Evaluation of clinical and radiological findings in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Öz

Aim: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent chronic rheumatologic condition in children. Determining radiological progression in relation to clinical and laboratory parameters is crucial for initiating early intervention. This study aimed to investigate the association between diagnostic delay, human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) positivity, and the development of late radiological changes in children with JIA. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 96 patients diagnosed with JIA between January 2006 and April 2015. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were reviewed. Radiological changes emerging after one year of disease onset were defined as late radiological findings. Clinical features, laboratory markers, and treatment modalities were compared between patients with early and late radiological changes. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 8.8 ± 4.0 years; 67.7% were female. Oligoarticular JIA was the most common subtype, occurring in 67 patients (69.8%), followed by systemic JIA in 20 patients (20.8%) and polyarticular JIA in 9 patients (9.4%). Late radiological changes were observed in 35 patients (36.5%). HLA-B27 positivity (20.0% vs. 6.6%, p=0.049), longer diagnostic delay (3.3 ± 2.0 vs 2.0 ± 1.8 years, p=0.002), higher joint involvement (5.6 ± 3.6 vs. 4.2 ± 2.7, p=0.033), and extra-articular findings (68.6% vs. 27.9%, p=0.001) were associated with late radiological changes. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test positivity was inversely associated (40.0% vs. 62.3%, p=0.034). Conclusions: HLA-B27 positivity and diagnostic delay were associated with late radiological changes in children with JIA. Early diagnosis and close radiological monitoring may help prevent long-term joint damage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• HLA-B27 antigen
• diagnostic delay
• radiological progression
• pediatric rheumatology

Çocuklarda juvenil idiyopatik artritte klinik ve radyolojik özelliklerin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Juvenil idiyopatik artrit (JİA), çocuklarda en sık görülen kronik romatolojik hastalıktır. Klinik ve laboratuvar parametreleri ile ilişkili radyolojik ilerlemenin belirlenmesi, erken müdahalenin başlatılması için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, JİA’lı çocuklarda tanı gecikmesi, insan lökosit antijeni B27 (HLA-B27) pozitifliği ile geç dönem radyolojik değişikliklerin gelişimi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif tek merkezli çalışma, Ocak 2006 ile Nisan 2015 tarihleri arasında JIA tanısı konulan 96 hasta dahil edildi. Demografik, klinik, laboratuvar ve radyolojik veriler incelenmiştir. Hastalığın başlangıcından bir yıl sonra ortaya çıkan radyografik değişiklikler “geç dönem radyolojik bulgular” olarak tanımlanmıştır. Erken ve geç radyolojik değişiklikleri olan hastalar klinik özellikler, laboratuvar belirteçleri ve tedavi yöntemleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Tanı anındaki ortalama yaş 8,8 ± 4,0 yıl olup, hastaların %67,7’si kızdı. En yaygın alt tip oligoartiküler JIA olup 67 hastada (%69,8) görülmüştür, bunu 20 hastada (%20,8) sistemik JIA ve 9 hastada (%9,4) poliartiküler JIA izlemiştir. Geç radyolojik değişiklikler 35 hastada (%36,5) saptandı. HLA-B27 pozitifliği (%20’e karşı %6,6; p=0,048), daha uzun tanı gecikmesi (3.3 ± 2.0 karşı 2.0 ± 1.8 yıl; p=0,002), daha yüksek eklem tutulumu (5,6 ± 3,6’ya karşı 4,2 ± 2,7; p=0,032) ve ekstraartiküler bulguların varlığı (%68,6’ya karşı %27,9; p=0,001) geç radyolojik değişiklikler ile ilişkiliydi. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test pozitifliği ise ters yönde ilişkili bulundu (%40’a karşı %62.3; p=0,034). Sonuç: HLA-B27 pozitifliği ve tanı gecikmesi, JİA’lı çocuklarda geç dönem radyolojik değişikliklerle ile ilişkilidir. Erken tanı ve düzenli radyolojik izlem, uzun dönem eklem hasarının önlenmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Juvenil idiyopatik artrit
• HLA-B27 antijeni
• Tanı gecikmesi
• Radyolojik progresyon
• Pediatrik romatoloji.

Kaynakça

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