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Asompsiyonistlerin Osmanlı Topraklarında Dini Lider Arayışı: Victorin Galabert'in Günlüğünde (1862-1867) Bulgar Uniat Kilisesi Hareketi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 71, 324 - 348, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.35239/tariharastirmalari.1038762

Öz

Bulgarlar ondokuzuncu yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Rum Patrikhanesi'nden bağımsız bir ulusal kilise kurmaya çalıştılar. Bu, Roma Katolik Kilisesi'nin Osmanlı topraklarındaki misyonerlik faaliyetlerinin Asompsiyonist mezhebi aracılığıyla yayılmasıyla aynı zamana denk geldi. Bu mezhebin bir üyesi olan Fransız piskopos Victorin Galabert Katolik misyonerlik çalışmalarını yürütmek üzere 1862'de İstanbul'a gönderildi. Özellikle Bulgar Katolik-Uniat Kilisesi'ni kurmakla görevlendirildi. Görevi sırasında Galabert, kişisel deneyimlerinin ve gittiği yerler ve tanık olduğu olaylarla ilgili izlenimlerinin bir günlüğünü tuttu. Araştırmacılar tarafından bu güne kadar incelenmemiş olan bu günlük, Osmanlı coğrafyasındaki Katolik Ortodoks ihtilafına yakından bakışın yanı sıra, bir Bulgar ulusal kilisesi kurma çabalarının neden başarısızlığa uğradığına dair önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Galabert'in günlüğünün ortaya koyduğu bilgiler ışığında 1860'lı yıllarda bağımsız bir Bulgar ulusal kilisesi kurma girişimlerinin neden başarısız olduğunu incelemektir. Bu çalışma, Bulgar ulusal kilisesi kurma çabalarının başarısız olmasının temel nedenlerinin, Katolik Kilisesi'nin bölgedeki Rus etkisini hafife alması ve Bulgarlar ile Katolik Kilisesi arasındaki güven sorunu olduğunu ileri sürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Andıç, Fuat, Süphan Andıç, Sadrazam Ali Paşa, Hayatı, Zamanı ve Siyasi Vasiyetnamesi, (Istanbul: Eren, 2000).
  • Armanet, C., 'Le mouvement des Bulgares vers Rome en 1860 (fin)', Échos d'Orient, Vol. 13, No. 81, (1910), pp.101-110.
  • Babot, C., 'Chapitre I: Évolution Et Caracteristiques Des Missions Dans L'empire Ottoman' in La mission des augustins de l’assomption à Eski-Chéhir, 1891–1924, (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2011), pp. 9-50.
  • Eade, J., 'Pilgrimage, the Assumptionists and Catholic Evangelisation in a Changing Europe: Lourdes and Plovdiv', Cargo, Vol.10, No.1–2, (2012), pp.27-46.
  • Fabrègues, C., 'Le vicariat apostolique bulgare de Thrace', Échos d'Orient, Vol.7, No.44, (1904), pp. 80-84.
  • Fairey, J., The Great Powers and Orthodox Christendom. The Crisis Over the Eastern Church in the Era of the Crimean War, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
  • Frazee, C. A., Catholics and Sultans. The church and the Ottoman Empire, (London: Cambridge University Press, 1983).
  • Gadille, J., Histoire Du Christianisme Des Origines à Nos Jours, Libéralisme, Industrialisation, Expansion Européenne (1830-1914), Vol.11, (Paris: Desclée-Fayard, 1995).
  • Galabert, Victorin, Journal, Tome Premier, (1862-1866), (Sofia: Les Archives Parlent-1, Université SV. Kliment Okhridski, 1998).
  • Galabert, Victorin, Journal, Tome Deuxiéme, (1867-1869), (Sofia: Les Archives Parlent-8, Université SV. Kliment Okhridski, 2000).
  • Georgiadou, V., 'Greek Orthodoxy and the Politics of Nationalism,' International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol.9, No.2 (1995).
  • Gök, Nejdet, 'An Introduction to the Berat in Ottoman Diplomatics', Bulgarian Historical Review Vol. 3-4, (2001), pp. 141-150.
  • Gülseven, Aslı, 'Russian Foreign Policy in the Ottoman Balkans (1856-1875): N. P. Ignatiev and the Slavic Benevolent Committee,' (PhD diss., İ. D. Bilkent University, 2017).
  • Kalkandjieva, D., 'The Bulgarian Eastern Catholic Church' in Eastern Christianity an Politics in the Twenty-first Century, ed. L. N. Leustean, (New York: Routledge, 2017), pp.681-703.
  • Karpat, Kemal, Balkanlarda Osmanlı Mirası ve Ulusçuluk, (çev. R. Boztemur) (Ankara: İmge, 2004).
  • Khevrolina, V. M., Nikolai Pavlovich Ignatiev, Rossiiskii Diplomat (Moskva: Kvadriga, 2009).
  • Koinova, M., Catholics of Bulgaria, Centre for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe – South East Europe, 1999, www.cedime.net, access: 19.122.2021.
  • Kolupaev, V. E., 'Bolgarskiy Arkhiepiskop Iocif Sokolskiy i ego sviaz s Rimom', Studia Humanitatis (International electronic journal) (2016), Vol.1.
  • Macar, E., İstanbul’un Yok Olmuş İki Cemaati. Doğu Ritli Katolik Rumlar ve Bulgarlar, (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2002), pp.112-113.
  • Martin, Jugie, 'Le P. d'Alzon et l'Orient. À propos de son centenaire', Échos d'Orient, Vol.13, No.84, (1910), pp.257-266.
  • Meininger, T., Ignatiev and the Establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate (1864–1872) (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1970).
  • Mevsim, Hüseyin, 'Bulgarlar Arasında Katolik Propagandası Yapan Bir Gazete: Bılgariya (1859-1863)', Kebikeç, No.50, (2020), pp.259-262.
  • Moroz-Grzelak, L., 'The Slavic Aspect in the Bulgarian Mission of the Resurrectionists', Bulgarian Historical Review, (2014).
  • Nikov, P., Vzrazhdanie na Blgarakiia Narod (Sofiia: Strashimir Slavchev, 1929).
  • O'Connor, R. F., 'The Capuchin Mission in Bulgaria and Reunion with Rome', American Catholic Quarterly Review, XLIII (1918), 205-27.
  • Sofranov, Ivan, Histoire du mouvement bulgare vers Eglise Catholique au XIX siecle, Premiere Periode Les Origines (1855-1865), Vol.1, (Rome, Paris, New York, Tournai: Desclée & Cie-Editeurs. 1960).
  • Vovchenko, Denis, Containing Balkan Nationalism: Imperial Russia and Ottoman Christians, 1856-1914, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).

