İnfantil Kolikli Bebeklerin Plazma Magnezyum ve Çinko Düzeyleri

Öz

Amaç: Melatonin sentezinde kofaktör olmaları; Mg eksikliğine bağlı kas krampları, uyku bozuklukları, irritabilite ve Zn eksikliği ile ilişkili uyku ve davranış bozuklukları olması infantil kolikli bebeklerin plazma Mg ve Zn düzeylerinin düşük olabileceğini akla getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada infantil kolikli bebeklerin ve annelerinin plazma Mg ve Zn düzeylerinin kontrollerle karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya infantil kolik tanısı alan 1-3 aylık 50 bebek ve 22 sağlıklı kontrol anneleri ile birlikte dahil edilmiştir. Kolik grubu iki alt gruba ayrılmıştır; (1) Mg içeren bitki çayları verilen bebekler (bitki çayı grubu, n=12), (2) Mg ya da Zn içeren herhangi bir destek verilmeyen bebekler (çalışma grubu, n=27). Plazma Mg ve Zn düzeyleri flame fotometride Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrofotometresi ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Bebeklerin Mg düzeyleri (mg/dl) açısından çalışma grubu (2.46±0.27) ve kontrol grubu (2.37±0.25) arasında fark yoktu (p=0.70). Bununla birlikte plazma Mg düzeyleri bitki çayı grubunda (2.68±1.90) çalışma (2.46±0.27) ve kontrol grubundan (2.37±0.25) daha yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0.04, p=0.004). Bebeklerin Zn düzeyleri, annelerinin Mg ve Zn düzeyleri gruplar arasında farklı değildi (sırasıyla p=0.36, p=0.61, p=0.22). Bitki çayı grubunda dört aile Mg-içeren bitki çaylarından fayda gördüklerini bildirdi, ancak bebeklerinin Mg düzeyleri Mg-içeren bitki çaylarından fayda görmediğini belirten ailelerinki ile benzer bulundu (p=0.79). Sonuç: Kolikli bebeklerin ve annelerinin plazma Mg ve Zn düzeyleri sağlıklı kontrollerinden farklı değildir. Mg desteğinin kolik şiddeti üzerine etkisinin araştırılması için daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnfantil kolik,Magnezyum,Çinko

Plasma Magnesium and Zinc Levels in Infants with Infantile Colic

Öz

Objective:Muscle cramps, sleep disorders, and irritability due to Mg deficiency; and sleep and behavioral disorders associated with Zn deficiency and being cofactors in the melatonin synthesis have suggested that plasma Mg and Zn may be in lower levels in colicky infants. This study aimed to compare plasma Mg and Zn levels of colicky infants and the mothers’ with controls. 

Material and Methods:Fiftyinfants diagnosed with infantile colic and 22 controls aged 1-3 months with their mothers were included in this cross-sectional study. Colic group was divided into two subgroups; (1) infants who were given Mg-contain herbals (herbals-group, n=12), (2) infants who were not given any Mg or Zn-contain supplement (study group, n=27). Plasma Mg and Zn levels were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer on flame photometry.

Results: Mg levels (mg/dl) of the infants were not different between study group (2.46±0.27) and controls (2.37±0.25)(p=0.70). However, plasma Mg levels were higher in the herbals-group (2.68±1.90)than the study group(2.46±0.27)and controls (2.37±0.25) (p=0.04, p=0,004; respectively). Zn levels (mg/dl) of the infants and Mg and Zn levels of the mothers were not different between the groups (p=0.36, p=0.61, p=0.22; respectively). Four parents in the herbals-groupreported they get benefit from the Mg-contain herbals, but Mg levels were similar with the parents who do not get benefit (p=0.79). 

