Violations of Basic Rights and Freedoms of the Romany Living in Croatia

Öz

There are many racial, ethnical, lingual and religious minority groups living in Croatia depending on its political and historical background. One of these groups is the Romany, who constitutes 0.4% of the total population. The Romany had the right of being a “national minority” with the changes in the Constitution in 2010, and is a relatively small and disadvantaged ethnical group in terms of socio-economic conditions and basic human rights. The constitutional change in 2010 and the admittance of Croatia to the European Union EU in 2013 sped up the legal and political measures intended for the equal participation of the Romany to social, political and economic life; however, no considerable improvements were made in negative living conditions. Based on this aspect, the problems experienced by the Romany living in Croatia in having the access to basic rights and freedoms as different from the other minority groups and the majority of the population will be discussed in our study in terms of the legal measures taken/will be taken in Generation Rights Systematics; and solution proposals will be made. For this purpose, the data obtained from the national regulations, regional reports and international NGOs on how the relevant agreements, principles, and decisions to which Croatia is a party and member in the Council of Europe COE , European Union EU , and United Nations UN are reflected in the domestic legal system; and the Minority Rights Profile of the Romany will be prepared. In the study, which has been planned under four headings, firstly the perceptions and attitudes of the other social groups towards the Romany will be investigated, and then the violations experienced by the Romany in terms of political rights, freedoms, social, economic and cultural rights will be discussed together with the prevention and elimination mechanisms

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Croatia,Roma,Minority rights,Political rights and freedoms,Social and economics rights and freedoms,Cultural rights and freedoms

HIRVATİSTAN’DA YAŞAYAN ROMANLARA YÖNELİK TEMEL HAK VE ÖZGÜRLÜK İHLALLERİ

Öz

Siyasal ve tarihsel geçmişine bağlı olarak Hırvatistan’da ırk, etnik köken, dil ve din açısından çok sayıda azınlık topluluk yaşamaktadır. Bu gruplardan biri de toplam nüfusun % 0.4’ünü oluşturan Romanlardır. 2010 yılında yapılan Anayasa değişikliği ile “ulusal azınlık” satatüsünü kazanan Romanlar, görece küçük bir azınlık olmakla birlikte sosyo-ekonomik koşullar ve temel insan hakları bakımından en dezavantajlı etnik gruptur. 2010 Anayasa değişikliği ve Hırvatistan’ın 2013 yılında Avrupa Birliği AB ’ye üye olması Romanların toplumsal, siyasal ve ekonomik hayata diğerleriyle eşit koşullarda katılımına yönelik hukuki ve siyasal önlemlere hız vermiş, ancak olumsuz yaşam koşullarında kayda değer bir iyileşme sağlanamamıştır. Bu tespitten hareketle çalışmamızda Hırvatistan’da yaşayan Romanların temel hak ve özgürlüklere erişim bakımından çoğunluk nüfusu ve diğer azınlıklardan farklı olarak karşılaştığı sorunlar, kuşak haklar sistematiği içinde alınan/alınması gerekli hukuki önlemlerle birlikte tartışılmış ve çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Hırvatistan’ın tarafı ve üyesi olduğu Avrupa Konseyi AK , Avrupa Birliği AB ve Birleşmiş Milletler BM bünyesinde kabul edilen ilgili sözleşme, ilke ve kararların iç hukuka ne ölçüde yansıtıldığı ulusal mevzuat, bölge ve ülke raporları ile uluslararası sivil toplum kuruluşlarının NGO ülke izleme ve araştırma raporlarından elde edilen veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiş, Romanların azınlık çalışılmıştır. Dört ana başlık olarak planlanan makalede önce diğer toplumsal grupların Romanlara yönelik algı ve tutumlarına yer verilmiş, ardından Romanların siyasal hak ve özgürlükleri ile sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel haklarını içeren alanlarda ne tür ihlallerle karşılaştıkları önleme ve giderme mekanizmalarıyla birlikte ele alınmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hırvatistan, Roman, Azınlık hakları, Siyasi hak ve özgürlükler, Sosyal ve ekonomik hak ve özgürlükler, Kültürel hak ve özgürlükler

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