Double Monasteries in Christianity with its Effects and Problems and its Reflections to Present

Öz

Double monasteries are religious sites where monks and nuns live according to common rules and are usually ruled by an abbess. In these monasteries, monks and nuns gathered for Eucharist and daily worship but lived in their convents for the rest of the day. Double monasteries emerged especially in Egypt in the early Christianity and became widespread in England, Ireland and France between the 6th and 9th centuries. Although these monasteries were banned by various councils, due to the coexistence of men and women, they remained alive until the late period of the Middle Ages. Although they have disappeared after the council decisions and invasions, there is a double monastery in England adhered to the Orthodox Church. On the other hand, there are efforts to create a new gender paradigm by giving examples from the common life of double monasteries in Christianity. Therefore, double monasteries are an important issue in terms of including subjects such as Church, women and authority. The article discusses the effects, problems, structures and history of these monasteries. The article aims to provide resources for studies such as the Church, women, monastic life, and Christian mysticism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• History of Religion
• Christianity
• Monastery
• Double Monasteries
• Catholic Church

Etkileri ve Problemleriyle Hıristiyanlıkta Çifte Manastırlar ve Günümüze Yansımaları

Öz

Çifte manastırlar, genellikle bir başrahibe tarafından yönetilen ve keşiş-lerle rahibelerin ortak kurallara bağlı olarak yaşadıkları dinî mekanlardır. Bu manastırlarda keşiş ve rahibeler evharistiya ve günlük ibadetler gibi ayinlerde bir araya gelmekte, ancak günün geri kalan zamanlarında kendi bölümlerinde yaşamaktadır. Hıristiyanlığın erken dönemlerinde özellikle Mısır’da ortaya çıkan bu manastırlar, 6. ve 9. yüzyıllar arasında İngiltere, İrlanda ve Fransa’da yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu manastırlar erkek ve kadınların bir arada yaşamaları nedeniyle farklı konsillerle yasaklansa da Ortaçağ’ın geç dönemlerine kadar varlıklarını sürdürmüşlerdir. Konsil kararları ve istilalar nedeniyle artık örneklerine rastlanmasa da İngiltere’de Ortodoks Kilisesine bağlı bir çifte manastır bulunmaktadır. Diğer taraftan günümüzde Hıristiyanlıkta çifte manastırlarda tarihte yaşanan ortak yaşamdan örnekler verilerek yeni bir cinsiyet paradigması oluşturma çalışmaları görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla çifte manastırlar Kilise, kadın ve otorite gibi konuları kapsamı bakımından önemli bir konudur. Çalışmada bu manastırların yapıları, etkileri, problemleri ve tarihsel süreci ele alınmıştır. Makalenin Kilise, kadın, manastır hayatı ve Hıristiyan mistisizmi gibi çalışmalara kaynaklık teşkil etmesi beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dinler Tarihi
• Hıristiyanlık
• Manastır
• Çifte Manastır
• Katolik Kilisesi

Kaynakça

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