Çemka Höyük Geç Epipaleolitik/Proto Neolitik Dönem Yontma Taş Alet Tekno-Tipolojisi

Öz

Proto Neolitik Dönem olarak isimlendirilen ve MÖ on birinci ve onuncu bin başlarına tarihlenen, Geç Epipaleolitik Dönem, Bereketli Hilal’in doğusunda bulunan ve Younger Dryas boyunca yerleşik yaşama geçmeye başlayan toplulukları ifade etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Yirminci yüzyılın ilk yarısından itibaren kuzeybatı Zagros Bölgesi’nde bulunan yerleşim yerleri üzerinden tanımlanmaya başlanan bu dönem uzun süre boyunca tartışma dışı kalmış olmakla birlikte özellikle 2000’li yıllardan itibaren Yukarı Dicle Vadisi’nde bulunan yerleşim yerlerinde tespit edilen Younger Dryas tabakalarının tanımlanması için yeniden kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Söz konusu dönem, mimari açıdan az sayıda veri ile temsil edilmekte ve Zagros gelenekli olduğu düşünülen yontma taş alet endüstrisi ile temsil edilmektedir. Ayrıca bilhassa yontma taş alet endüstrisi üzerinden yapılan bu dönemin tanımlanmasının artık sadece kuzeybatı Zagros Bölgesi için kullanılmadığı ve Yukarı Dicle Vadisi ve Doğu Cezire Bölgesi için de kullanılmaya başladığı görülmektedir (Doğu Bereketli Hilal). 2019 yılında yürütülen kazılar sonrasında Çemka Höyük yerleşim yerinde de tespit edilen Younger Dryas tabakaları Yukarı Dicle Vadisi’nde MÖ on birinci-onuncu binde yontma taş alet endüstrisi üzerine yeni bilgiler vermekte ve hem yerel hem de bölgeler arası ilişkilerin yeniden tartışılmasına ve tanımlanmasına katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çemka Höyük
• Proto Neolitik Dönem
• Zagros
• Yukarı Dicle Vadisi
• Yontmataş alet endüstrisi.

Techno-Typological Analysis of the Late Epipaleolithic/ Proto-Neolithic Chipped Stone Tools at Çemka Höyük

Öz

The Late Epipaleolithic period, also referred to as the Proto-Neolithic and dated back to the eleventh millennium BCE and early tenth millennium BCE, is closely linked with the communities located east of the Fertile Crescent that began to be settled during the Younger Dryas. This period, which started in the first half of the twentieth century and is defined by settlements in the northwestern Zagros region, has long been under the radar, but has been catching on again, especially since the 2000s, for the identification of a Younger Dryas layer found in settlements in the Upper Tigris Valley. The period in question has few architectural data for support and is represented by the chipped stone tool industry, which is thought to be observed in Zagros. It also appears that this period, which was primarily defined through its chipped stone tool industry, is no longer limited to the northwestern Zagros region, but also now includes the Upper Tigris Valley and the Eastern Jazeera (Eastern Fertile Crescent) region. The Younger Dryas layers, also found in the Çemka Höyük settlement during the 2019 excavations, shed new light on the chipped stone tool industry in the Upper Tigris Valley between the eleventh and tenth millennium BCE. The layers also contribute to redeliberating and redefining local and interregional relations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Proto-Neolithic
• Upper Tigris Valley
• Chipped Stone Tool Industry
• Çemka Höyük
• Zagros

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