Araştırma Makalesi

Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent

Cilt: 12 Sayı: Özel Sayı 30 Kasım 2025
PDF İndir
EN TR

Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent

Öz

Qawwālī, which took shape in the Indian subcontinent in the 13th century particularly within the circles of the Chishtiyya order, was institutionalized under the leadership of Amir Khusrau (d. 725/1325) through the blending of Persian-Islamic elements with local languages and melodic traditions. Its primary function is to direct listeners toward divine love in samā‘ gatherings, leading them to states of ecstasy (wajd) and annihilation in God (fanā). In this context, qawwālī possesses a poetic structure that begins with praises of God, panegyrics (na‘t) for the Prophet Muḥammad, and narratives of Sufi saints, and then deepens with ghazals dealing with metaphorical love and the quest for divine truth. The Chishtiyya tradition’s close engagement with the public, along with its inclusive mission, has transformed qawwālī into a medium for interfaith dialogue and cultural interaction between Muslims and Hindus. In particular, its discursive similarities with the Bhakti movement have fused it with local mystical understandings. Musically, qawwālī adopts the system of Hindustani classical music and is performed as a collective act accompanied by the harmonium, dholak, rhythmic handclaps, and improvisations, evolving in direct interaction with the audience. Over time, however, qawwālī moved beyond the spiritual framework of shrines and khanqāhs, entering courts, fairs, stages, and the sphere of popular culture. In the 20th century, especially under the leadership of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (d. 1418/1997), it evolved toward secularization, taking a new shape within Indian cinema and the world music scene. This study addresses the historical origins of qawwālī, its functions within the context of the Sufi order, its spiritual role, its linguistic and musical features, and its transformation in the process of secularization. Presenting a comparative framework with international literature, the research highlights qawwālī’s significance for Sufi studies. Furthermore, through an interdisciplinary approach, it reveals qawwālī’s position today as a dynamic cultural heritage that represents the balance between spiritual ecstasy and aesthetic pleasure. The findings obtained through an interdisciplinary approach reliably support, from a methodological perspective, the importance of the qawwālī in Sufi studies and its position within the context of contemporary cultural heritage. The fundamental problem of the study is the extent to which spiritual enthusiasm has been preserved or lost in the process of qawwālī evolving into an aesthetic and popular identity, distancing itself from its Sufi origins.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Abbas, Shemeem Burney. The Female Voice in Sufi Ritual: Devotional Practices of Pakistan and India. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002.
  2. Amjad, Iram. “A Multimodal Analysis of Qawwali: From Ecstasy to Exotic Trance”. Linguistics and Literature Review 3/1 (2017), 13-25.
  3. Bednar, Michael. “Amir Khusrau”. Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. ed. Zayn R. Kassam et al. 66-70. The Netherlands: Springer, 2018.
  4. Bhattacharjee, Anuradha - Alam, Shadab. “The Origin and Journey of Qawwali: From Sacred Ritual to Entertainment?” Journal of Creative Communications 7/3 (2012), 209-225.
  5. Ceyhan, Semih. “Semâ”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 36/455-457. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, 2009.
  6. Gaborieau, Marc. “Hint Alt-Kıtası’nda İslâm Tarîkatları -Etnolojik Bir Yaklaşım-”. trans. Osman Türer. İslâm Dünyasında Tarîkatlar (Gelişmeleri ve Aktüel Durumları). İstanbul: Sûf Yayınları, 2004.
  7. Gaind-Krishnan, Sonia. “Qawwali Routes: Notes on a Sufi Music’s Transformation in Diaspora”. Religions 11/12 (2020), 1-16.
  8. Gevaş, İsmail. Çiştî Tarikatı ile Mevlevî Tarikatı Arasındaki Benzerlikler Bağlamında Kavvâli Dînî Mûsikî Türünün İncelenmesi. Ankara: Ankara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Master’s Thesis, 2019.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Kasım 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

11 Ağustos 2025

Kabul Tarihi

14 Ekim 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yalçın, İ. (2025). Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi, 12(Özel Sayı), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1762306
AMA
1.Yalçın İ. Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent. TİD. 2025;12(Özel Sayı):103-122. doi:10.33718/tid.1762306
Chicago
Yalçın, İsa. 2025. “Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent”. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi 12 (Özel Sayı): 103-22. https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1762306.
EndNote
Yalçın İ (01 Kasım 2025) Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi 12 Özel Sayı 103–122.
IEEE
[1]İ. Yalçın, “Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent”, TİD, c. 12, sy Özel Sayı, ss. 103–122, Kas. 2025, doi: 10.33718/tid.1762306.
ISNAD
Yalçın, İsa. “Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent”. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi 12/Özel Sayı (01 Kasım 2025): 103-122. https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1762306.
JAMA
1.Yalçın İ. Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent. TİD. 2025;12:103–122.
MLA
Yalçın, İsa. “Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent”. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi, c. 12, sy Özel Sayı, Kasım 2025, ss. 103-22, doi:10.33718/tid.1762306.
Vancouver
1.İsa Yalçın. Qawwālī as the Musical Manifestation of Spiritual Ecstasy: The Case of the Indian Subcontinent. TİD. 01 Kasım 2025;12(Özel Sayı):103-22. doi:10.33718/tid.1762306

Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.