Antalya İli topraklarından Galleria mellonella kullanılarak izole edilen potansiyel entomopatojen fungus izolatlarının Myzus persicae’e etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Yeşil şeftali afidi, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Antalya İli’nde seralarda biberlerin önemli bir zararlısıdır. Bu çalışmada, yerel (Antalya İli’ndeki) entomopatojen fungusların belirlenmesi ve M. persicae’ye karşı etkinliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Antalya İli’nde tarımsal faaliyetlerin yoğun olarak yapıldığı ilçelerden 42 toprak örneği alınmıştır. Yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda toplamda 34 adet entomopatojen fungus izolatı elde edilmiştir. Bunlar; 11 Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., 5 adet A. flavus (Linn), 6 adet Fusarium spp., 3 adet Metarhizum spp. ve 9 adet Penicillium spp.’dir. Patojenite testi için her türden üçer adet izolat M. persicae’ye karşı test edilmiştir. Beauveria bassiana, M. persicae’nin 4-5 günlük erginlerinde ortalama %83 ölüme neden olurken, Aspergillus flavus %47, Fusarium spp. %2, Metarhizum spp. %68 ve Penicillium spp. %37 ölüme neden olmuştur. Etki oranları yüksek olan entomopatojen fungus izolatlarının tarımsal zararlılar ile mücadele de kullanılma potansiyellerinin olduğu düşünülmektedir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beauveria bassiana
• Aspergillus flavus
• entomopatojen fungus
• Fusarium spp
• Metarhizum spp.

Isolation of potentially entomopathogenic fungi from soil samples collected in Antalya Province, Turkey by using Galleria mellonella (L.) and determination of their pathogenicity against Myzus persicae, the green peach aphid

Öz

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important pest of peppers in greenhouses in Antalya Province, Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from Galleria melonella baits placed in soil in Antalya Province against M. persicae. A total of 34 isolates of potentially entomopathogenic fungi were collected and identified, namely 11 Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., 5 Aspergillus flavus (Linn), 6 Fusarium spp., 3 Metarhizum spp. and 9 Penicillium spp. In each pathogenicity test, three isolates of each fungal species were tested against M. persicae. Beauveria bassiana caused mean mortality of 83% in 4 and 5 day old adults, while A. flavus, Fusarium spp., Metarhizum spp. and Penicillium spp. caused 47%, 52%, 68% and 37% mortality, respectively. Overall, the results of this study suggest that some of these indigenous Turkish entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to be used in the control of M. persicae.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aspergillus flavus
• Beauveria bassiana
• entomopathogenic fungi
• Fusarium spp
• Metarhizum spp

Kaynakça

1. Arıcı, Ş. E., Gülmez, İ., Demirekin, H., Zahmekıran, H. and Karaca, İ. 2012. Entomopatojen Fusarium subglutinans’ın bakla yaprakbiti, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) üzerine etkisi, Türkiye biyolojik mücadele dergisi 3(1) s:89-96. ISSN 2146-0035
2. Bedding, R.A. and Akhurst, R. (1975) A simple technique for detection of insect parasitic nematodes in soil.Nematologica 21:109–110.
3. Bing, D.S. and Xing, Z.L., 2008. Occurrence and diversity of insect-associated fungi in natural soils in China. Applied Soil Ecology, 39, 100–108.
4. Blackmann, R.L. & V.F. Eastop, 2006. Aphids on the World’s Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
5. Cottier, W., 1953. Aphids of New Zealand.—Bull. N. Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. no. 106, 382 pp.
6. Eken, C., 2011. Isolation, Identification and Preservation of Entomopathogenic Fungi. In: Borgio, J.F., Sahayaraj, K. and Susurluk, I.A. (Eds.), Microbial Insecticides, Principles and Applications. Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, USA, pp. 1-28.
7. Erkılıç, L., Pala, H., Başpınar, N., and Gerin, Y., 1999. Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Bazı Yaprakbiti Türlerinde Entomopatojen Fungusların Belirlenmesi. Türkiye 4. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi, 26-29 Ocak 1999, Adana-Türkiye, 623-632.
8. Görür, G., 2004. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) species on pome fruit trees in Niğde Province of Turkey. Türk. Entomol. Derg. 28 (1), 21-26.

