Adölesanlardaki İntihar Girişimlerinin Profili; Demografik Özellikler, Nedenler ve Risk Faktörleri

Öz

Amaç: Son yıllarda intihar girişimi dramatik olarak artmaktadır ve adölesan ölümlerinin ikinci en sık nedeni haline gelmiştir. İlaç ve toksik madde kullanımına bağlı zehirlenme adölesanlardaki intihar girişimlerinin ikinci en sık aracıdır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: İlaç ve zehirli madde kullanarak intihar girişiminde bulunan 322 adölesanın demografik özellikleri, intihar nedenleri ve intihar için risk faktörleri incelendi.Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama ±SD yaşı 15.37 ± 1.61’di. İntihar girişimi oranı kızlarda erkeklere göre daha fazlaydı (%83.5 vs %16.5). Adölesan intiharlarının çoğunluğunda altta yatan neden kişisel faktörlerdi (kızlarda %72.1 ve erkeklerde %79.2 oranında, p = 0.284). Her iki cinsiyetteki en sık kişisel faktör adölesan gelişim problemleriydi (28.57%). Çoklu faktörler kızların %45.4, erkeklerin ise %35.8’inde bulunmaktaydı (p= 0.202).Sonuç: Risk faktörlerinin aydınlatılması ve toplumdaki yüksek riskli adölesanların belirlenmesi, adölesan intiharlarının önlenmesi için efektif stratejilerin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adölesan, Girişim, Davranış, Çocuk, Risk faktörleri, İntihar

Profile of Suicide Attempts in Adolescents; Demographic Features, Reasons and Risk Factors

Öz

Objective: Suicide has dramatically increased in recent years and has become the second leading cause of death in adolescents. Poisoning due to consumption of drugs and toxic materials is the second leading route of suicide attempts among adolescents.Material and Methods: We evaluated the demographic features, risk factors and reasons of suicide in 322 adolescents who attempt suicide by using drugs and poisonous materials. Results: The mean ±SD age of the patients was 15.37 ± 1.61. The rate of suicide attempt was more common in females than males (83.5% vs. 16.5%). Personal factors were the major causes underlying adolescent suicide (in 72.1% of females and 79.2% of males p = 0.284). The most common personal factor was adolescent development problems in both sexes (28.57%). Multiple factors were found in 45.4% of female and 35.8% of male adolescents (p= 0.202). conclusion: Clarifying risk factors and identifying adolescents at high risk in our population will help in developing effective strategies for the prevention of adolescent suicide

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adolescents, Attempts, Behavior, Children, Risk factors, Suicide

Kaynakça

1. O’Carroll PW, Berman AL, Maris RW,  Moscicki EK,  Tanney BL, Silverman MM. Beyond the Tower of Babel: A nomenclature for suicidology. Suicide and Life Threat Behavi 1996;26:237–52.
2. Diclemente RJ, Hansen WB, Ponton LE. Handbook of Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Plenum Press 1996: 193-4.
3. Fergusson DM, Lynskey MT. Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in a birth cohort of 16-year-old New Zealanders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34:1308–17.
4. Nock MK, Borges G, Evelyn J, Bromet EJ, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, et al. Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. Br J Psychiatry 2008;192:98–105.
5. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with suicidal behaviour. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 24-51.
6. Gould MS, Greenberg T, Velting DM, Shaffer D. Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: A review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;42:386–405.
7. Bridge AJ, Goldstein TR, Brent DA. Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006;47:372–94.
8. Beautrais AL. Risk factors for suicide and attempted suicide among young people. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2000;34:420-36.

9. Spirito A, Brown L, Overholser J, Fritz G. Attempted suicide in adolescence: A review and critique of the literature. Clin Psychol Review 1989;9:335–63.
10. Brent DA. Risk factors for adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior: Mental and substance abuse disorders, family environmental factors, and life stress. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1995;25:52-63.
11. Brent DA, Perper JA, Goldstein CE, Kolko DJ, Allan MJ, Allman CJ, et al. Risk factors for adolescent suicide: A comparison of adolescent suicide victims with suicidal inpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:581-88.
12. Kostenuik M, Ratnapalan M. Approach to adolescent suicide prevention. Can Fam Physician 2010;56:755-60.
13. Beautrais AL. Methods of youth suicide in New Zealand: Trends and implications for prevention. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2000;34:413–19.
14. Cantor C, Neulinger K. The epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide among young Australians. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2000:34;370–87.
15. Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR, Baldwin CL. Gender differ- ences in suicide attempts from adolescence to young adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 427–34.
16. Boeninger DK, Masyn KE, Feldman BJ. Sex differences in developmental trends of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts among European American adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Beha 2010; 40: 451–64.
17. Miranda R, De Jaegere E, Restifo K. Longitudinal follow- up study of adolescents who report a suicide attempts: Aspects of suicidal behavior that increase risk of a future attempt. Depress Anxiety 2014; 31: 19–26.
18. Miranda R, Scott M, Hicks R, Conger R. Suicide attempt characteristics, diagnoses, and future attempts: Comparing multiple attempters to single attempters and ideators. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008;47: 32–40.
19. Pelkonen M,  Marttunen M. Child and adolescent suicide: Epidemiology, risk factors, and approaches to prevention. Drugs 2003; 5: 243-65.
20. units are promising strategies for the prevention of adolescent suicide.
21. Brent DA, Baugher M, Bridge J, Chen T, Chiappetta L. Age and sex related risk factors for adolescent suicide. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 38:1497–505.
22. Groholt B, Ekeberg O, Wichstrom L, Haldorsen T. Suicide among children and younger and older adolescents in Norway: A comparative study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37: 473–81.
23. Marttunen MJ, Aro HM, Henriksson MM, Lonnqvist JK. Mental disorders in adolescent suicide. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48: 834–39.
24. driven? The Canadian experience. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2002; 32: 176-90.