Araştırma Makalesi
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A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls

Yıl 2020, , 146 - 156, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031

Öz

Fortification, conservation, and restoration of the structures and buildings that can be considered as cultural heritage are very crucial. Diyarbakır, one of the cities included in the UNESCO Cultural Heritage List thanks to its historic city walls and Hevsel gardens, has been home to many of these types of structures and buildings. The current study covers the observational examination of the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers, and city walls. This study aims to determine the structural damages occurred on this part of city walls and then, constitute a path for the conservation and complementation for such types of historic structures. Besides, the study also contains the remedy and suggestion parts for such kinds of damages coming into existence on these types of structures. The observational examinations revealed remarkable structural damages on the load-carrying systems of the gate transitions and towers. Moreover, irregularities and soil coverings on the ground floors of the towers and also, material lost on the city walls and towers as well as slumping were sighted during the examinations. For these problems, the fortification and complementation suggestions have been listed to support holistic conservation and sustainability in the city walls, gate transitions, and towers.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Turkey; 2020 [Cited 2020 April 15]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7818230
  • [2] Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Diyarbakır; 2020 [Cited 2020 April 15]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7123114
  • [3] UNESCO. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - World Heritage in Turkey; 2016 [Cited 2020 February 10]. Available from: http://www.unesco.org.tr/Content_Files/Content/Yayinlar/wht_2016.pdf
  • [4] Halifeoğlu FM. Castle Architecture in Anatolia; Fortifications of Diyarbakır. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2013;2:209-21.
  • [5] Gabriel A. Voyages Archeologiques Dans La Turquie Orientale. Institut Français D’arceologie de Stamboul E.De Boccard, Paris, France, 1940
  • [6] Halifeoğlu FM, Gökçay G. Restoration and refunction problems of Diyarbakır traditional houses. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2013;14(3):34-7.
  • [7] Işık N. Geleneksel yığma yapılarda taşıyıcı sistem hasarları ve nedenlerinin tespiti ile güçlendirme ve tamamlayıcı müdahale önerileri; Diyarbakır; Suriçi örneği [dissertation]. Diyarbakır: Dicle University; 2017.
  • [8] Halifeoğlu FM. The architectural properties and construction techniques of Diyarbakir city walls. In: Proceedings of International Symposium of the City Walls of Diyarbakır. Diyarbakır: Diyarbakır Culture and Art Publications; 2012. P. 105-21.
  • [9] Aköz F. Damage assessment test and measurement methods of masonry structures. Workshop on Increasing Earthquake Safety in Masonry Structures, 2005.
  • [10] Özçep F, Karabulut S, Özgüven B, Sanlı O. Nondestructive testing methods and ultrasonic velocity measurements. Geophysical Newsletter. 2012;69-71.
  • [11] Parla C. As the Turkish city of Diyarbakir Islam [dissertation]. Ankara: Hacettepe University; 1990.
  • [12] Beysanoğlu S. Anıtları ve kitabeleri ile Diyarbakır tarihi (History of Diyarbakır with Monuments and Inscriptions). Ankara, 1990.
  • [13] Parla C. Diyarbakır Walls and the history of the city. Journal of the Faculty Architecture of METU. 2005;22(1):57-84.
  • [14] Diyarbakır Old Photos. WoW Turkey Photo Archive; 2020 [Cited 2020 February 10]. Available from: http://wowturkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2988786
  • [15] Bayraktar A, Hökelekli E, Halifeoğlu FM, Mosallam A, Karadeniz H. Vertical strong ground motion effects on seismic damage propagations of historical masonry rectangular minarets. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2018;91:115-28.

Tarihi Diyarbakır Surları: Urfa Kapı, Burçları ve Sur Duvarları Örneği için Koruma ve Tamamlama Önerisi

