Re-discovery and identification of Iphiseius degenerans (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Turkey, based on morphological and molecular data

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 110 - 123, 03.12.2018

İsmail Döker , Cengiz Kazak , M. Mete Karaca Kamil Karut

https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.463913

Cited By: 2

Öz

The monotypic genus Iphiseius is represented by only Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). This species, which is one of the most common predatory mites in citrus orchards in Mediterranean countries, is an important biological control agent of various pests that include thrips, whiteflies and spider mites. This species was included in a brief report of the Turkish fauna some 50 years ago. However, there was no morphological information, illustrations or collection details of the examined specimens, except for its host plant, sour lemon, and an unknown locality in Mersin Province, Turkey. Since that time, extensive surveys conducted in citrus plantations in both Mersin and Adana Provinces have not confirmed its presence. However, in 2008, 2011 and 2013, a natural population of I. degenerans was encountered in Anıtlı town, near the border with Antalya Province, where it was associated with thrips on a non-cultivated host, Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae). In this study, we re-describe I. degenerans, based on both female and male specimens, and provide all morphological details. The DNAs of the specimens were successfully isolated and amplified using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene marker by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the DNA sequence of the amplified region, as well as other sequences deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The phylogenetic tree and genetic divergence were constructed and estimated, respectively, using the Jukes and Cantor models, respectively. There were no morphological differences in comparison to other populations of I. degenerans. This result was confirmed by the molecular study as no genetic divergence with other populations was found. The results of this study will be useful for further systematic studies on theTurkish Phytoseiidae, and would also help non-expert, phytoseiid taxonomists to correctly identify I. degenerans. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iphiseius degenerans, ITS region, genetic divergence, phylogenetic tree, Turkey

Türkiye’de Iphiseius degenerans (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’ın yeniden saptanması ve moleküler-morfolojik verilere bağlı olarak tanımlanması

Öz

Iphiseius cinsi sadece Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) tarafından temsil edilen monotipik bir cinstir. Bu tür Akdeniz ülkeleri turunçgil bahçelerinde bulunan en yaygın avcı akarlardan biri olup, kırmızıörümcek, beyazsinek ve thrips gibi birçok zararlının biyolojik mücadelesinde kullanılan önemli bir doğal düşmandır. Bu türün Türkiye faunası için varlığı yaklaşık 50 yıl önce Mersin ilinde limon ağaçlarında saptanmış morfolojik özelliklere ve çizimlere yer verilmeden kısaca bildirilmiştir. Ancak daha sonra Adana ve Mersin illeri turunçgil bahçelerinde yapılan kapsamlı sörvey çalışmalarında bu türe rastlanılmamıştır. Iphiseius degenerans’ın doğal populasyonu Mersin ili Anıtlı köyünde thrips ile bulaşık Hedara helix (Araliaceae) bitkileri üzerinde 2008, 2011 ve 2013 yıllarında saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, I. degenerans’ın tanısı erkek ve dişi bireyler üzerinden yeniden yapılmış ve bütün morfolojik özellikleri modern tanımlamalara göre verilmiştir. Avcı akarın DNA’sı ITS gen bölgesine ait primer kullanılarak PZR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) ile elde edilmiş ve çoğaltılmıştır. Filogenetik ağaç, çalışmada elde edilen sekanslar ve NCBI gen bankasında depolanan sekanslar kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Filogenetik ağaç ve genetik uzaklık Jukes & Cantor modeline göre oluşturulmuş ve hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre I. degenerans’n Türkiye populasyonu ile diğer populasyonlar arasında herhangi bir morfolojik farklılık gözlemlenmemiştir. Morfolojik olarak saptanan bu sonuç moleküler yöntemler ile desteklenmiş ve yapılan filogenetik analizlerde tüm I. degenerans türleri aynı grup içerisinde yer almıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları Türkiye’de klasik yöntemler ile yapılan phytoseiid teşhislerinin desteklenmesi açısından fayda sağlayacak, ayrıca uzman olmayan araştırıcıların teşhis yapabilmelerine yardımcı olacaktır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iphiseius degenerans, ITS bölgesi, genetik uzaklık, filogenetik ağaç, Türkiye

Kaynakça

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