The Assumptionists' Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert's Diary (1862-1867)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 71, 324 - 348, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.35239/tariharastirmalari.1038762

Öz

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Bulgarians sought to establish a national church independent from the Greek Patriarchate. This coincided with the expansion of the missionary activities of the Roman Catholic Church in the Ottoman lands through the Assumptionist sect. A member of this sect, the French bishop Victorin Galabert, was sent to Constantinople in 1862 to conduct Catholic missionary work. He was specifically assigned to establish the Bulgarian Catholic-Uniate Church. During his assignment, Galabert kept a diary of his personal experiences and impressions of the places he went and the events he witnessed. His diary, which apparently has never been studied by scholars, offers a close-up view of the Catholic orthodox conflict in Ottoman geography, as well as unique clues as to why efforts to establish a Bulgarian national church failed. The purpose of this study is to reconsider why the attempts to establish an independent Bulgarian national church failed in the 1860s, in the light of the information revealed by Galabert's diary. This study argues that the main reasons for the failure of efforts to establish a Bulgarian national church are the Catholic Church's underestimation of Russian influence in the region, and the problem of trust between the Bulgarians and the Catholic Church.

Kaynakça

  • Andıç, Fuat, Süphan Andıç, Sadrazam Ali Paşa, Hayatı, Zamanı ve Siyasi Vasiyetnamesi, (Istanbul: Eren, 2000).
  • Armanet, C., 'Le mouvement des Bulgares vers Rome en 1860 (fin)', Échos d'Orient, Vol. 13, No. 81, (1910), pp.101-110.
  • Babot, C., 'Chapitre I: Évolution Et Caracteristiques Des Missions Dans L'empire Ottoman' in La mission des augustins de l’assomption à Eski-Chéhir, 1891–1924, (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2011), pp. 9-50.
  • Eade, J., 'Pilgrimage, the Assumptionists and Catholic Evangelisation in a Changing Europe: Lourdes and Plovdiv', Cargo, Vol.10, No.1–2, (2012), pp.27-46.
  • Fabrègues, C., 'Le vicariat apostolique bulgare de Thrace', Échos d'Orient, Vol.7, No.44, (1904), pp. 80-84.
  • Fairey, J., The Great Powers and Orthodox Christendom. The Crisis Over the Eastern Church in the Era of the Crimean War, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
  • Frazee, C. A., Catholics and Sultans. The church and the Ottoman Empire, (London: Cambridge University Press, 1983).
  • Gadille, J., Histoire Du Christianisme Des Origines à Nos Jours, Libéralisme, Industrialisation, Expansion Européenne (1830-1914), Vol.11, (Paris: Desclée-Fayard, 1995).
  • Galabert, Victorin, Journal, Tome Premier, (1862-1866), (Sofia: Les Archives Parlent-1, Université SV. Kliment Okhridski, 1998).
  • Galabert, Victorin, Journal, Tome Deuxiéme, (1867-1869), (Sofia: Les Archives Parlent-8, Université SV. Kliment Okhridski, 2000).
  • Georgiadou, V., 'Greek Orthodoxy and the Politics of Nationalism,' International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol.9, No.2 (1995).
  • Gök, Nejdet, 'An Introduction to the Berat in Ottoman Diplomatics', Bulgarian Historical Review Vol. 3-4, (2001), pp. 141-150.
  • Gülseven, Aslı, 'Russian Foreign Policy in the Ottoman Balkans (1856-1875): N. P. Ignatiev and the Slavic Benevolent Committee,' (PhD diss., İ. D. Bilkent University, 2017).
  • Kalkandjieva, D., 'The Bulgarian Eastern Catholic Church' in Eastern Christianity an Politics in the Twenty-first Century, ed. L. N. Leustean, (New York: Routledge, 2017), pp.681-703.
  • Karpat, Kemal, Balkanlarda Osmanlı Mirası ve Ulusçuluk, (çev. R. Boztemur) (Ankara: İmge, 2004).
