Araştırma Makalesi

Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide

Sayı: 60 30 Ekim 2025
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Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide

Öz

This study examines in detail the etymological origins, semantic meanings, conceptual frameworks and historical contexts of the expressions “Urugsırat” in Turkic Bengü Stones (Orkhun Inscriptions) and “Four Cutting” (四绝 / Sì Jué) in Mandarin Chinese. It also emphasizes their relationship with the modern concept of genocide. It is revealed that “Urugsırat” is linked to the systematic extermination of a community and the implementation of genocide-like policies in Ancient Turkic societies. It reflects not only physical extermination, but also strategies targeting the identity and future of a people. Similarly, the Mandarin Chinese expression “Four Cutting” refers to a comprehensive policy of extermination aimed at eliminating the biological existence (extinction), lineage, economic and social resources, and social structure of target groups. The study explores the relationship between these two expressions and the phenomenon of genocide through comparative linguistic and historical analysis. Both expressions reveal the historical continuity of genocide. Especially today, China’s policies towards Uyghur Turks and other Turkic communities in East Turkestan are considered as a modern implementation of the “Four Cutting”. Practices such as mass surveillance, concentration camps called re-education, forced birth control and cultural assimilation have been associated with the crime of genocide by scientific reports and academic studies. In this context, the study aims to illuminate the historical and contemporary genocide processes by emphasizing the similarities (goal of extinction) and differences (scope and implementation methods) of “Urugsırat” and “Four Cutting”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Amnesty International. (2021). Like We Were Enemies in a War: China’s Mass Internment, Torture and Persecution of Muslims in Xinjiang (Index: ASA 17/4137/2021).
  2. Ata, A. (2018). Orhun Türkçesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi.
  3. Becquelin, N. (1993). XUAR, Central Asia and the implications for China’s policy in the Islamic world. The China Quarterly, 133, 111-129.
  4. Byler, D. T. (2018). Spirit breaking: Uyghur dispossession, culture work and terror capitalism in a Chinese global city (Doctoral dissertation). University of Washington.
  5. Clauson, G. (1972). An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkic. Clarendon Press.
  6. Cockayne, J. (2022). Making Xinjiang sanctions work: Addressing forced labour through coercive trade and finance measures. The University of Nottingham.
  7. Drompp, M. R. (2004). Tang China and the collapse of the Uighur Empire. Brill Academic Publishers.
  8. Dunoff, J. L.; Ratner, S. R. ve Wippman, D. (2006). International law: Norms, actors, process (2nd ed.). Aspen.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Güney-Doğu (Yeni Uygur/Özbek) Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Ekim 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

2 Mart 2025

Kabul Tarihi

1 Eylül 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Sayı: 60

Kaynak Göster

APA
Eruygur, A. (2025). Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide. Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 60, 145-170. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2025.258
AMA
1.Eruygur A. Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide. Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 2025;(60):145-170. doi:10.24155/tdk.2025.258
Chicago
Eruygur, Adilcan. 2025. “Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide”. Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, sy 60: 145-70. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2025.258.
EndNote
Eruygur A (01 Ekim 2025) Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide. Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi 60 145–170.
IEEE
[1]A. Eruygur, “Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide”, Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, sy 60, ss. 145–170, Eki. 2025, doi: 10.24155/tdk.2025.258.
ISNAD
Eruygur, Adilcan. “Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide”. Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 60 (01 Ekim 2025): 145-170. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2025.258.
JAMA
1.Eruygur A. Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide. Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 2025;:145–170.
MLA
Eruygur, Adilcan. “Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide”. Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi, sy 60, Ekim 2025, ss. 145-70, doi:10.24155/tdk.2025.258.
Vancouver
1.Adilcan Eruygur. Comparison of Urugsırat in Old Turkic and Four-Cutting Expressions in Chinese and Their Relation to Genocide. Türk Dünyası Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi. 01 Ekim 2025;(60):145-70. doi:10.24155/tdk.2025.258