Yıl 2020, , 146 - 156, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031

Öz

Kültürel miras olarak kabul edilebilecek yapıların ve binaların güçlendirmesi, korunması ve restorasyonu önem arz etmektedir. Tarihi şehir surları ve Hevsel Bahçeleri’nden ötürü UNESCO Kültür Mirası Listesine dahil edilen şehirlerden biri olan Diyarbakır bu tür yapı ve binaların bir çoğuna ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu çalışma, tarihi Diyarbakır Surları’nın: Urfa Kapı, burçları ve sur duvarlarının, gözlemsel incelenmesini kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmayla, surların bahsedilen bölgesinde meydana gelen yapısal hasarları belirlemek ve buna istinaden de bu tarz tarihi yapıların korunması ve tamamlanması için bir yol oluşturmak amaçlandı. Ayrıca, çalışma bu tür yapılarda oluşan bu tarz hasarlar için çözüm ve öneri bölümlerini de içermektedir. Gözlemsel incelemeler, kapı geçişlerinin ve kulelerin yük taşıma sistemlerinde dikkate değer yapısal hasarları ortaya çıkardı. Dahası burçların zemin katlarında bozukluklar ve toprak yığınları, ayrıca sur duvarları ve burçlarda malzeme kayıpları ve çökmeler de incelemeler esnasında görüldü. Bu sorunlar için surlar, kapı geçişleri ve burçlarda bütünsel koruma ve sürdürülebilirliği desteklemek için güçlendirmeye yönelik ve tamamlayıcı müdahale önerileri listelenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Turkey; 2020 [Cited 2020 April 15]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7818230
  • [2] Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Diyarbakır; 2020 [Cited 2020 April 15]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7123114
  • [3] UNESCO. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - World Heritage in Turkey; 2016 [Cited 2020 February 10]. Available from: http://www.unesco.org.tr/Content_Files/Content/Yayinlar/wht_2016.pdf
  • [4] Halifeoğlu FM. Castle Architecture in Anatolia; Fortifications of Diyarbakır. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2013;2:209-21.
  • [5] Gabriel A. Voyages Archeologiques Dans La Turquie Orientale. Institut Français D’arceologie de Stamboul E.De Boccard, Paris, France, 1940
  • [6] Halifeoğlu FM, Gökçay G. Restoration and refunction problems of Diyarbakır traditional houses. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2013;14(3):34-7.
  • [7] Işık N. Geleneksel yığma yapılarda taşıyıcı sistem hasarları ve nedenlerinin tespiti ile güçlendirme ve tamamlayıcı müdahale önerileri; Diyarbakır; Suriçi örneği [dissertation]. Diyarbakır: Dicle University; 2017.
  • [8] Halifeoğlu FM. The architectural properties and construction techniques of Diyarbakir city walls. In: Proceedings of International Symposium of the City Walls of Diyarbakır. Diyarbakır: Diyarbakır Culture and Art Publications; 2012. P. 105-21.
  • [9] Aköz F. Damage assessment test and measurement methods of masonry structures. Workshop on Increasing Earthquake Safety in Masonry Structures, 2005.
  • [10] Özçep F, Karabulut S, Özgüven B, Sanlı O. Nondestructive testing methods and ultrasonic velocity measurements. Geophysical Newsletter. 2012;69-71.
  • [11] Parla C. As the Turkish city of Diyarbakir Islam [dissertation]. Ankara: Hacettepe University; 1990.
  • [12] Beysanoğlu S. Anıtları ve kitabeleri ile Diyarbakır tarihi (History of Diyarbakır with Monuments and Inscriptions). Ankara, 1990.
  • [13] Parla C. Diyarbakır Walls and the history of the city. Journal of the Faculty Architecture of METU. 2005;22(1):57-84.
  • [14] Diyarbakır Old Photos. WoW Turkey Photo Archive; 2020 [Cited 2020 February 10]. Available from: http://wowturkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2988786
  • [15] Bayraktar A, Hökelekli E, Halifeoğlu FM, Mosallam A, Karadeniz H. Vertical strong ground motion effects on seismic damage propagations of historical masonry rectangular minarets. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2018;91:115-28.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nursen Işık 0000-0002-6125-1896

Fatma Meral Halifeoğlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2032-3774

Süleyman İpek 0000-0001-8891-949X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Işık, N., Halifeoğlu, F. M., & İpek, S. (2020). A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, 9(2), 146-156. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031
AMA Işık N, Halifeoğlu FM, İpek S. A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. TDFD. Aralık 2020;9(2):146-156. doi:10.46810/tdfd.726031
Chicago Işık, Nursen, Fatma Meral Halifeoğlu, ve Süleyman İpek. “A Proposal for Conservation and Complementation for the Historic Diyarbakır City Walls: The Urfa Gate, Towers and City Walls”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 146-56. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031.
EndNote Işık N, Halifeoğlu FM, İpek S (01 Aralık 2020) A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 9 2 146–156.
IEEE N. Işık, F. M. Halifeoğlu, ve S. İpek, “A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls”, TDFD, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 146–156, 2020, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.726031.
ISNAD Işık, Nursen vd. “A Proposal for Conservation and Complementation for the Historic Diyarbakır City Walls: The Urfa Gate, Towers and City Walls”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 9/2 (Aralık 2020), 146-156. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.726031.
JAMA Işık N, Halifeoğlu FM, İpek S. A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. TDFD. 2020;9:146–156.
MLA Işık, Nursen vd. “A Proposal for Conservation and Complementation for the Historic Diyarbakır City Walls: The Urfa Gate, Towers and City Walls”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 146-5, doi:10.46810/tdfd.726031.
Vancouver Işık N, Halifeoğlu FM, İpek S. A proposal for conservation and complementation for the historic Diyarbakır City Walls: the Urfa Gate, towers and city walls. TDFD. 2020;9(2):146-5.