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Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 103 - 122, 30.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1762306

Öz

Qawwālī, which took shape in the Indian subcontinent in the 13th century particularly within the circles of the Chishtiyya order, was institutionalized under the leadership of Amir Khusrau (d. 725/1325) through the blending of Persian-Islamic elements with local languages and melodic traditions. Its primary function is to direct listeners toward divine love in samā‘ gatherings, leading them to states of ecstasy (wajd) and annihilation in God (fanā). In this context, qawwālī possesses a poetic structure that begins with praises of God, panegyrics (na‘t) for the Prophet Muḥammad, and narratives of Sufi saints, and then deepens with ghazals dealing with metaphorical love and the quest for divine truth. The Chishtiyya tradition’s close engagement with the public, along with its inclusive mission, has transformed qawwālī into a medium for interfaith dialogue and cultural interaction between Muslims and Hindus. In particular, its discursive similarities with the Bhakti movement have fused it with local mystical understandings. Musically, qawwālī adopts the system of Hindustani classical music and is performed as a collective act accompanied by the harmonium, dholak, rhythmic handclaps, and improvisations, evolving in direct interaction with the audience. Over time, however, qawwālī moved beyond the spiritual framework of shrines and khanqāhs, entering courts, fairs, stages, and the sphere of popular culture. In the 20th century, especially under the leadership of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (d. 1418/1997), it evolved toward secularization, taking a new shape within Indian cinema and the world music scene. This study addresses the historical origins of qawwālī, its functions within the context of the Sufi order, its spiritual role, its linguistic and musical features, and its transformation in the process of secularization. Presenting a comparative framework with international literature, the research highlights qawwālī’s significance for Sufi studies. Furthermore, through an interdisciplinary approach, it reveals qawwālī’s position today as a dynamic cultural heritage that represents the balance between spiritual ecstasy and aesthetic pleasure. The findings obtained through an interdisciplinary approach reliably support, from a methodological perspective, the importance of the qawwālī in Sufi studies and its position within the context of contemporary cultural heritage. The fundamental problem of the study is the extent to which spiritual enthusiasm has been preserved or lost in the process of qawwālī evolving into an aesthetic and popular identity, distancing itself from its Sufi origins.

