AB üyesi bir devlet olarak İngiltere çok
sayıda uluslararası anlaşmanın tarafı olarak
karşımıza çıkmaktadır. AB’nin Çalışma Usulleri
Hakkındaki Sözleşme’nin AB’den çıkmaya
ilişkin 50. maddesi AB’den çıkmanın taraf
olunan anlaşmalar üzerinde doğuracağı etkileri
düzenlememektedir. Ekseri uluslararası
hukuk anlaşması da bu tür düzenlemeler içermemektedir.
Bu nedenle Brexit’in uluslararası
anlaşmalar üzerinde doğuracağı etkilerin
genel uluslararası hukuka, özellikle Viyana
Anlaşmalar Hukuku Sözleşmesinde kısmen
kodifiye edilen teamül hukukuna göre cevaplandırılması
gerekmektedir. Şüphesiz tüm
anlaşmalar için aynı cevapların verilmesini
mümkün kılan, genel geçerliliğe sahip kurallar
bulunmamaktadır. Bu cevapların anlaşma
taraflarına ve anlaşmanın içeriğine göre farklılık
gösterdiği görülmektedir. AB’nin özellikle
münhasır yetkileri alanında yapmış olduğu
anlaşmalardan Brexit ertesinde İngiltere bakımından
hak ve yükümlülük doğması mümkün
değildir. Buna karşılık AB’nin ve üye devletlerin
birlikte taraf olduğu karma anlaşmaların
prensip olarak İngiltere bakımından bağlayıcılığı
prensip olarak devam edecektir. Makalede
Brexit’in bir taraftan İngiltere’nin, diğer
taraftan AB’nin uluslararası hukuk anlaşmalarından
doğan hakları ve yükümlülükleri üzerindeki
etkileri incelenmektedir.
Allan Rosas, Mixed Union–Mixed Agreements, bknz.: Matti Koskenniemi
(ed.), Internationale Law Aspects of the European Union, 1998, Martinus
Nijhoff Publishers
Andrés Delgado Casteleiro, EU Declarations of Competence to Multilateral
Agreements: A Useful Reference Base?, European Foreign Affairs
Review, Volume 17(2012), Kluwer Law International, Alphen aan den
Rijn
Andreas Gunst, Brexit: What Should Energy Companies Do Know?, DLA
Piper, 24.6.2016; bknz.: <www.dlapiper.com>
Diarmuid Torney, What Will Brexit Mean for Climate Change?, bknz.: <http://
www.rte.ie>
Guillaume van der Loo/Steven Blockmans, The Impact of Brexit on the EU’s
International Agreements, CEPS Commentaries, bknz.: www.ceps.eu
Hubert Isak, Nach dem Brexit:Weitere Differenzierung der Union nach innen
und nach außen?, bknz.: Lorenzmeier/H.P.Folz (Hrsg.), Recht und
Realität, FS für C.Vedder, 2017, 172,193
Knut Ipsen, Völkerrecht, 7.Aufl. 2018, §18, Rn.21
Lorand Bartels, The UK’s Status in the WTO after Brexit, bknz.: Robert
Schütze/Stephen Tierney (Hrsg.)
Maike Schäfer, Die Rechtsstellung des Vereinigten Königreichs in der WTO
nach dem Brexit, bknz.: Christian Tietje/Gerhard Kraft/Christian
Kumpan (Hrsg.), Beiträge zum Transnationalen Wirtschaftsrecht, Heft
147, Nov.2017, 10 vd.
Markus W.Gehring, Brexit and EU-UK Trade Relations with Third States, EU
Law Analysis, 6.3.2016
Markus W.Gehring, ‘Trade Relations will Remain Unchanged’ Post-Brexit,
claims Lord Lawson-Hardly, University of Cambridge; bknz.: http://
blogs.lse.ac.uk
Maurits Dolmans, Problems of Mixed Agreements: Division of Power within
the EEC and the Right of Third States, 1985, Asser Institute, The Hague,
25,39 vd.
Matthias Goldmann, VölkerrechtlicheVereinbarungen und direkte Demokratie,
ZaöRV 78(2018)
Monika Polzin, Der verrechtlichte Ausnahmezustand Art. 15 EMRK und
die Rolle des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte, ZaöRV
78(2018), CH&Beck Verlag, München
Niele Behrends/Philipp Kubucki/Hannes Rathke, Das Gutachten des EuGH
zum EU-Freihandelsabkommen mit Singapur; bknz. https://www.
bundestag.de, 9vd.
Paolo R.Vergano/Tobias Dolle, The Trade Law Consequences of Brexit,
European Journal of Risk Regulation,Vol. 7, Issue 4(2016), Cambridge
University Press, p.795-800).