9. Güneş, Ç. & U. Gözel, 2011. Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki Entomopatojen Nematod Faunasının Belirlenmesi. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 2: 103-118.
10. Henderson, C.F. and Tilton, E.W. 1955. “Tests with acaricides against the brown wheat mite”, Journal of Economic Entomology, 48, 157–161.
11. Jandricic, S.E., Filotas, M, Sanderson, J.P., and Wraight, S.P. 2014. Pathogenicity of conidia-based preparations of entomopathogenic fungi against the greenhouse pest aphids Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, and Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae). J Invertebr Pathol. 118:34-46.
12. Kaya H.K. & S.P. Stock, 1997. Techniques in Insect Nematology. In: Lacey L.A. Ed. Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology. Biological Techniques Series. San Diego, London: Academic Press, 281-324.
13. Klingen, I., Eilenberg, J. and Meadow, R. 2002. Effects of farming system, field margins and bait insect on the occurrence of insect pathogenic fungi in soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 91, 191–198.
14. Meyling, N.V., 2007. Methods for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the soil environment. Laboratory Manual, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 1-18.
15. Mráček Z., S. Bečvář & P. Kindlmann 1999. Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes from the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in the Czech Republic. Folia Parasitologica, 46: 145-148.
16. Nguyen K.B., D.I. Shapiro-Ilan, R.J. Stuart, C.W. McCoy, R.R. James & B.J. Adams, 2004. Heterorhabditis mexicana n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from Tamaulipas, Mexico, and morphological studies of the bursa of Heterorhabditis spp. Nematology, 6: 231-244.
17. Perdikis, D. C., Lykouressis, D. P. and Garantonakis, N. G. 2004. Instar preference and parasitization of Aphis gossypii and Myzus pesicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) by the parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphididae). European Journal of Entomology, 101: 333-336.
18. Perdikis, D. Ch. and Lykouressis, D. P. 2004. Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) as a suitable prey for Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) population increase on pepper plant. Environmental Entomology, 33: 499-505.
19. Rashki M., Kharazi-Pakdel, A., Allahyari H. & van Alphen J. J. M. 2009. Interactions among the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), the parasitoid, Aphidius matricariae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and its host, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae), Biological Control, 50: 324-328.
20. Remaudiere, G. & M. Remaudiere, 1997. Catologue des Aphididae du Monde (Catalogue of the WorldÕs Aphididae) Homoptera, Aphidoidea, Preface Par V.F. Eastop, INRA editions, p. 473.
21. Sánchez-Peña, S.R., Lara, J.S.J. and Medina, R.F. 2011. Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi from agricultural and natural ecosystems in Saltillo, México, and their virulence towards thrips and whiteflies. Journal of Insect Science, 11, 1.
22. Satar, H. 2004. Entomopathogen Fungus Fusarium subglutinans’ın Sera Koşullarında Aphis gossypii’ye Karşı Biyolojik Etkinliğinin Denenmesi ve Biyopreparat olarak Kullanım olanaklarının Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi Kod No:796, Adana.
23. Satar, S., Y. Gerin B. and L. Bakırcıoğlu E. 2000. Entomopatojen fungus Fusarium subglutinans'ın laboratuvar koşullarında bazı yaprakbiti türleri üzerindeki etkileri. Türkive 4. Entomoloji Kongresi, Adana, 317-322.
24. Topuz, E., F. Erler & E. Gümrükcü, 2016. Survey of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi and evaluation of their pathogenicity against the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.), and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B. Pest Management Science, 72(12): 2273–2279.
25. von Dohlen, C.D., Moran, N.A. 2000. Molecular data support a rapid radiation of aphids in the Cretaceous and multiple origins of host alternation. Biol J Linn Soc 71, 689–717.
26. von Dohlen, C.D., Rowe, C.A., Heie, O.E., 2006. A test of morphological hypotheses for tribal and subtribal relationships of Aphidinae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) using DNA sequences. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 38, 316–329
27. Zimmermann, G., 1986. The “Galleria bait method” for detection of entomopathogenic fungi in soil. Journal of Applied Entomology, 102, 213–215.