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, Shemeem Burney. The Female Voice in Sufi Ritual: Devotional Practices of Pakistan and India. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002.
  • Amjad, Iram. “A Multimodal Analysis of Qawwali: From Ecstasy to Exotic Trance”. Linguistics and Literature Review 3/1 (2017), 13-25.
  • Bednar, Michael. “Amir Khusrau”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 66-70. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  • Bhattacharjee, Anuradha - Alam, Shadab. “The Origin and Journey of Qawwali: From Sacred Ritual to Entertainment?” Journal of Creative Communications 7/3 (2012), 209-225.
  • Ceyhan, Semih. “Semâ”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 36/455-457. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009.
  • Gaborieau, Marc. “Hint Alt-Kıtası’nda İslâm Tarîkatları -Etnolojik Bir Yaklaşım-”. trans. Osman Türer. İslâm Dünyasında Tarîkatlar (Gelişmeleri ve Aktüel Durumları). İstanbul: Sûf Yayınları, 2004.
  • Gaind-Krishnan, Sonia. “Qawwali Routes: Notes on a Sufi Music’s Transformation in Diaspora”. Religions 11/12 (2020), 1-16.
  • Gevaş, İsmail. Çiştî Tarikatı ile Mevlevî Tarikatı Arasındaki Benzerlikler Bağlamında Kavvâli Dînî Mûsikî Türünün İncelenmesi. Ankara: Ankara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Master’s Thesis, 2019.
  • Haldar, Amal. “Miyan Tansen”. The Modern Review 115/2 (1964), 130-131.
  • Hassan, Muhammad - Kokab, Rizwan Ullah. “Sufis of Chishtia Order and Narration of Qawwali During Sultanate Period”. Kurdish Studies 12/1 (2024), 5004-5010.
  • Holland, Christopher Paul. Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India. Austin: The University of Texas, Master of Arts, 2010.
  • Hyder, Syed Akbar - Petievich, Carla. “Qawwali: Songs of Praise”. Islam in South Asia in Practice. ed. Barbara D. Metcalf. 93-100. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
  • Johnston, Sharilee Mehera. Poetics of Performance: Narratives, Faith and Disjuncture in Qawwali. Austin: University of Texas, Ph.D. Dissertation, 2000.
  • Khan, Shaheer Ellahi et al. “Reviewing Qawwali: Origin, Evolution and Its Dimensions”. Science International (Lahore) 27/2 (2015), 1701-1704.
  • Kugle, Scott. “Qawwālī Between Written Poem and Sung Lyric, Or… How a Ghazal Lives”. The Muslim World 97/4 (2007), 571-610.
  • Kugle, Scott. “The Spirituality of Qawwali: Lyrics and Ritual in the Sufi Music of South Asia”. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Islamic Spirituality. ed. Vincent J. Cornell - Bruce B. Lawrence. 454-475. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2023.
  • Mahajan, V. D. History of Medieval India (Muslim Rule in India). New Delhi: S. Chand, 2007.
  • Masoud, Muneeb. “Deconstructing the Divine: Postmodern Shifts in Qawwali and Islam”. Al-Hayat Research Journal (AHRJ) 2/3 (2025), 158-163.
  • Mcleod, John. The History of India. United States of America: Greenwood, 2015.
  • Mirza, Taqi Ali. “The Qawwali”. Journal of Popular Culture 20/2 (1986), 189-192.
  • Narang, Gopi Chand. “The Indo-Islamic Cultural Fusion and the Institution of the Qawwali”. Indian Literature 58/4 (2014), 160-171.
  • Newell, James R. “Qawwali”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 569-573. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  • Ohlander, Erik S. “Chishtī Order”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 176-178. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  • Qureshi, Regula. “‘Muslim Devotional’: Popular Religious Music and Muslim Identity under British, Indian and Pakistani Hegemony”. Asian Music 24/1 (1993 1992), 111-121.
  • Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. “His Master’s Voice? Exploring Qawwali and ‘Gramophone Culture’ in South Asia”. Popular Music 18/1 (1999), 63-98.
  • Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. Sufi Music of India and Pakistan: Sound, Context and Meaning in Qawwali. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
  • Saeed, Yousuf. “Qawwālī (Qavvāli)”. Keywords for India: A Conceptual Lexicon for the Twenty-First Century. ed. Rukmini Bhaya Nair - Peter Ronald deSouza. 95-96. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020.
  • Sakata, Hiromi Lorraine. “The Sacred and the Profane: ‘Qawwālī’ Represented in the Performances of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan”. The World of Music 36/3 (1994), 86-99.
  • Sarrazin, Natalie. “Devotion or Pleasure? Music and Meaning in the Celluloid Performances of Qawwali in South Asia and the Diaspora”. Music, Culture and Identity in the Muslim World: Performance, Politics and Piety. ed. Kamal Salhi. 178-199. London-New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • Uludağ, Süleyman. İslâm Açısından Mûsikî ve Semâʼ. İstanbul: Marifet Yayınları, 3rd Edition, 1999.
  • Viitamäki, Mikko. “New Wine from Medina: Aesthetics of Popular Qawwali lyrics”. Studia Orientalia Electronica 111 (2011), 393-406.
  • Yalçın, İsa. Hint Alt Kıtası Sûfîlerinden Muhammed Gavs Gevâliyârî ve Tasavvufî Düşüncesi. Ankara: Fecr Yayınları, 2025.
  • Zuberi, Irfan - Sarrazin, Natalie. “Evolution of a Ritual Musical Genre: The Adaptation of Qawwali in Contemporary Hindi Film”. Music in Contemporary Indian Film: Memory, Voice, Identity. ed. Jayson Beaster-Jones - Natalie Sarrazin. 162-175. New York: Routledge, 2017.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 103 - 122, 30.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1762306