Philipp Allot, Adherance and Withdrawal from Mixed Agreements, bknz.:
David O’Keeffe/Henry G. Schermers (ed.), MixedAgreements, 1983,
Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, Boston
Rafael Leal-Arcas, The European Community and Mixed Agreements,
European Foreign Affairs Review 6 (2001)
Ramses A.Wessel,Consequences of Brexit for InternationalAgreements
Concluded by the EU and its Member States, CMLRev. 55(2018), 101,
114 vd.
Ramses A.Wessel, You Can Check Out Any Time You Like, but Can You Really
Leave?, International Organisations Law Review 13(2016), issue 2
Robert G.Volterra, Brexit Negotiations Series: “The Impact of Brexit on the
UK’s Trade with Non-EU Member States under the EU’s Mixed Free
Trade Agreements”,17.05.2017,bknz.: https://www.law.ox.ac.uk
Stefan Lorenzmeier, “multilaterale Verträge mit bilateraler Erfüllungsstruktur”;
bknz.: E.Grabitz/M.Hilf/M.Nettesheim (Hrsg.), Das Recht der
Europäischen Union, 2018, Art.216AEuV, Rn.15
Silja Vöneky/Britta Beylage-Haarmann, bknz.: E.Grabitz/M.Nettesheim
(hrsg.),Das Recht der Europaeischen Union, 2018, Art.216 AEUV, Rn.37
Thomas Oppermann/Claus Dieter Classen/Martin Nettesheim, Europarecht,
§38,Rn.8, 7.Aufl.2016, C.H.Beck, München
Thomas Voland, Sailing Uncharted Waters-For How long? On Transtional
Post-Brexit Trade Arrangements; bknz.: https://verfassungsblog.de
Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances,
bknz.: MPEP II, 2006
The Effects of Brexit on Treaties Under International Law Which the EU is a Party to These Treaties
The United Kingdom is the party to several
international treaties as a EU member.
The Article 50 of the Treaty on the Functioning
of the European Union about the
withdrawal from EU membership does not
regulate the effects of the withdrawal on international
treaties. The greater part of international
treaties does not involve such effects
too. It is necessary to answer the effects of
Brexit on international treaties pursuant to
general international law, especially customary
law codified partly in the Vienna Convention
on the Law of Treaties. Undoubtedly,
there are no rules about such effects in international
law for all treaties. Such effects may
differ from each other in terms of parties and
the content of treaties. It is impossible that the
treaties the EU concluded especially within
its exclusive competence may impose rights
and responsibilities for the United Kingdom
after the Brexit. On the other hand, the mixed
treaties to which the EU and member states
are parties together will continue to bind the
United Kingdom. In the article, the effects of
Brexit on the rights and responsibilities of the
United Kingdom and the EU deriving from
international treaties will be assessed.
Allan Rosas, Mixed Union–Mixed Agreements, bknz.: Matti Koskenniemi
(ed.), Internationale Law Aspects of the European Union, 1998, Martinus
Nijhoff Publishers
Andrés Delgado Casteleiro, EU Declarations of Competence to Multilateral
Agreements: A Useful Reference Base?, European Foreign Affairs
Review, Volume 17(2012), Kluwer Law International, Alphen aan den
Rijn
Andreas Gunst, Brexit: What Should Energy Companies Do Know?, DLA
Piper, 24.6.2016; bknz.: <www.dlapiper.com>
Diarmuid Torney, What Will Brexit Mean for Climate Change?, bknz.: <http://
www.rte.ie>
Guillaume van der Loo/Steven Blockmans, The Impact of Brexit on the EU’s
International Agreements, CEPS Commentaries, bknz.: www.ceps.eu
Hubert Isak, Nach dem Brexit:Weitere Differenzierung der Union nach innen
und nach außen?, bknz.: Lorenzmeier/H.P.Folz (Hrsg.), Recht und
Realität, FS für C.Vedder, 2017, 172,193
Knut Ipsen, Völkerrecht, 7.Aufl. 2018, §18, Rn.21
Lorand Bartels, The UK’s Status in the WTO after Brexit, bknz.: Robert
Schütze/Stephen Tierney (Hrsg.)
Maike Schäfer, Die Rechtsstellung des Vereinigten Königreichs in der WTO
nach dem Brexit, bknz.: Christian Tietje/Gerhard Kraft/Christian
Kumpan (Hrsg.), Beiträge zum Transnationalen Wirtschaftsrecht, Heft
147, Nov.2017, 10 vd.
Markus W.Gehring, Brexit and EU-UK Trade Relations with Third States, EU
Law Analysis, 6.3.2016
Markus W.Gehring, ‘Trade Relations will Remain Unchanged’ Post-Brexit,
claims Lord Lawson-Hardly, University of Cambridge; bknz.: http://
blogs.lse.ac.uk
Maurits Dolmans, Problems of Mixed Agreements: Division of Power within
the EEC and the Right of Third States, 1985, Asser Institute, The Hague,
25,39 vd.
