Domates güvesi, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) mücadelesinde Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki ve bazı çevre dostu pestisitlerin etkileri

Öz

Domates güvesi, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) 2010-2011 yıllarında domates yetiştirilen iki serada (Kırıkhan-Hatay’da bir üretici serasında ve Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi (MKÜ) uygulama serasında) araştırılmış; ayrıca sera çalışmalarında elde edilen sonuçlar, 2011 yılında Reyhanlı (Hatay)‟da bir üretici tarlasında gözlenmiştir. Çalışmalar Kırıkhan‟daki serada Bt (100 g/hl) ve thiodicarb (60 g/hl) ile yapılmıştır. Deneme üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş; her parselde 10‟ar bitkide bulaşık yaprakçıklar uzaklaştırılarak ilaçlar uygulanmıştır. Uygulamadan 15 gün sonra bulaşık yaprakçık ve meyve oranları belirlenmiştir. Bu denemedeki yaprakçık ve meyvelerde bulaşma oranları Bt parsellerinde % 1.67 ± 0.22 ve % 2.23 ± 0.20, thiodicarb‟da % 3.03 ± 0.45 ve % 2.15 ± 0.25 ve şahitte % 21.20 ± 2.03 ve % 16.50 ± 0.51 olarak belirlenmiştir. MKÜ serasında ise Bt (100 g/hl), cyromazine (20 g/hl), diflubenzuron (50 g/hl), lufenuron (30 ml/hl), CTPR+abamectin (80 ml/hl) üç tekerrürlü olarak denenmiştir. MKÜ serasındaki denemeler, biri Bakanlık standart yöntemine (sayım 15 gün sonra yapılacak şekilde değiştirilerek), diğeri yukarıda belirtilen yönteme göre değerlendirilmiştir.Bu denemde yaprakçık bulaşma oranları Bt parselinde ortalama % 15.0 ± 1.15; cyromazine‟de % 24.42 ± 1.74; diflubenzuron‟da % 25.97 ± 2.55; lufenuron‟da % 32.33 ± 4.16; CTPR+abamectin‟de % 4.94 ± 0.67 ve şahitte‟de % 23.45±3.85 olmuştur. Bu serada yapılan diğer denemede bitki başına canlı larva sayısı Bt parselinde 0.12; cyromazine‟de 0.28; diflubenzuron‟da 0.34; lufenuron‟da 0.07; CTPR+abamectin‟de 0.17 ve şahitte 0.38 olmuştur. Reyhanlı‟da yapılan tarla denemesinde de Bt’nin T. absoluta zararını önlemede, uygulama yapılmayan şahit parsellere göre etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. T. absoluta mücadelesinde CTPR+abamectin en etkili ilaç olarak gözlenmiş, bunu Bt izlemiştir. Domates yetiştiriciliğinde T. absoluta zararının önlenmesinde insan ve çevre sağlığı yönünden güvenli bir biyo-pestisit olarak Bt’nin kullanılabileceği vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tuta absoluta
• çevre dostu pestisitler
• Bacillus thuringiensis var
• kurstaki

Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and some environmentally friendly pesticides on the Tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Öz

The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Bt) and some environmentally friendly pesticides, along with clorantraniliprole (CTPR)+abamectin, against the Tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), which is injurious to tomato, were studied in 2010-2011 in two greenhouses and under field conditions in Reyhanlı (Hatay), Turkey. For this purpose, Bt (100 g/hl) and thiodicarb (60g/hl) were tested in a commercial greenhouse. The experiment was conducted with 3 replications, 10 plants of each plot were cleared from infested parts before the application. Fifteen days after the application, infested leaflets and fruits were counted. Infestation rates were 1.67% ± 0.22 and 2.23% ± 0.20 for Bt, 3.03% ± 0.45 and 2.15% ± 0.25 for thiodicarb and 21.20% ±2.03 and 16.50%±0.51 for untreated plots, respectively. In the MKU campus greenhouse, Bt (100 g/hl), cyromazine (20 g/hl), diflubenzuron (50 g/hl), lufenuron (30 ml/hl) and CTPR+abamectin (80 ml/hl) were tested with 3 replications. One of the trials was conducted according to the method described above, and the other one was conducted according to the Ministry‟s standard method (except the day of counting to be the 15th day). Leaflet infestation levels for the trial in the campus greenhouse for the above mentioned pesticides were 15% ± 1.15, 24.42% ± 1.74, 25.97% ± 2.55, 32.33% ± 4.16, and 4.94% ± 0.67, respectively, while the untreated control was 23.45% ± 3.85. The mean numbers of live larvae per plant for Bt, cyromazine, diflubenzuron, lufenuron and CTPR+abamectin plots were 0.12, 0.28, 0.34, 0.07 and 0.17, respectively, and 0.38 for the untreated control. In conclusion, CTPR+abamectin appears to be the most effective pesticide, followed by Bt. Bt applications were also effective in controlling T. absoluta damage under field conditions in Reyhanlı. The results of the present study suggest that the use of Bt, an environmentally friendly bio-pesticide considered safe for human health, to reduce T. absoluta damage in tomatoes should be further investigated in larger trials.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tuta absoluta
• friendly pesticides
• Bacillus thuringiensis var
• kurstaki

Kaynakça

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