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, Shemeem Burney. The Female Voice in Sufi Ritual: Devotional Practices of Pakistan and India. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002.
  • Amjad, Iram. “A Multimodal Analysis of Qawwali: From Ecstasy to Exotic Trance”. Linguistics and Literature Review 3/1 (2017), 13-25.
  • Bednar, Michael. “Amir Khusrau”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 66-70. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  • Bhattacharjee, Anuradha - Alam, Shadab. “The Origin and Journey of Qawwali: From Sacred Ritual to Entertainment?” Journal of Creative Communications 7/3 (2012), 209-225.
  • Ceyhan, Semih. “Semâ”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 36/455-457. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009.
  • Gaborieau, Marc. “Hint Alt-Kıtası’nda İslâm Tarîkatları -Etnolojik Bir Yaklaşım-”. trans. Osman Türer. İslâm Dünyasında Tarîkatlar (Gelişmeleri ve Aktüel Durumları). İstanbul: Sûf Yayınları, 2004.
  • Gaind-Krishnan, Sonia. “Qawwali Routes: Notes on a Sufi Music’s Transformation in Diaspora”. Religions 11/12 (2020), 1-16.
  • Gevaş, İsmail. Çiştî Tarikatı ile Mevlevî Tarikatı Arasındaki Benzerlikler Bağlamında Kavvâli Dînî Mûsikî Türünün İncelenmesi. Ankara: Ankara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Master’s Thesis, 2019.
  • Haldar, Amal. “Miyan Tansen”. The Modern Review 115/2 (1964), 130-131.
  • Hassan, Muhammad - Kokab, Rizwan Ullah. “Sufis of Chishtia Order and Narration of Qawwali During Sultanate Period”. Kurdish Studies 12/1 (2024), 5004-5010.
  • Holland, Christopher Paul. Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India. Austin: The University of Texas, Master of Arts, 2010.
  • Hyder, Syed Akbar - Petievich, Carla. “Qawwali: Songs of Praise”. Islam in South Asia in Practice. ed. Barbara D. Metcalf. 93-100. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
  • Johnston, Sharilee Mehera. Poetics of Performance: Narratives, Faith and Disjuncture in Qawwali. Austin: University of Texas, Ph.D. Dissertation, 2000.
  • Khan, Shaheer Ellahi et al. “Reviewing Qawwali: Origin, Evolution and Its Dimensions”. Science International (Lahore) 27/2 (2015), 1701-1704.
  • Kugle, Scott. “Qawwālī Between Written Poem and Sung Lyric, Or… How a Ghazal Lives”. The Muslim World 97/4 (2007), 571-610.
  • Kugle, Scott. “The Spirituality of Qawwali: Lyrics and Ritual in the Sufi Music of South Asia”. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Islamic Spirituality. ed. Vincent J. Cornell - Bruce B. Lawrence. 454-475. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2023.
  • Mahajan, V. D. History of Medieval India (Muslim Rule in India). New Delhi: S. Chand, 2007.
  • Masoud, Muneeb. “Deconstructing the Divine: Postmodern Shifts in Qawwali and Islam”. Al-Hayat Research Journal (AHRJ) 2/3 (2025), 158-163.
  • Mcleod, John. The History of India. United States of America: Greenwood, 2015.
  • Mirza, Taqi Ali. “The Qawwali”. Journal of Popular Culture 20/2 (1986), 189-192.
  • Narang, Gopi Chand. “The Indo-Islamic Cultural Fusion and the Institution of the Qawwali”. Indian Literature 58/4 (2014), 160-171.
  • Newell, James R. “Qawwali”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 569-573. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  • Ohlander, Erik S. “Chishtī Order”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 176-178. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  • Qureshi, Regula. “‘Muslim Devotional’: Popular Religious Music and Muslim Identity under British, Indian and Pakistani Hegemony”. Asian Music 24/1 (1993 1992), 111-121.
  • Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. “His Master’s Voice? Exploring Qawwali and ‘Gramophone Culture’ in South Asia”. Popular Music 18/1 (1999), 63-98.
  • Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. Sufi Music of India and Pakistan: Sound, Context and Meaning in Qawwali. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
  • Saeed, Yousuf. “Qawwālī (Qavvāli)”. Keywords for India: A Conceptual Lexicon for the Twenty-First Century. ed. Rukmini Bhaya Nair - Peter Ronald deSouza. 95-96. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020.
  • Sakata, Hiromi Lorraine. “The Sacred and the Profane: ‘Qawwālī’ Represented in the Performances of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan”. The World of Music 36/3 (1994), 86-99.
  • Sarrazin, Natalie. “Devotion or Pleasure? Music and Meaning in the Celluloid Performances of Qawwali in South Asia and the Diaspora”. Music, Culture and Identity in the Muslim World: Performance, Politics and Piety. ed. Kamal Salhi. 178-199. London-New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • Uludağ, Süleyman. İslâm Açısından Mûsikî ve Semâʼ. İstanbul: Marifet Yayınları, 3rd Edition, 1999.
  • Viitamäki, Mikko. “New Wine from Medina: Aesthetics of Popular Qawwali lyrics”. Studia Orientalia Electronica 111 (2011), 393-406.
  • Yalçın, İsa. Hint Alt Kıtası Sûfîlerinden Muhammed Gavs Gevâliyârî ve Tasavvufî Düşüncesi. Ankara: Fecr Yayınları, 2025.
  • Zuberi, Irfan - Sarrazin, Natalie. “Evolution of a Ritual Musical Genre: The Adaptation of Qawwali in Contemporary Hindi Film”. Music in Contemporary Indian Film: Memory, Voice, Identity. ed. Jayson Beaster-Jones - Natalie Sarrazin. 162-175. New York: Routledge, 2017.

