Decline in Firms, Organizations, And States, Cambridge. Harvard University Press.
• Ionescu, A., & Dumitru, N. (2015). The Role Of Innovation in Creating The Company’s Competitive Advantage. Ecoforum Journal, 4(1), 99-104.
• Jaiswal, A., & Dyaram, L. (2020). Perceived Diversity and Employee Well-being: Mediating Role of Inclusion. Personnel Review 49 (5), 1121–1139.
• Jannsen, O. (2000). Job Demands, Perceptions Of Effort-Reward Fairness, And Innovative Work Behavior. Journal Of Occupational And Organizational Psychology, 73, 287-302.
• Khan, M.J., Aslam, N., & Riaz, M.N. (2012). Leadership Styles as Predictors of Innovative Work Behavior. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(2), 17-22.
• Kheng, Y. K., June, S., & Mahmood, R. (2013). The Determinants Of Innovative Work Behavior in The Knowledge İntensive Business Services Sector in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 9(15), 47.
• Kuvaas, B., & Buch, R. (2020). Leader Self-Efficacy And Role Ambiguity And Follower Leader-Member Exchange. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(1), 118-132.
• Lam, C.F., Spreitzer, G., & Fritz, C. (2014). Too Much Of A Good Thing: Curvilinear Effect Of Positive Affect On Proactive Behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, 530-546.
• LePine, J. A., & Van Dyne, L. (1998). Predicting Voice Behavior in Work Groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 853-868.
• Leung, K., Chen, Z., Zhou, F., & Lim, K. (2014). The Role Of Relational Orientation As Measured By Face And Renqing in Innovative Behavior in China: An İndigenous Analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31(1), 105-126.
• Liang, H. L., & Yeh, T. K. (2020). The Effects Of Employee Voice On Workplace Bullying And Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role Of Leader–Member Exchange. Management Decision, 58(3), 569-582.
• Liao, S., Zhou, X., Guo, Z., & Li, Z. (2019). How Does Leader Narcissism Influence Employee Voice: The Attribution Of Leader Impression Management And Leader-Member Exchange. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 16(10), 1819.
• Liden, R.C., & Maslyn, J.M. (1998). Multidimensionality of Leader-Member Exchange: An Empirical Assessment Through Scale Development. Journal of Management, 24(1), 43-72.
• Liu, J., Wang, J., Geng, Z., & Wang, Y. (2021). Linking Leader–Member Exchange To Employee Voice Behavior: The Mediating Role Of Self-Efficacy. Social Behavior And Personality: An International Journal, 49(12), 1-8.
• McCloskey, C., & McDonnell, A. (2018). Channels Of Employee Voice: Complementary Or Competing For Space? Industrial Relations Journal, 49(2), 174-193.
• Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee Voice Behavior: Integration And Directions For Future Research. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373-412.
• Nazir, S., Shafi, A., Asadullah, M. A., Qun, W., & Khadim, S. (2021). Linking Paternalistic Leadership To Follower's Innovative Work Behavior: The Influence Of Leader–Member Exchange And Employee Voice. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(4), 1354-1378.
• Ngan, P.T. (2015). Organizational Innovativeness: Motivation in An Employee’s Innovative Work Behaviour. Scientific Bulletin-Economic Sciences, 14, 86-97.
• Örücü, E., Gizlier, Ö., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Çalışanların İnovatif Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi: İzmir’deki Sigorta Acentelerinde Bir Araştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (32), 67-83.
• Park, S., & Jo, S. J. (2018). The Impact Of Proactivity, Leader-Member Exchange, And Climate For İnnovation On Innovative Behavior in The Korean Government Sector. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(1), 130-149.
• Phillips, A. S., & Bedeian A. G. (1994). Leader-Follower Exchange Quality: The Role of Personal and Interpersonal Attributes. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 990-1001.
• Rusbult, C. E., Farrell, D., Rogers, G., & Mainous, A. G. (1988). Impact of Exchange Variables On Exit, Voice, Loyalty, And Neglect: An Integrative Model Of Responses To Declining Job Satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 31(3), 599-627.
