Bazı Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) popülasyonlarında genetik çeşitlilik

Öz

Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), geniş bir konukçu dizisine sahip önemli bir yaprak biti parazitoididir. L. confusus'taki genetik çeşitlilik, Adana ve Hatay illerinde konukçu yaprak biti, konukçu bitki ve yükseklik açısından PCR-RFLP yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. PCR-RFLP yöntemi ile SacI, AccI, HpyCH4III ve EcoP151 enzimlerinin 709 bp mitokondriyal COI gen bölgesinde enzim kesim noktaları saptanmıştır. Gen dizileri diğer ülkelerden (Sırbistan, Çin, Fransa ve İran) olan örnekler karşılaştırıldı ve net sapmaları belirlendi. Balcalı (11) ve Ceyhan (4) örnekleri İran örneğine yakınken, Erzin (5) Sırp ve diğer İran örneğine yakın olarak bulundu. Seyhan'dan Cucumis melo L, Gülek (Pozantı) den Solanum nigrum L., Saimbeyli'den Citrullus lanatus (Tunb.), Ceyhan'dan S. nigrum ve Balcalı'dan Vicia sativa L. örnekleri, PCR-RFLP ile sırasıyla SacI, HpyCH4III, EcoP151 ve EcoP151 ile AccI enzimleri tarafından sırayla kesildiği belirlendi yükseklik, konukçu afit ve bitki türlerine bağlı spesifik genetik çeşitlilik saptanmadı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genetik çeşitlilik,Braconidae,PCR-RFLP,biyolojik kontrol

Genetic diversity in some Lysiphlebus confusus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidinae) populations

Öz

Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) is an important aphid parasitoid that has a wide host range. Genetic diversity in L. confusus was studied by the PCR-RFLP method in terms of host aphid, host plant, and altitude in Adana and Hatay Provinces, Turkey. Restriction sites of SacI, AccI, HpyCH4III, and EcoP151 enzymes on the 709 bp mitochondrial COI gene region was detected by PCR-RFLP method. The sequences were compared with specimens from other countries (Serbia, China, France and Iran) and their net divergence were determined. While the Balcalı (11) and Ceyhan (4) populations were close to the Iran specimen, Erzin (5) was close to the Serbian and other Iran specimens. The specimens of Cucumis melo L. from Seyhan, Solanum nigrum L. from Gülek (Pozantı), Citrullus lanatus (Tunb.) from Saimbeyli, S. nigrum from Ceyhan, and Vicia sativa L. from Balcalı were digested with SacI, HpyCH4III, EcoP151, and both EcoP151 and AccI by PCR-RFLP, respectively. Specific genetic diversity related to altitude, host aphid and plant species was not determined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genetic diversity,Braconidae,PCR-RFLP,biological control

Kaynakça

1. Aslan, M. M., N. Uygun & P. Stary 2004. A Survey of Aphid Parasitoids in Kahramanmaras, Turkey (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae; and Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Phytoparasitica, 32 (3), 255-263.
2. Auvergue, X., C. Tentelier, G. Genson, P. Audiot, T. Guillemaud & R. Streiff 2005. Microsatellite DNA markers for Lysiphlebus testaceipes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 5 (1), 109-111.
3. Carius, H. J., T. J. Little, & D. Ebert 2001. Genetic variation in a host-parasite association: potential for coevolution and frequency-dependent selection. Evolution, 55 (6), 1136-1145.
4. Crowder, D.W. & R. Jabbour 2014. Relationships between biodiversity and biological control in agroecosystems: Current status and future challenges. Biological Control, 75, 8–17.
5. Deng, Y. X. & J. H. Tsai 1998. Development of Lysiphlebia japonica (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a parasitoid of Toxoptera citricida (Homoptera: Aphididae) at five temperatures. Florida Entomologist, 415-423.
6. Derocles, S. A. P., A. Ralec, M. Plantegenest, B. Chaubet, C. Cruaud, A. Cruaud & J.Y. Rasplus 2011. Identification of molecular markers for DNA barcoding in the Aphidiinae (Hym. Braconidae). Molecular Ecology Resources, 12, 634–645.
7. Fauvergue, X., C. Tentelier, G. Genson, P. Audiot, T. Guillemaud, R. Streiff 2005. Microsatellite DNA markers for Lysiphlebus testaceipes. Molecular Ecology Notes, 5, 109–111.
8. Folmer, O., M. Black, W. Hoeh, R. Lutz & R. Vrijenhoek 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–297.

