Kocaeli ilinde uydu verileri ve yer istasyonu ölçümlerine bağlı olarak hava kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Sanayi faaliyetlerinin ve nüfus miktarının fazla olduğu yerleşim alanlarında hava kalitesinin sürekli kontrolü yaşamsal bir zorunluluktur. Bu öneme bağlı olarak araştırmanın alan kapsamını Kocaeli ili, konu kapsamını ise sahadaki kirleticilerin dağılımı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı çeşitli kaynaklardan atmosfere bırakılan kirleticilerin alansal dağılışını ve atmosferde ulaşacağı yaklaşık yükselti seviyesini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Sentinel-5P (Troposferic Monitoring Instrument) uydusuna ve Kocaeli ilinde bulunan Marmara Temiz Hava Merkezine ait istasyon verileri kullanılmıştır. Uydu verilerine ait analizler Google Earth Engine ara yüzü ile gerçekleştirilmiş, haritalamalarda ise Arc GIS 10.4 programından faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda İzmit ilçesinin körfez kıyısının, Derince ve Körfez ilçeleri sınırını oluşturan sahil şeridinin; Dilovası, Gebze ve Darıca sahil kuşağının hava kirliliğinin en yoğun yaşandığı alanlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca belirlenen aerosol yüksekliğine paralel olarak araştırma sahasında kirleticiler, 0-500 metre yükselti aralığında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Hem uydu hem de yer istasyon verileri incelendiğinde azot oksitler, karbon monoksit ve kükürt dioksit arasında pozitif korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kış mevsiminde atmosferdeki yoğunluğu artan bu gazlar, yaz aylarında seyrelmektedir. Formaldehit ve aerosol indeksi verileri ise fotokimyasal süreçlerin etkisiyle yaz mevsiminde daha yüksek değerler göstermektedir. Kocaeli gibi hem sanayi hem de nüfus anlamında önlerde yer alan şehirlerde, çok yönlü araştırmaların artırılması öncü bilgiler sağlayarak daha sağlıklı bir hava kalitesini beraberinde getirecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kocaeli
• Hava Kirliliği
• Google Earth Engine

Evaluation of air quality based on satellite data and ground station measurements in Kocaeli province

Öz

In areas with heavy industrial activity and population, controlling air pollution is essential for
maintaining a good standard of living. Researchers are drawn to study the behavior of primary
and secondary sources to reduce pollution. Kocaeli is one of the good candidates with high
population and industrial activities. Thus, the scope of the study consists of the distribution
of pollutants in Kocaeli province. The primary objective is to identify the spatial distribution of
pollutants emitted into the atmosphere from various sources as well as the approximate height
at which they will come to a stop. To achieve the goal, data from the Sentinel-5P satellite and
the Marmara Clean Air Center in Kocaeli province were also consulted. Additionally, Arc GIS 10.4
was used for the mapping, and Google Earth Engine was used for processing the satellite data.
The investigation has revealed that the coastal belts of the Dilovas, Gebze, and Darca are those
with the highest levels of air pollution. Pollutant concentrations in the study region have been
concentrated between 0 and 500 meters above the observed aerosol height. It was discovered
that there was a positive correlation between nitrogen oxide derivatives, carbon monoxide, and
sulfur dioxide after both satellite and ground station data were examined. During the winter,
these gases become more dense in the atmosphere, and during the summer, they become less
dense. This state is effectively created by convective motions brought on by conditions of rising
temperature. Data on the aerosol index and formaldehyde reveal greater values throughout the
summer because of photochemical reactions. An improvement in multi-dimensional research
would lead to ground-breaking knowledge and better air quality in cities like Kocaeli, which is
among the first in terms of industry and population.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kocaeli
• Air Pollution
• Google Earth Engine

Kaynakça

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