Paleobiological Geosite Concept: A Reference Study of K/Pg Geosites in the Eastern Black Sea, NE Türkiye

Öz

The Eastern Black Sea region (NE Türkiye) has important geological, historical, and natural value. The geological setting of the region includes the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic periods. From a palaeobiological point of view, there have been five major extinction events since the formation of the Earth. Studies of the Cretaceous/Paleogene transition/extinction 66 million years ago (mainly platinum group element anomalies, Mg/Ca ratios, Sr isotopes, C-O stable isotopes, and biostratigraphy) have identified the K/Pg boundary/transition markers in detail. In particular, the Eastern Black Sea region has a large Mesozoic-Cenozoic stratigraphic mass. Sedimentary rocks, which are fewer than the igneous and volcanic rocks, also outcrop in the region. These sedimentary rocks, therefore, provide insights into the biostratigraphy of the region. K/Pg-aged neritic and pelagic sequences are distributed along the Black Sea on an east-west axis. The K/Pg transition in the sequences is indicated to be neritic-neritic at Ordu, pelagic-pelagic and neritic-neritic at Trabzon, and pelagic-pelagic and neritic-neritic at Artvin. These transitions were identified from foraminiferal biostratigraphy according to benthic Orbitoides-Lepidorbitoides and planktic G. gansseri-A. mayaroensis in the Late Cretaceous and benthic Shallow Benthic Zone (SBZ) 1-3 and planktic P0-P5 biozones in the Paleogene. Especially in the K/Pg transition/boundary in neritic sediments in the Ordu region; Orduina erki gen. n. sp. (Sirel, 1969), Laffitteina erki (Sirel, 1994), Orduella sphaerica n. gen. n. sp. (Sirel, 1999), Selimina spinalis n. gen. n. sp. (İnan, 1996), Sirelina orduensis n. gen. n. sp. (Meriç and İnan, 1998), and Cocoarota orali n. sp. (İnan, 2003) were identified as new genus and species. In this distribution, K/Pg outcrop sections occur in Ordu, Trabzon, and Artvin. Based on the biostratigraphic data, it was determined that the successions in these three regions, which contain the transition between the Cretaceous and the Paleogene, are important palaeobiological geosites for both Türkiye and the world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eastern Black Sea
• K/Pg transition
• Palaeobiology
• Palaeobiological geosite

Paleobiyolojik Jeosit Kavramı: Doğu Karadeniz’in K/Pg Jeositlerinde Referans Bir Çalışma, KD Türkiye / Paleobiological Geosite Concept: A Reference Study of K/Pg Geosites in the Eastern Black Sea, NE Türkiye

Öz

Doğu Karadeniz (KD Türkiye); jeolojisi, tarihi ve doğal değerleri bakımından önemli bir bölgedir. Bölgenin jeolojik geçmişi; Paleozoyik, Mesozoyik ve Senozoyik dönemleri içermektedir. Paleobiyolojik olarak Dünya’nın oluşumundan günümüze değin beş büyük yok oluş yaşandığı bilinmektedir. Günümüzden 66 milyon yıl önce gerçekleşen Kretase-Paleojen geçişi/yok oluşu üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda (başlıca; platin grubu element anomalileri, Mg/Ca oranları, Sr izotopları, duraylı C-O izotop değerleri ve biyostratigrafi) K/Pg sınır/geçiş işaretleri ayrıntılı olarak belirlenmiştir. Özellikle, Mesozoyik-Sonozoyik stratigrafisi Doğu Karadeniz’de yer almakta olup magmatik ve volkanik kayaçlara göre daha az olan tortul kayaçlar da mostra vermektedir. K/Pg yaşlı neritik ve pelajik ardalanmalar doğu-batı ekseninde Karadeniz boyunca yayılım göstermektedir. Bu çökellerdeki K/Pg geçişi; Ordu’da neritik-neritik, Trabzon’da pelajik-pelajik ve neritik-neritik, Artvin’de ise pelajik-pelajik ve neritik-neritik olarak belirtilmektedir. Bu geçişler, foraminifer biyostratigrafisine dayalı olarak Geç Kretase’de bentik Orbitoides-Lepidorbitoides ve planktik G. gansseri-A. mayaroensis ile Paleojen’de bentik SBZ (Shallow Benthic Zones) 1-3 ve planktik P0-P5 biyozonlarına göre belirlenmiştir. Özellikle, Ordu bölgesinin neritik çökellerindeki K/Pg geçişinde/sınırında; Orduina erki n. gen. n. sp. (Sirel, 1969), Laffitteina erki (Sirel, 1994), Orduella sphaerica n. gen. n. sp. (Sirel, 1999), Selimina spinalis n. gen. n. sp. (İnan, 1996), Sirelina orduensis n. gen. n. sp. (Meriç ve İnan, 1998) ve Cocoarota orali n. sp. (İnan, 2003) olmak üzere yeni cins ve türler tanımlanmıştır. Bu yayılımda; Ordu, Trabzon ve Artvin yörelerinde yüzeyleyen K/Pg geçişinin saptandığı tip kesit noktaları ön plana çıkmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu tortul birimler bölgenin biyostratigrafisinin oluşturulmasına ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sunulan biyostratigrafik veriler ışığında; Kretase ve Paleojen dönemleri arasındaki geçiş kayıtlarını içeren, bu üç bölgedeki istiflerin hem Türkiye hem de Dünya için önemli paleobiyolojik jeositler olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğu Karadeniz
• K/Pg geçişi
• Paleobiyoloji
• Paleobiyolojik jeosit

Kaynakça

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