  • Khevrolina, V. M., Nikolai Pavlovich Ignatiev, Rossiiskii Diplomat (Moskva: Kvadriga, 2009).
  • Koinova, M., Catholics of Bulgaria, Centre for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe – South East Europe, 1999, www.cedime.net, access: 19.122.2021.
  • Kolupaev, V. E., 'Bolgarskiy Arkhiepiskop Iocif Sokolskiy i ego sviaz s Rimom', Studia Humanitatis (International electronic journal) (2016), Vol.1.
  • Macar, E., İstanbul’un Yok Olmuş İki Cemaati. Doğu Ritli Katolik Rumlar ve Bulgarlar, (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2002), pp.112-113.
  • Martin, Jugie, 'Le P. d'Alzon et l'Orient. À propos de son centenaire', Échos d'Orient, Vol.13, No.84, (1910), pp.257-266.
  • Meininger, T., Ignatiev and the Establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate (1864–1872) (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1970).
  • Mevsim, Hüseyin, 'Bulgarlar Arasında Katolik Propagandası Yapan Bir Gazete: Bılgariya (1859-1863)', Kebikeç, No.50, (2020), pp.259-262.
  • Moroz-Grzelak, L., 'The Slavic Aspect in the Bulgarian Mission of the Resurrectionists', Bulgarian Historical Review, (2014).
  • Nikov, P., Vzrazhdanie na Blgarakiia Narod (Sofiia: Strashimir Slavchev, 1929).
  • O'Connor, R. F., 'The Capuchin Mission in Bulgaria and Reunion with Rome', American Catholic Quarterly Review, XLIII (1918), 205-27.
  • Sofranov, Ivan, Histoire du mouvement bulgare vers Eglise Catholique au XIX siecle, Premiere Periode Les Origines (1855-1865), Vol.1, (Rome, Paris, New York, Tournai: Desclée & Cie-Editeurs. 1960).
  • Vovchenko, Denis, Containing Balkan Nationalism: Imperial Russia and Ottoman Christians, 1856-1914, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Aslı Yiğit Gülseven

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 71

Kaynak Göster

APA Yiğit Gülseven, A. (2022). The Assumptionists’ Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert’s Diary (1862-1867). Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 41(71), 324-348. https://doi.org/10.35239/tariharastirmalari.1038762
AMA Yiğit Gülseven A. The Assumptionists’ Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert’s Diary (1862-1867). TAD. Mart 2022;41(71):324-348. doi:10.35239/tariharastirmalari.1038762
Chicago Yiğit Gülseven, Aslı. “The Assumptionists’ Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert’s Diary (1862-1867)”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 41, sy. 71 (Mart 2022): 324-48. https://doi.org/10.35239/tariharastirmalari.1038762.
EndNote Yiğit Gülseven A (01 Mart 2022) The Assumptionists’ Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert’s Diary (1862-1867). Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 41 71 324–348.
IEEE A. Yiğit Gülseven, “The Assumptionists’ Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert’s Diary (1862-1867)”, TAD, c. 41, sy. 71, ss. 324–348, 2022, doi: 10.35239/tariharastirmalari.1038762.
ISNAD Yiğit Gülseven, Aslı. “The Assumptionists’ Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert’s Diary (1862-1867)”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 41/71 (Mart 2022), 324-348. https://doi.org/10.35239/tariharastirmalari.1038762.
JAMA Yiğit Gülseven A. The Assumptionists’ Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert’s Diary (1862-1867). TAD. 2022;41:324–348.
MLA Yiğit Gülseven, Aslı. “The Assumptionists’ Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert’s Diary (1862-1867)”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 41, sy. 71, 2022, ss. 324-48, doi:10.35239/tariharastirmalari.1038762.
Vancouver Yiğit Gülseven A. The Assumptionists’ Quest For a Religious Leader in The Ottoman Lands: The Bulgarian Uniate Church Movement in Victorin Galabert’s Diary (1862-1867). TAD. 2022;41(71):324-48.