A Research on Tensile Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics Produced from Staple Polyester and Sheath/Core Low Melting Staple Polyester Binder Fibres with Carding, Needle Punching and Pressing Machines

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 108, 233 - 242, 31.12.2017

Mustafa Sabri Özen

Öz

In this study, nonwoven fabrics were produced from staple polyester fibres
and sheath/core low melting staple polyester binder fibres at different
blending ratios by carding processes and then post-bonding processes such as needle
punching and thermal bonding with pressing. The effect of sheath/core low
melting polyester binder fibre ratio on tensile properties of needle punched
and thermally bonded nonwoven fabrics was investigated. Sheath/core low melting
staple polyester binder fibres were blended with staple polyester fibres at the
ratios 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Webs were formed at carding machine and
then bonded mechanically and thermally at needle punching and pressing machines.
Fabric area density, thickness, fabric tenacity and elongation at break
properties of the produced needle punched and thermally bonded nonwoven fabrics
were tested according to ISO and ASTM standards. Experimental results clearly
revealed that tenacity values of needle punched and thermally bonded nonwoven
fabrics increased with increasing of sheath/core low melting polyester binder fibre
ratio. It was observed that as the 30% and higher low melting polyester binder
fibre ratios were used, the tenacity values of needle punched and thermally
bonded nonwoven fabrics dramatically increased both machine and cross
direction. It was found that needle punched and thermally bonded nonwoven
fabric thickness values decreased with increasing of sheath/core low melting
staple polyester binder fibre ratio. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nonwoven fabric, needle-punching, sheath/core low melting staple polyester binder fibre, thermal bonding

Kesikli Poliester ve Dış/İç Düşük Sıcaklıkta Eriyen Kesikli Poliester Bağlayıcı Liflerinden Tarak, İğneleme ve Pres Makineleri ile Üretilmiş Dokunmamış Kumaşların Mukavemet Özellikleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kesikli poliester liflerinden ve dış/iç düşük
sıcaklıkta eriyen kesikli bağlayıcı poliester liflerinden, farklı karışım
oranlarında, tarak prosesi ve sonrasında iğneleme ve sıcak pres ile ısı ile
bağlama yapılarak dokunmamış kumaşlar üretilmiştir. İğnelenmiş ve ısı ile
bağlanmış dokunmamış kumaşların mukavemet özelliklerinde dış/iç düşük sıcaklıkta
eriyen bağlayıcı poliester liflerin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Dış/iç düşük sıcaklıkta
eriyen bağlayıcı poliester lifleri %5, %10, %20, %30, %40 ve %50 oranlarında
kesikli poliester lifleri ile karıştırılmıştır. Tülbent dokular tarak
makinesinde oluşturulmuş ve sonrasında iğneleme ve pres makinelerinde mekanik
ve ısıl yöntemlerle bağlanmıştır. Üretilen iğnelenmiş ve ısı ile bağlanmış dokunmamış
kumaşların birim metre kare ağırlığı, kalınlık, mukavemet ve kopma anında uzama
özellikleri ISO ve ASTM standartlarına göre test edilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar
çok açık bir şekilde, dış/iç düşük sıcaklıkta eriyen poliester bağlayıcı lif
oranının artmasıyla, iğnelenmiş ve ısı ile bağlanmış dokunmamış kumaş
mukavemetinin arttığını göstermiştir. %30 ve daha fazla oranda dış/iç düşük
sıcaklıkta eriyen poliester bağlayıcı elyaf kullanıldığında, iğnelenmiş ve ısı
ile bağlanmış dokunmamış kumaş mukavemetinin hem makine hem de makine yönüne
dik yönde önemli oranda arttığı gözlenmiştir. Dış/iç düşük sıcaklıkta eriyen
poliester bağlayıcı lif oranının artmasıyla, iğnelenmiş ve ısı ile bağlanmış dokunmamış
kumaşların kalınlık değerlerinin de azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dokunmamış kumaş, iğneleme, dış/iç düşük sıcaklıkta eriyen kesikli poliester bağlayıcı lifler, ısı ile bağlama