• Sanders, K., Moorkamp, M., Torka, N., Groeneveld, S., & Groeneveld, C. (2010). How To Support Innovative Behaviour? The Role Of Lmx And Satisfaction With Hr Practices. Technology And Investment, 1, 59–68.
• Schermuly, C. C., Meyer, B., & Dämmer, L. (2013). Leader-Member Exchange And Innovative Behavior. Journal Of Personnel Psychology. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 12(3), 132-142.
• Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants Of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model Of Individual Innovation in The Workplace. Academy Of Management Journal, 37 (3), 580-607.
• Shin, G. (2019). Welfare, Innovation Capacity, And Economic Performance: Evidence From American Federalism. Public Policy and Administration, 34(3), 349-381.
• Sifatu, W. O., Sjahruddin, H., Fajriah, Y., Dwijendra, N. K., & Santoso, A. (2020). Innovative Work Behaviors in Pharmacies Of Indonesia: Role Of Employee Voice, Generational Diversity Management And Employee Engagement. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(2), 725-734.
• Spencer, D. G. (1986). Employee Voice And Employee Retention. Academy of Management Journal, 29(3), 488-502.
• Spisak, B. R., Nicholson, N., & van Vugt, M. (2011). Leadership in Organizations: An Evolutionary Perspective. İçinde G. Saad (Ed.), Evolutionary Psychology in the Business Sciences (ss. 165-190). Springer.
• Sundbo, J. (2015). Innovation, Theory of. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, 12, 169–174.
• Süer, F. C., & Keçeci, M. (2019). Lider Üye Etkileşiminin Ses Çıkarma Davranışına Etkisi Ve Amir Duyarlılığının Bu İlişki Üzerındeki Rolü. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 2(66), 433-445.
• Şimşek, O. F. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş. Ekinoks.
• Tahsildari, H., Hashim, M. T., & Normeza, W. (2014). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Effectiveness through Employee’s Innovative Behavior. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(24), 225- 235.
• Tajfel, H. (1982). Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Annual Review of Psychology 33 (1), 1–39.
• Tarkang, M. E., Nange, R. Y., & Ozturen, A. (2022). Inspiring Employee Voice Through Leader–Member Exchange. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(1), e2317.
• Uçar, Z., & Gündoğdu, B. (2023). İşgörenler Tarafından Algılanan Açık Liderliğin Yenilikçi İş Davranışına Etkisinde Yönetici Destek Algısının Aracılık Rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(2), 740-765.
• Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping And Voice Extra-Role Behaviors: Evidence Of Construct And Predictive Validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.
• Van Dyne, L., Cummings, L.L., & Parks, J.M. (1995). Extra-Role Behaviours: In Pursuit Of Construct And Definitional Clarity (A Bridge Over Muddied Waters). Research in Organizational Behavior, 17, 215-285.
• Varma, A., I. Zilic, A. Katou, B. Blajic., & Jukic, N. (2021). Supervisor-subordinate Relationships and Employee Performance Appraisals: A Multi-source Investigation in Croatia. Employee Relations 43 (1), 45–62.
• Varma, A., Jaiswal, A., Pereira, V., & Kumar, Y. L. N. (2022). Leader-Member Exchange in The Age of Remote Work. Human Resource Development International, 25(2), 219-230.
• Wang, X. H., Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., & Janssen, O. (2015). Understanding Employee Innovative Behavior: Integrating The Social Network And Leader–Member Exchange Perspectives. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 36(3), 403-420.
• West, M. A., & Farr, J. L. (1989). Innovation At Work: Psychological Perspectives. Social Behavior, 4, 15-30.
• Yu, A., Matta, F.K., & Cornfield, B. (2017). Is Leader-Member Exchange Differentiation Beneficial Or Detrimental For Group Effectiveness? A Meta-Analytic Investigation And Theoretical Integration. Academy of Management Journal, 61(3), 1158-1188.
• Zhao, H. (2014). Relative Leader-Member Exchange And Employee Voice: Mediating Role Of Affective Commitment And Moderating Role Of Chinese Traditionality. Chinese Management Studies, 8(1), 27-40.