Araştırma Makalesi
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On Altıncı Yüzyıl Osmanlı Siyaset Düşüncesinde Hukuki Söylem: Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 39, 233 - 260, 24.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.55842/talid.1022277

Öz

Dünya tarihinde, on altıncı yüzyıl, erken modernitenin ayırt edici özellikleri olarak tanımlanan birçok alanda dönüştürücü bir rol oynadı. Bu tür dönüşümler Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nu etkilerken, imparatorluğun kendine özgü tarihsel gelişmeleri on altıncı yüzyılı tarih yazımı için daha da önemli hale getirdi. On altıncı yüzyıl Osmanlı’sı üzerine üretilmiş olan literatür, özellikle yüzyılın ikinci yarısında imparatorluğun entelektüel çevreleri arasında hukuka ve yasal-rasyonel zihniyete artan vurguyu göstermektedir. Her ne kadar şimdiye kadar üretilmiş olan eserler bu gelişmelerin belirtseler de artan hukuki söylemin siyaset düşüncesi literatürü içerisindeki yeri ancak güçlükle fark edilebilir durumdadır. Bu makale, bağlam ve siyaset düşüncesi arasındaki yakın ilişkiyi takip ederek, bürokratik gelişmeler, savaşlar ve kültürlerarası değişimler gibi önemli dönüşümlerin meşruiyet kaygılarının içeriğini ile dilini ve yönetim hakkındaki fikirlerini nasıl şekillendirdiğini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu anlamda, on altıncı yüzyıl Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine modern araştırmaları değerlendirerek ve yeniden inceleyerek, bahsi geçen zaman diliminde imparatorluğun siyaset düşüncesinde hukuka artan vurguyu ve artan hukuki söylemi araştırmaktadır.

Teşekkür

Yüksek lisans tez danışmanım Derin Terzioğlu'na, emekleri, eleştirileri ve önerileri için minnettarım. Makale metnini okuyup geliştirilmesi için fikirler sunan Özgür Kavak ve M. Habib Saçmalı'ya teşekkürü bir borç bilirim.

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Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 39, 233 - 260, 24.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.55842/talid.1022277

Öz

In world history, the sixteenth century played a transformative role in many areas, which have been described as the hallmarks of early modernity. While such transformations influenced the Ottoman Empire, the peculiar historical developments in the empire made the sixteenth century more important for history-writing. The scholarship demonstrates the increasing emphasis on law and legal-rational mentality among the intellectual circles of the empire, especially in the second half of the century. The place of increasing legalistic discourse within the political thought literature is only barely discernable, although the Ottoman historiography demonstrates its cruciality mostly without highlighting the relationships with political thought. By following the close relationship between context and political thought, the present paper aims to illustrate how significant transformations, such as bureaucratic enhancements, wars, and intercultural exchanges, shaped the content and language of legitimacy concerns and the ideas on the right government. In that sense, it explores the growing emphasis on law and increasing legalistic discourse within the empire’s political thought in the given time period by evaluating and re-examining the modern scholarship on the sixteenth-century Ottoman Empire.

