İklim Değişikliğinin Süt Sığırcılığı Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Gıda Güvencesi ve Ekonomik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 29 - 35, 22.12.2016

Gökçe Koç Ayşe Uzmay

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin süt sığırcılığı üzerinde, sıcaklık stresi, süt üretiminin ve kalitesinin düşmesi, büyüme ve doğurganlığın azalması, hastalıkların yaygınlaşması, yem bitkileri ve suyun bulunabilirliğinin azalması gibi olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu etkiler, global olarak insan beslenmesinde hayvansal proteinin sağlanıp/sağlanamayacağı ve ekonomik refah kaybının ne olacağına dair tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu kapsamda, çalışmanın üç önemli amacı bulunmaktadır; ilki, iklim değişikliğinin süt miktarına etkisi nedeniyle gıda güvencesi açısından olası etkilerinin tartışılması, ikincisi ise süt sığırcılığında işletme ve makro düzeyde ortaya çıkan ve çıkabilecek ekonomik refah kayıplarının belirlenmesidir. Son olarak da alınması gereken tedbirlerin neler olduğunun ortaya konmasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında, konuyla ilgili makro ve mikro düzeydeki araştırma sonuçları incelenmiştir. Kısıtlı sayıdaki literatür ve ülke sonuçları, iklim değişikliğinin süt sığırcılığı üzerindeki etkilerinin bölgeler arası farklılıklar olmakla birlikte üretim miktarına olumsuz etkisinin olacağı ve ekonomik kayıplar yaşanacağı yönündedir. Bu kapsamda, iklim değişikliğine uyumlu yerel ve sürdürülebilir gıda sistemleri üzerine ulusal ve uluslararası politikaların oluşturulması ve uygulanması son derece önem taşımaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim değişikliği, süt sığırcılığı, gıda güvencesi

Evaluation of the Effects of Climate Change on Dairy Farming in terms of Food Security and Economy

Öz

Climate change has negative effects on dairy farming such as heat stress, production and quality loss on milk yield, the decrease in growth and fertility, the proliferation of diseases. These effects are bringing up arguments like whether providing animal protein globally for human nutrition is possible or not and what will be the economic losses. In this scope, the study has three main purposes. First, arguing the possible effects of climate change by means of food security as it affects the milk yield. Second; determining the potential and actual economic losses in macro and business levels of dairy farming. And lastly, determining the necessary precautions. In the scope of the study, micro and macro level research results related to this topic are examined. The limited number of litterateur and country results are in the direction of climate change's effect on dairy farming shows the cross-domain diversity and it will have a negative impact on yield and cause economic losses. In this context, setting off and implementing international and national regulations for local and sustainable systems coherent to climate change is substantial. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

climate change, dairy farming, food security

Kaynakça

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