Mânevî Coşkunun Müzikal Tezahürü Olarak Kavvâlî: Hint Alt Kıtası Örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 103 - 122, 30.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1762306

Öz

Kavvâlî, XIII. yüzyılda Hint alt kıtasında özellikle Çiştiyye tarikatı çevresinde şekillenmiş, Emîr Hüsrev’in (öl. 725/1325) öncülüğünde Farsça-İslamî unsurlar ile yerel dil ve ezgi geleneklerinin harmanlanmasıyla kurumsallaşmış bir tasavvufî müzik formudur. Temel işlevi, semâ meclislerinde dinleyicileri ilâhî aşka yönlendirmek, vecd ve fenâ hallerine taşımaktır. Bu bağlamda kavvâlî, Allah’a hamd, Hz. Peygamber’e na‘t ve sûfî velîlere menkıbelerle başlayan, ardından mecazî aşk ve ilâhî hakikat arayışını konu alan gazellerle derinleşen şiirsel bir yapıya sahiptir. Çiştiyye geleneğinin halkla iç içe, diğer bir ifadeyle kapsayıcı misyonu, kavvâlîyi Müslümanlar ve Hindular arasında inançlar arası bir diyalog ve kültürel etkileşim aracına dönüştürmüştür. Özellikle bhakti hareketiyle kurduğu söylem benzerlikleri, onu yerel mistik anlayışlarla kaynaştırmıştır. Müzikal açıdan Hint klasik müziğinin sistemini benimseyen kavvâlî, armonyum, dholak, ritmik el çırpma ve doğaçlamalar eşliğinde icra edilen kolektif bir performans olarak dinleyiciyle etkileşim içinde gelişmiştir. Ancak zaman içinde kavvâlî, türbe ve dergâhların mânevî çerçevesinden çıkarak saray, panayır, sahne ve popüler kültür alanlarına taşmış, XX. yüzyılda özellikle Nusret Fatih Ali Han’ın (öl. 1418/1997) öncülüğünde sekülerleşme yönünde evrilmiş, Hint sineması ve dünya müziği sahnesinde yeniden biçimlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, kavvâlînin tarihsel kökenleri, tarikat bağlamındaki işlevleri, mânevî rolü, dilsel ve müzikal özellikleri ile sekülerleşme sürecindeki dönüşümünü ele almaktadır. Literatürdeki uluslararası çalışmalarla karşılaştırmalı bir çerçeve sunan araştırma, kavvâlînin tasavvuf araştırmaları açısından önemini vurgulamaktadır. Öte yandan disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşımla kavvâlînin mânevî coşku ile estetik haz arasındaki dengeyi temsil eden dinamik bir kültürel miras olarak günümüzdeki konumunu ortaya koymaktadır. Disiplinlerarası yaklaşımla elde edilen bulgular, kavvâlînin tasavvuf araştırmalarındaki önemini ve çağdaş kültürel miras bağlamındaki konumunu metodolojik açıdan güvenilir biçimde desteklemektedir. Çalışmanın temel problemi, kavvâlînin tasavvufî kökeninden uzaklaşarak estetik ve popüler bir kimliğe evrilmesi sürecinde mânevî coşkunun ne ölçüde korunabildiği ya da yitirildiğidir.

