The Context of the Cyber Attacks Against Civil Aviation: Applicable Rules of International Law, Jurisdiction and Responsibility

Öz

Internationally wrongful acts conducted against aircrafts and airports are subject to the international civil aviation. These kinds of actions are not only threatening the flights and airports but they are also dangering the lives and properties of the individuals. From thevery beginning of the 1960s international society has been struggling with these wrongful acts. Nevertheless the achievements aimed in the international conventions related to the issue have not been succeeded by the state practices.The international wrongful acts against civil aviation constitutes certain types of international offences. On the other hand cyber attacks generate a huge problem as their context has not been composed by the international law.Cyber attacks including some common features with the physical offences denote a new kind of offence against civil aviation. Hence the concept of cyber attacks against civil avaition, the state which has the jurisdiction and the responsibility because of these offences require to be determined. It is a necessity to conclude a new convention on the offences against civil aviation including the cyber attacks and to constitute a new international organization related to that convention

Anahtar Kelimeler

• International Air Law

SİVİL HAVACILIĞA YÖNELİK GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLEN SİBER SALDIRILAR: UYGULANACAK ULUSLARARASI HUKUK KURALLARI, YETKİ VE SORUMLULUK

Öz

Hava araçlarına ve hava alanlarına yönelik gerçekleştirilen uluslararası hukuka aykırı eylemler uluslararası sivil havacılığın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu tarz eylemler uçuşu ve hava alanını tehdit etmenin yanı sıra kişilerin canlarını ve malvarlıklarını tehlikeye düşürmektedir. Özellikle 1960’lı yılların başından itibaren bu tarz eylemlere karşı daha yoğun bir mücadele gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte konuyla ilgili hayata geçirilen çok taraflı uluslararası antlaşmalar ile devletlerin çabalarının, istenilen düzeyde bir sonuç alınmasını sağlayamadığı görülmektedir. Sivil havacılıkta söz konusu uluslararası hukuka aykırı eylemler belirli saldırı tiplerini oluşturmaktadır. Siber saldırılar ise,uluslararası hukuk kuralları çerçevesinde kapsamının belirlenmemiş olması itibariyle sivil havacılığa yönelik büyük bir sorunu meydana getirmektedir. Siber saldırılar hem konuya ilişkin çok taraflı uluslararası saldırılarla örtüşen yönleri bulunan hem de bağımsız özellikler taşıyan yeni bir saldırı tipini ifade etmektedir. Dolayısıyla sivil havacılığa yönelik gerçekleştirilen siber saldırıların kapsamının, bu saldırılara uygulanacak hukukun ve bu saldırılara karşılık yetkili ve sorumlu devlet ya da devletlerin belirlenmesi ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Güncel uluslararası hukuk kurallarının bu konuda yetersiz kalması, siber saldırıları da kapsayacak şekilde sivil havacılığa karşı gerçekleştirilen saldırılara yönelik çok taraflı yeni bir uluslararası antlaşmanın ve buna bağlı yeni bir uluslararası örgütlenmenin hayata geçirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası Hava

Kaynakça

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