Kaynakça

• Özen, M.S.; Sancak, E.: (2016) “Investigation of Tensile Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics Produced from Recycled Staple Polyester and Sheath/core Low Melting Staple Polyester Fibres by Using Carding, Needle Punching, Calendaring and Pressing Machines”, International Nonwoven Technical Textiles Technology Magazine, September&October, Number56, pp.42-55.
• http://www.toray.com/news/fiber
• Dasdemir, M.; Maze, B.; Anantharamaiah, N.; Pourdeyhimi, B.: (2012) “Influence of Polymer Type, Composition, and Interface on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Sheath/core Type Bicomponent Nonwoven Fibers”, Journal of Material Science, (2012), 45, pp.5955-5969.
• Turbak, A.F.: “Nonwovens: Theory, Process, Performance, and Testing, Chatper2: Nonwoven Terminology WlliamE.Houfek”, Tappi Press, (1993), pp. 11, 167.
• Akalın, M.; Özen, M.S.: “Tülbent Esaslı Dokunmamış Kumaşlar”, (Nonwoven Fabrics)”, NesilMatbaacılık, Istanbul (2010)
• Kellie, G.: (2016), “Advances in Technical Nonwovens”, Woodhead Publishing, Number:181, UK.
• Russell, S.J.: (2007) “Handbook of Nonwovens”, Woodhead Publishing in Textiles, CRC Press.
• Horrocks, A.R.; Anand, S.C.: (2000), “Handbook of Technical Textiles”, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA. Berlin, A.A.; Joswik, R.; Vatin, N.I.: (2016) “Engineering Textiles-Research Methodologies, Concepts, and Modern Applications”, AAP Apple Academic Press, Canada, pp.14.
• Nawab, Y.: (2016), Textile Engineering, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Germany.
• Maity, S.; Singha, K.: “Structure-Property Relationship of Needle-Punched Nonwoven Fabric”, Frontiers in Science, Vol.2 (6), (2012), pp.226-234
• Midha, V.K.; Mukhopadyay, A.: “Bulk and Physical Properties of Needle-Punched Nonwoven Fabrics”, Indian Journal of Fibre&Textile Research, Vol.30, (2005), pp.218-229.
• Saghafi, R.; Zarrebini, M.; Moezzi, M.: “Mechanical Properties of Needle-Punched Fabrics in Relation to Fiber Orientation”, Journal of Textiles and Polymers, Vol.5, No:1, (2017-Jan), pp.48.
• Kang, T.J.; Jung, K.H.; Park, J.K.; Youn, J.R.: “Effect of Punching Density on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Needle-Punched Nonwoven Carbon/Phenolic Composites”, Polymers&Polymer Composites, Vol.10, No.7, (2002), pp.521-530.
• Anandjiwala, R.D.; &Boguslavsky, L.: “Development of Needle-Punched Nonwoven Fabrics from Flax Fibers for Air Filtration Applications”, Textile Research Journal, (2008), Vol.78, pp.614-624.
• Ventura, H.; Ardanuy, M.; Capdevila, X.; Cano&Jose, F.; Tornero, A.: “Effects of Needling Parameters on Some Structural and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Needle-Punched Nonwovens”, The Journal of The Textile Institute, Vol.105, No.10, pp.1065-1075.
• Desai, A.N.; Balasubramanian, N.: “Critical Factors Affecting the Properties of Thermal-Bonded Nonwovens with Special Reference to Cellulosic Fibres”, Indian Journal of Fibre&Textile Research, Vol.19, September, (1994), pp.209-215.
• Michielsen, S.; Pourdeyhimi, B.; Desai, P.: “Review of Thermally Point-Bonded Nonwovens: Materials, Processes, and Properties, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.99, Issue:5, (2006), pp.2489-2496.
• Bahari, N.; Hasani, H.; Zarrebini, M.; Hassanzadeh, S.: “Investigating the Effects of Material and Process Variables on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Density Thermally Bonded Nonwovens Produced from Estabragh (milkweed) Natural Fibers”, Journal of Industrial Textiles, Vol.46, Issue:3, (2016), pp.719-736.
• Lu, L.; Xing, D.; Xie, Y.: (2016) “Electrical Conductivity Investigation of a Nonwoven Fabric Composed of Carbon Fibers and Polypropylene/Polyethylene Sheath/core Bicomponent Fibers”, Materials&Design, Vol.112, pp.383-391 Dedov, A.; Nazarov, V.G.: (2015) “Processed Nonwoven Needle Punched Materials with Increased Strength”, Fibre Chemistry Vol.47, Issue2, pp.121-125
• Kim, K-Y.; Doh, S.J.; Im, J.N.: (2013) “Effects of Binder Fibers and Bonding Processes on PET Hollow Fiber Nonwoveens for Automotive Cushion Materials”, Fibers and Polymers, Vol.14, Issue4, pp.639-646.
• Suvari, F.; Ulcay, Y.; Maze, B.: (2013) “Acoustical Abrorptive Properties of Spunbonded Nonwovens Made from Islands-in-the-Sea Bicomponent Filaments”, Journal of the Textile Institute, Vol.104, Issue4, pp.438-445
• Fages, E.; Cano, M.A.; Girones, S.: (2013) “The Use of Wet-Laid Techniques to Obtain Flax Nonwovens with Different Thermoplastic Binding Fibers for Technical Insulation Applications”, Textile Research Journal, Vol.83, Issue4, pp.426-437.
• Zhang, H.; Qian, X.; Zhen, Q.: (2015) “Research on Structure Characteristics and Filtration Performances of PET-PA6 Hollow Segmented-Pie Bicomponent Spunbond Nonwovens Fibrillated by Hydro Entangle Method”, Journal of Industrial Textiles, Vol.45, Issue1, pp.48-65
• Doh, S.J.; Lee, J.Y.; Lim, D.Y.: (2013) “Manufacturing and Analyses of Wet-Laid Nonwoven Consisting of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Fibers”, Fibers and Polymers, Vol.14, Issue12, pp.2176-2184.
• Gordon, S.; Hsieh, Y-L.: (2007) “Cotton: Science and Technology”, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, England, pp508.
• Federova, N.: (2006) “Investigation of the Utility of Islands-in-the-Sea BicomponentFiber Technology in the Spunbond Process”, PHd Thesis, North Caroline State University, pp.79.
• Demirci, E.: “Mechanical Behaviour of Thermally Bonded Bicomponent Fibre Nonwovens: Experimental Analysis and Numerical Modelling”, Loughborough University, (2011), pp.37.
• Midha, V.; Mukhopadyay, A.: “Bulk and Physical Properties of Needle-Punched Nonwoven Fabrics”, Indian Journal of Fibre&Textile Research, Vol.30, June (2005), pp.219
• Ghali, L.; Halimi, M.T.; Hassen, M.B.; Sakli, F.: “Effect of Blending Ratio of Fibers on the Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics Based on Alfa Fibers”, Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, (2014), 4, pp.116-125.
• Tracton, A.A.: “Coatings Materials and Surface Coatings”, CRC Press, (2007), pp.68-9