Conclusion:Plasma Mg and Zn levels of colicky infants and their mothers’ were not different from healthy controls in this study. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of Mg supplementation on colic severity. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• infantile colic,magnesium,zinc

Kaynakça

1. 1. Wessel MA, Cobb JC, Jackson EB, Harris GS, Detwilter BA. Paroxysmal fussing in infancy, sometimes called "colic". Pediatrics. 1954;14:421-33.
2. 2. Savino F. Focus on infantile colic. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96:1259-64.
3. 3. Savino F, Benetti S, Ceratto S. Infantile colic: from symptoms to diagnosis - A practical approach. J Symptoms and Signs. 2013;2:248-52.
4. 4. Yalçin SS, Orün E, Mutlu B, Madendağ Y, Sinici I, Dursun A, et al. Why are they having infant colic? A nested case-control study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2010;24:584-96.
5. 5. Weissbluth L and Weissbluth M. Infant colic: the effect of serotonin and melatonin circadian rhythms on the intestinal smooth muscle. Med Hypotheses. 1992;39:164-67.
6. 6. Kurtoglu S, Uzüm K, Hallac IK, Coskum A. 5-Hydroxy-3-indole acetic acid levels in infantile colic: is serotoninergic tonus responsible for this problem? Acta Paediatr. 1997;86:764-65.
7. 7. İnce T, Akman H, Çimrin D, Aydın A. The role of melatonin and cortisol circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of infantile colic. World J Pediatr. 2018;14:392-98.
8. 8. Peuhkuri K, Sihvola N, Korpela R. Dietary factors and fluctuating levels of melatonin. Food Nutr Res. 2012;56:2-14.

9. 9. Morton DJ. Possible mechanisms of inhibition and activation of rat N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5.) by cations. J Neural Transm. 1989;75:51-64.
10. 10. Morton DJ, James MF. Effect of magnesium ions on rat pineal N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) activity. J Pineal Res. 1985;2:387-91.
11. 11. Billyard AJ, Eggett DL, Franz KB. Dietary magnesium deficiency decreases plasma melatonin in rats. Magnes Res. 2006;19:157-61.
12. 12. Bediz CS, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R. Both zinc deficiency and supplementation affect plasma melatonin levels in rats. Acta Physiol Hung. 2003;90:335-9.
13. 13. Abbasi B, Kimiagar M, Sadeghniiat K, Shirazi MM, Hedayati M, Rashidkhani B. The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2012;17:1161-69.
14. 14. Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients. 2015;7:8199-226.
15. 15. Kambe T, Fukue K, Ishida R, Miyazaki S. Overview of Inherited Zinc Deficiency in Infants and Children. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 2015;61 Suppl:S44-6.
16. 16. Yang R, Zhang Y, Gao W, Lin N, Li R, Zhao Z. Blood Levels of Trace Elements in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from a Case Control Study. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019;187:376-82.
17. 17. Durlach J, Pagès N, Bac P, Bara M, Guiet-Bara A. Biorhythms and possible central regulation of magnesium status, phototherapy, darkness therapy and chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion. Magnes Res. 2002;15:49-66.
18. 18. Durlach J, Pagès N, Bac P, Bara M, Guiet-Bara A, Agrapart C. Chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion with hypofunction or with hyperfunction of the biological clock. Magnes Res. 2002;15:263-68.
19. 19. Gonullu H, Gonullu E, Karadas S, Arslan M, Kalemci O, Aycan A, et al. The levels of trace elements and heavy metals in patients with acute migraine headache. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015;65:694-97.
20. 20. Qubty W, Gelfand AA. The Link Between Infantile Colic and Migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2016;20:31.
21. 21. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 27 December 30, 2014.
22. 22. Durlach J. New data on the importance of gestational Mg deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004;23:694S-700.
23. 23. Elin RJ. Assessment of magnesium status. Clin Chem. 1987;33:1965-70.
24. 24. Reinhart RA. Magnesium metabolism: A review with a special reference to the relationship between intracellular content and serum levels. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148: 2415-20.
25. 25. Chiu HY, Yeh TH, Huang YC, Chen PY. Effects of Intravenous and Oral Magnesium on Reducing Migraine: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Pain Physician. 2016;19:E97-112.
26. 26. Anheyer D, Frawley J, Koch AK, Lauche R, Langhorst J, Dobos G, et al. Herbal Medicines for Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2017;139.
27. 27. Alexandrovich I, Rakovitskaya O, Kolmo E, Sidorova T, Shushunov S. The effect of fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2003;9:58-61.
28. 28. Ejezie F, Nwagha U. Zinc Concentration during Pregnancy and Lactation in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2011;1:69-76.