Matthias Goldmann, VölkerrechtlicheVereinbarungen und direkte Demokratie,
ZaöRV 78(2018)
Monika Polzin, Der verrechtlichte Ausnahmezustand Art. 15 EMRK und
die Rolle des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte, ZaöRV
78(2018), CH&Beck Verlag, München
Niele Behrends/Philipp Kubucki/Hannes Rathke, Das Gutachten des EuGH
zum EU-Freihandelsabkommen mit Singapur; bknz. https://www.
bundestag.de, 9vd.
Paolo R.Vergano/Tobias Dolle, The Trade Law Consequences of Brexit,
European Journal of Risk Regulation,Vol. 7, Issue 4(2016), Cambridge
University Press, p.795-800).
Philipp Allot, Adherance and Withdrawal from Mixed Agreements, bknz.:
David O’Keeffe/Henry G. Schermers (ed.), MixedAgreements, 1983,
Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, Boston
Rafael Leal-Arcas, The European Community and Mixed Agreements,
European Foreign Affairs Review 6 (2001)
Ramses A.Wessel,Consequences of Brexit for InternationalAgreements
Concluded by the EU and its Member States, CMLRev. 55(2018), 101,
114 vd.
Ramses A.Wessel, You Can Check Out Any Time You Like, but Can You Really
Leave?, International Organisations Law Review 13(2016), issue 2
Robert G.Volterra, Brexit Negotiations Series: “The Impact of Brexit on the
UK’s Trade with Non-EU Member States under the EU’s Mixed Free
Trade Agreements”,17.05.2017,bknz.: https://www.law.ox.ac.uk
Stefan Lorenzmeier, “multilaterale Verträge mit bilateraler Erfüllungsstruktur”;
bknz.: E.Grabitz/M.Hilf/M.Nettesheim (Hrsg.), Das Recht der
Europäischen Union, 2018, Art.216AEuV, Rn.15
Silja Vöneky/Britta Beylage-Haarmann, bknz.: E.Grabitz/M.Nettesheim
(hrsg.),Das Recht der Europaeischen Union, 2018, Art.216 AEUV, Rn.37
Thomas Oppermann/Claus Dieter Classen/Martin Nettesheim, Europarecht,
§38,Rn.8, 7.Aufl.2016, C.H.Beck, München
Thomas Voland, Sailing Uncharted Waters-For How long? On Transtional
Post-Brexit Trade Arrangements; bknz.: https://verfassungsblog.de
Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg, Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances,
bknz.: MPEP II, 2006
Arsava, A. F. (2021). BREXIT’İN AB’NİN TARAF OLDUĞU ULUSLARARASI HUKUK ANLAŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE DOĞURACAĞI ETKİLER. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi(47), 57-84.
AMA
Arsava AF. BREXIT’İN AB’NİN TARAF OLDUĞU ULUSLARARASI HUKUK ANLAŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE DOĞURACAĞI ETKİLER. TAAD. Temmuz 2021;(47):57-84.
Chicago
Arsava, Ayşe Füsun. “BREXIT’İN AB’NİN TARAF OLDUĞU ULUSLARARASI HUKUK ANLAŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE DOĞURACAĞI ETKİLER”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, sy. 47 (Temmuz 2021): 57-84.
EndNote
Arsava AF (01 Temmuz 2021) BREXIT’İN AB’NİN TARAF OLDUĞU ULUSLARARASI HUKUK ANLAŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE DOĞURACAĞI ETKİLER. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 47 57–84.
IEEE
A. F. Arsava, “BREXIT’İN AB’NİN TARAF OLDUĞU ULUSLARARASI HUKUK ANLAŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE DOĞURACAĞI ETKİLER”, TAAD, sy. 47, ss. 57–84, Temmuz 2021.
ISNAD
Arsava, Ayşe Füsun. “BREXIT’İN AB’NİN TARAF OLDUĞU ULUSLARARASI HUKUK ANLAŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE DOĞURACAĞI ETKİLER”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 47 (Temmuz 2021), 57-84.
JAMA
Arsava AF. BREXIT’İN AB’NİN TARAF OLDUĞU ULUSLARARASI HUKUK ANLAŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE DOĞURACAĞI ETKİLER. TAAD. 2021;:57–84.
MLA
Arsava, Ayşe Füsun. “BREXIT’İN AB’NİN TARAF OLDUĞU ULUSLARARASI HUKUK ANLAŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE DOĞURACAĞI ETKİLER”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, sy. 47, 2021, ss. 57-84.
Vancouver
Arsava AF. BREXIT’İN AB’NİN TARAF OLDUĞU ULUSLARARASI HUKUK ANLAŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE DOĞURACAĞI ETKİLER. TAAD. 2021(47):57-84.