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  • Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. Zındıklar ve Mülhidler. 5th ed. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 2014.
  • Pagden, Anthony, ed. The Languages of Political Theory in Early-Modern Europe. Ideas in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
  • Peters, Rudolph. “What Does It Mean to Be an Official Madhhab? Hanafism and the Ottoman Empire.” In The Islamic School of Law: Evolution, Devolution, and Progress, 147–58. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.
  • Pfeifer, Helen. “Encounter after the Conquest: Scholarly Gatherings in 16th-Century Ottoman Damascus.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 47, no. 2 (2015): 219–39.
  • Pocock, J. G. A. Political Thought and History: Essays on Theory and Method. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  • Reeves, Marjorie. The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
  • Repp, Richard Cooper. “Qanun and Sharia in the Ottoman Context.” In Islamic Law: Social and Historical Contexts, edited by Aziz Al-Azmeh. London ; New York: Routledge, 1988.
  • Repp, Richard Cooper. The Mufti of Istanbul: A Study in the Development of the Ottoman Learned Hierarchy. London: Ithaca, 1986.
  • Rosenthal, Erwin Isak Jakob. Political Thought in Medieval Islam: An Introductory Outline. Cambridge University Press, 1958.
  • Saçmalı, Muhammet Habib. “Sunni-Shiite Political Relations in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century and Early Modern Ottoman Universal Caliphate.” Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of California, Davis, 2021.
  • Şahin, Kaya. Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Sariyannis, Marinos. A History of Ottoman Political Thought Up to the Early Nineteenth Century. Brill, 2018.
  • Sariyannis, Marinos. “Ottoman Critics of Society and State, Fifteenth to Early Eighteenth Centuries: Toward a Corpus for the Study of Ottoman Political Thought.” Archivum Ottomanicum 25, no. 2008 (2008): 127–50.
  • Sariyannis, Marinos. “Ottoman Ideas on Monarchy Before the Tanzimat Reforms: Toward a Conceptual History of Ottoman Political Notions.” Turcica 47 (2016): 33–72.
  • Sariyannis, Marinos. “Ruler and State, State and Society in Ottoman Political Thought.” Turkish Historical Review 4, no. 1 (2013): 83–117.
  • Sariyannis, Marinos. “The Princely Virtues as Presented in Ottoman Political and Moral Literature.” Turcica 43 (2011): 121–44.
  • Şen, Ahmet Tunç. “Astrology in the Service of the Empire: Knowledge, Prognostication, and Politics at the Ottoman Court, 1450s-1550s.” Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Chicago, 2016.
  • Şentürk, Ahmet Atilla. Şehzade Mustafa Mersiyesi Taşlıcalı Yahya Beğ’in Yahut Kanuni Hicviyesi. İstanbul: Büyüyenay Yayınları, 2015.
  • Skinner, Quentin. “Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas.” History and Theory 8, no. 1 (1969): 3–53.
  • Sönmez, Ebru. İdris-i Bidlisi: Ottoman Kurdistan and Islamic Legitimacy. İstanbul: Libra Kitap, 2012.
  • Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. “Connected Histories: Notes towards a Reconfiguration of Early Modern Eurasia.” Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 3 (1997): 735–62.
  • Terzioğlu, Derin. “Bir Tercüme ve Bir İntihal Vakası: Ya Da İbn Teymiyye ‘nin Siyâsetü ‘ş-Şeriyye ‘sini Osmanlıcaya Kim(ler) Nasıl Aktardı.” Journal of Turkish Studies: Türklük Bilgisi Araştırmaları 31, no. 2 (2007): 247–75.
  • Terzioğlu, Derin. “How to Conceptualize Ottoman Sunnitization: A Historiographical Discussion.” Turcica 44 (2013 2012): 301–38.
  • Terzioğlu, Derin. “Ibn Taymiyya, al-Siyāsa al-Shar‘iyya and the Early Modern Ottomans.” In Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450-c. 1750, edited by Tijana Krstić and Derin Terzioğlu, 101–54. Leiden: Brill, 2020.
  • Terzioğlu, Derin. “Power, Patronage and Confessionalism: Ottoman Politics as Seen through the Eyes of a Crimean Sufi, 1580-1593.” In Halcyon Days in Crete IX, Political Thought and Practice in the Ottoman Empire, edited by Marinos Sariyannis, 149–86. Rethymno: Crete University Press, 2019.
  • Terzioğlu, Derin. “Sufis in the Age of State-Building and Confessionalization.” In The Ottoman World, 86–99. London: Routledge, 2012.