9. Greenstone, M. H. 2006. Molecular methods for assessing insect parasitism. Bulletin of Entomological Resource, 96: 1–13.
10. Güz, N. & N. Kılınçer 2005. Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) on weeds from Ankara, Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 33 (4):359-366.
11. Henter, H. J. & S. Via 1995. The potential for coevolution in a host‐parasitoid system. I. Genetic variation within an aphid population in susceptibility to a parasitic wasp. Evolution, 49 (3), 427-438.
12. Hopper, R. & W. Powell 1993. Management of genetics of biological-control introduction. Annual Review of Entomology, 38, 27-51.
13. Hufbauer, R. A., S. M. Bogdanowicz & R. G. Harrison 2004. The population genetics of a biological control introduction: mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite variation in native and introduced populations of Aphidus ervi, a parisitoid wasp. Molecular Ecology 13, 337–348.
14. Laamari, M., S. T. Chaouche, C.W. Halimi, S. Benferhat, S. B. Abbes., N. Khenissa & P.Starý 2012. A review of aphid parasitoids and their associations in Algeria (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae; Hemiptera: Aphidoidea). African Entomology, 20 (1), 161–170.
15. Mandal, S. DE, L. Chhakchhuak, G. Gurusubramanian & N. S. Kumar 2014. Mitochondrial markers for identification and phylogenetic studies in insects. A Review. DNA Barcodes, 2, 1–9.
16. Ölmez, S. & M. R. Ulusoy 2003. A Survey of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Diyarbakır, Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 31 (5), 524-528.Rahimi, S., R. Hosseini, J.Hajizadeh & M. M. Sohani 2012. Evaluation of COI and ITS2 sequences ability to distinguish Lysiphlebus fabarum and Lysiphlebus confusus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 31 (2), 53-66.
17. Rasmussen, H. B. 2012. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of PCR-Amplified Fragments (PCR-RFLP) and Gel Electrophoresis - Valuable Tool for Genotyping and Genetic Fingerprinting, Gel Electrophoresis - Principles and Basics, Dr. Sameh Magdeldin (Ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/37724. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics/restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism-analysis-of-pcr-amplified- fragments-pcr-rflp-and-related-te (14.03.2018).
18. Sandrock, C., N. Frauenfelder, S. Von Burg & C. Vorburger 2007. Microsatellite DNA markers for the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum and their applicability to related species. Molecular Ecology Resources, 7 (6), 1080-1083.
19. Satar, S., G. Satar, M. Karacaoğlu & N. Uygun 2009: “Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae)’nin Parazitoitlerinden Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay and Eady, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) ve Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae:Aphidiinae)’in Biyolojik Mücadelede Kullanılma Olanakları Üzerinde Araştırmalar” TUBİTAK TOVAG, Proje No: 105- O- 581.
20. Satar, S. & N. Uygun, 2011. Lysiphlebia japonica (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’nın Aphis spiraecola Patch ve Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) üzerinde bazı biyolojik özeliklerinin belirlenmesi. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 2 (2), 103-118.
21. Satar, S., U. Kersting & R.Yokomi 2013. Presence of two host races of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) collected in Turkey. Annals of Applied Biology, 162 (1), 41-49.
22. Satar, S., Çağlar B. K., Karacaoğlu M. & Tüfekli M. 2013. Türkiye ve Yunanistan’da Yaprakbiti Parazitoitlerinin (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) Moleküler ve Ekolojik Çeşitliliğinin Ortaya Konulması Proje No: 109- O- 807 78 pp.
23. Starý, P., N. G. Kavallieratos, A. Petrović, V. Žikić, E. Rakhshani, S. Tomanović & J. Havelka 2014. Interference of field evidence, morphology, and DNA analyses of three related Lysiphlebus aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Journal of Insect Science, 14 (1), 171 pp
24. Tilmon, K. J., B. N. Danforth, W. H. Day & M. P. Hoffmann 2000. Determining parasitoid species composition in a host population: A molecular approach. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 640–647.
25. Tomanovic, Z., Mitrovic, M., Petrovic, A., N. G. Kavallieratos, V. Zikic, A. Ivanovic, & C. Vorburger, 2018. Revision of the European Lysiphlebus species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) on the basis of COI and 28SD2 molecular markers and morphology. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 76(2), 179-213.
26. Unruh, T. R. & J. B. Woolley, 1999. Molecular methods in classical biological control. Hand book of Biological Control, (Editor: Bellows T. S. and T.W. Fisher), 57-85.
27. Van den Bosch, R., B. D. Frazer, C. S. Davis, P. S. Messenger & R. Hom 1970. An effective walnut aphid parasite from Iran. California Agriculture. 24, 8-10.
28. Vaughn, T. T. & M. F. Antolin 1998. Population genetics of an opportunistic parasitoid in an agricultural landscape. Heredity, 80 (2), 152-162.