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, Shemeem Burney. The Female Voice in Sufi Ritual: Devotional Practices of Pakistan and India. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002.
  • Amjad, Iram. “A Multimodal Analysis of Qawwali: From Ecstasy to Exotic Trance”. Linguistics and Literature Review 3/1 (2017), 13-25.
  • Bednar, Michael. “Amir Khusrau”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 66-70. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  • Bhattacharjee, Anuradha - Alam, Shadab. “The Origin and Journey of Qawwali: From Sacred Ritual to Entertainment?” Journal of Creative Communications 7/3 (2012), 209-225.
  • Ceyhan, Semih. “Semâ”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 36/455-457. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009.
  • Gaborieau, Marc. “Hint Alt-Kıtası’nda İslâm Tarîkatları -Etnolojik Bir Yaklaşım-”. trans. Osman Türer. İslâm Dünyasında Tarîkatlar (Gelişmeleri ve Aktüel Durumları). İstanbul: Sûf Yayınları, 2004.
  • Gaind-Krishnan, Sonia. “Qawwali Routes: Notes on a Sufi Music’s Transformation in Diaspora”. Religions 11/12 (2020), 1-16.
  • Gevaş, İsmail. Çiştî Tarikatı ile Mevlevî Tarikatı Arasındaki Benzerlikler Bağlamında Kavvâli Dînî Mûsikî Türünün İncelenmesi. Ankara: Ankara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Master’s Thesis, 2019.
  • Haldar, Amal. “Miyan Tansen”. The Modern Review 115/2 (1964), 130-131.
  • Hassan, Muhammad - Kokab, Rizwan Ullah. “Sufis of Chishtia Order and Narration of Qawwali During Sultanate Period”. Kurdish Studies 12/1 (2024), 5004-5010.
  • Holland, Christopher Paul. Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India. Austin: The University of Texas, Master of Arts, 2010.
  • Hyder, Syed Akbar - Petievich, Carla. “Qawwali: Songs of Praise”. Islam in South Asia in Practice. ed. Barbara D. Metcalf. 93-100. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
  • Johnston, Sharilee Mehera. Poetics of Performance: Narratives, Faith and Disjuncture in Qawwali. Austin: University of Texas, Ph.D. Dissertation, 2000.
  • Khan, Shaheer Ellahi et al. “Reviewing Qawwali: Origin, Evolution and Its Dimensions”. Science International (Lahore) 27/2 (2015), 1701-1704.
  • Kugle, Scott. “Qawwālī Between Written Poem and Sung Lyric, Or… How a Ghazal Lives”. The Muslim World 97/4 (2007), 571-610.
  • Kugle, Scott. “The Spirituality of Qawwali: Lyrics and Ritual in the Sufi Music of South Asia”. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Islamic Spirituality. ed. Vincent J. Cornell - Bruce B. Lawrence. 454-475. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2023.
  • Mahajan, V. D. History of Medieval India (Muslim Rule in India). New Delhi: S. Chand, 2007.
  • Masoud, Muneeb. “Deconstructing the Divine: Postmodern Shifts in Qawwali and Islam”. Al-Hayat Research Journal (AHRJ) 2/3 (2025), 158-163.
  • Mcleod, John. The History of India. United States of America: Greenwood, 2015.
  • Mirza, Taqi Ali. “The Qawwali”. Journal of Popular Culture 20/2 (1986), 189-192.
  • Narang, Gopi Chand. “The Indo-Islamic Cultural Fusion and the Institution of the Qawwali”. Indian Literature 58/4 (2014), 160-171.
  • Newell, James R. “Qawwali”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 569-573. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  • Ohlander, Erik S. “Chishtī Order”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 176-178. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  • Qureshi, Regula. “‘Muslim Devotional’: Popular Religious Music and Muslim Identity under British, Indian and Pakistani Hegemony”. Asian Music 24/1 (1993 1992), 111-121.
  • Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. “His Master’s Voice? Exploring Qawwali and ‘Gramophone Culture’ in South Asia”. Popular Music 18/1 (1999), 63-98.
  • Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. Sufi Music of India and Pakistan: Sound, Context and Meaning in Qawwali. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
  • Saeed, Yousuf. “Qawwālī (Qavvāli)”. Keywords for India: A Conceptual Lexicon for the Twenty-First Century. ed. Rukmini Bhaya Nair - Peter Ronald deSouza. 95-96. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020.
  • Sakata, Hiromi Lorraine. “The Sacred and the Profane: ‘Qawwālī’ Represented in the Performances of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan”. The World of Music 36/3 (1994), 86-99.
  • Sarrazin, Natalie. “Devotion or Pleasure? Music and Meaning in the Celluloid Performances of Qawwali in South Asia and the Diaspora”. Music, Culture and Identity in the Muslim World: Performance, Politics and Piety. ed. Kamal Salhi. 178-199. London-New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • Uludağ, Süleyman. İslâm Açısından Mûsikî ve Semâʼ. İstanbul: Marifet Yayınları, 3rd Edition, 1999.
  • Viitamäki, Mikko. “New Wine from Medina: Aesthetics of Popular Qawwali lyrics”. Studia Orientalia Electronica 111 (2011), 393-406.
  • Yalçın, İsa. Hint Alt Kıtası Sûfîlerinden Muhammed Gavs Gevâliyârî ve Tasavvufî Düşüncesi. Ankara: Fecr Yayınları, 2025.
  • Zuberi, Irfan - Sarrazin, Natalie. “Evolution of a Ritual Musical Genre: The Adaptation of Qawwali in Contemporary Hindi Film”. Music in Contemporary Indian Film: Memory, Voice, Identity. ed. Jayson Beaster-Jones - Natalie Sarrazin. 162-175. New York: Routledge, 2017.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İsa Yalçın 0000-0002-1735-2489

Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Yalçın, İsa. “Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent”. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi 12/Özel Sayı (Kasım2025), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1762306.

Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.