  • Terzioğlu, Derin. “Where ʻİlm-i Ḥāl Meets Catechism: Islamic Manuals of Religious Instruction in the Ottoman Empire in the Age of Confessionalization.” Past & Present 220, no. 1 (2013): 79–114.
  • Tezcan, Baki. “The Definition of Sultanic Legitimacy in the Sixteenth Century Ottoman Empire: The Ahlâk-i Alâ’î of Kinalizâde Alî C̦elebi (1510-1572).” PhD Thesis, Princeton University, 1996.
  • Tezcan, Baki. The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  • Uğur, Ahmet. Osmanlı Siyaset-Nameleri. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları, 2001.
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  • Weinstein, Donald. Savonarola and Florence: Prophecy and Patriotism in the Renaissance. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.
  • Winter, Michael. “Egypt and Syria in the Sixteenth Century.” In The Mamluk-Ottoman Transition: Continuity and Change in Egypt and Bilād al-Shām in the Sixteenth Century, edited by Stephan Conermann and Gül Şen, 33–56. Ottoman Studies / Osmanistische Studien. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2016.
  • Winter, Michael. Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517-1798. London: Routledge, 1992.
  • Winter, Michael. Society and Religion in Early Ottoman Egypt: Studies in the Writings of ’Abd Al-Wahhab Al-Sha’rani. Routledge, 2017.
  • Yılmaz, Coşkun. “Osmanlı Siyaset Düşüncesi Kaynakları Ile İlgili Yeni Bir Kavramsallaştırma: Islahatnâmeler.” Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi, no. 2 (2003): 299–338.
  • Yılmaz, Hüseyin. Caliphate Redefined: The Mystical Turn in Ottoman Political Thought. Princeton University Press, 2018.
  • Yılmaz, Hüseyin. “Mevlânâ Osmanlı Sarayında: Mahmud Dede’nin Sevâkıbu’l-Menakıb’ında Siyasi İmgeler.” In Osmanlı’da İlm-i Tasavvuf, 735–43. İstanbul: İSAR Yayınları, 2018.
  • Yılmaz, Hüseyin. “Osmanlı Devletinde Batılılaşma Öncesi Meşrutiyetçi Gelişmeler.” Divan: Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi, no. 24 (2008): 1–30.
  • Yılmaz, Hüseyin. “Osmanlı Tarihçiliğinde Tanzimat Öncesi Siyaset Düşüncesine Yaklaşımlar.” Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi, no. 2 (2003): 231–98.
  • Yılmaz, Hüseyin. “The Sultan and the Sultanate: Envisioning Rulership in the Age of Suleyman the Lawgiver (1520-1566).” PhD Thesis, Harvard University, 2005.
  • Yılmaz, Şakir. “Gazzâlî ve Osmanlı Siyaseti: Nasîhatü’l-Mülûk’ün Kanûnî Devrinde Gerçekleşen Tercümeleri.” In Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman ve Dönemi : Yeni Kaynaklar, Yeni Yaklaşımlar, edited by M. Fatih Çalışır, Suraiya Faroqhi, and Şakir Yılmaz, 189–213. İstanbul: İbn Haldun Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2020.
Toplam 159 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Arif Erbil 0000-0001-9369-3034

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Erbil, A. (2022). Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi, 20(39), 233-260. https://doi.org/10.55842/talid.1022277
AMA Erbil A. Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review. TALİD. Temmuz 2022;20(39):233-260. doi:10.55842/talid.1022277
Chicago Erbil, Arif. “Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review”. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi 20, sy. 39 (Temmuz 2022): 233-60. https://doi.org/10.55842/talid.1022277.
EndNote Erbil A (01 Temmuz 2022) Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi 20 39 233–260.
IEEE A. Erbil, “Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review”, TALİD, c. 20, sy. 39, ss. 233–260, 2022, doi: 10.55842/talid.1022277.
ISNAD Erbil, Arif. “Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review”. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi 20/39 (Temmuz 2022), 233-260. https://doi.org/10.55842/talid.1022277.
JAMA Erbil A. Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review. TALİD. 2022;20:233–260.
MLA Erbil, Arif. “Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review”. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 39, 2022, ss. 233-60, doi:10.55842/talid.1022277.
Vancouver Erbil A. Legalistic Discourse in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Political Thought: A Literature Review. TALİD. 2022;20(39):233-60.