A comparison of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters measured under in situ and in vitro conditions in Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana and Pinus brutia trees

Yıl 2024, , 41 - 48, 30.03.2024

Esra Bayar , Mehmet Said Özçelik

https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1404940

Cited By: 1

Öz

This study was conducted to compare the results of in situ and in vitro methods that can be used for measuring gas exchange parameters in two pine species. The study was carried out in a mixed Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb). Holmboe and Pinus brutia Ten. plantation in Kemer/Burdur, which has a semi-arid climate type located in the Western Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. In the first method, gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate-Anet, stomatal conductance-gs and transpiration rate-E) were measured directly on the tree using a mobile scaffold to reach to the tree canopy (in situ conditions). In the second method, branches were cut at approximately 50 cm and gas exchange parameters were determined in the same needles after the branch was immediately submerged in water (in vitro conditions). Measurements were taken between June and October 2022. Student’s t-test was conducted to compare the results of in situ and in vitro photosynthesis measurement methods. No statistically significant differences were found between the results of the compared methods in terms of gas exchange parameters for both species. The results of the study showed that in vitro measurements of photosynthesis can be preferred to in situ measurements of photosynthesis in P. nigra and P. brutia under field conditions where access to the canopy of tall trees is not possible.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anatolian black pine, Branch cutting, Gas exchange, In situ measurement, Mediterranean forest, Turkish red pine

Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana ve Pinus brutia ağaçlarında in vitro ve in situ koşullarda ölçülen fotosentetik gaz değişim parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışma, iki çam türünde gaz değişim parametrelerini belirlemede kullanılabilecek in situ ve in vitro metotların sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye'nin Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan yarı kurak iklim tipine sahip Kemer/Burdur orman alanındaki Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb). Holmboe ve Pinus brutia Ten. karışık plantasyon sahasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci yöntem olarak her iki türde gaz değişim parametreleri (net fotosentez hızı- Anet, stoma iletkenliği-gs ve terleme oranı-E) kurulan bir iskele yardımıyla doğrudan ağaç üzerinde ölçülmüştür (in situ koşulları temsilen). İkinci yöntemde, ölçüm yapılan ibrelerin bulunduğu dallar yaklaşık 50 cm’den kesilip suya daldırılarak aynı ibreler üzerinde gaz değişim parametreleri belirlenmiştir (in vitro koşulları temsilen). Çalışma 2022 yılının Haziran-Ekim ayları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. In situ ve in vitro fotosentez ölçüm yöntemlerinin sonuçlarını karşılaştırmak için Student t testi uygulanmıştır. Örnekleme günlerinde, iki türde de gaz değişim parametreleri bakımından uygulanan metotların sonuçları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, boylu ağaçların dallarına erişimin mümkün olmadığı arazi koşullarında P. nigra ve P. brutia türlerinde in situ fotosentez ölçümleri yerine in vitro fotosentez ölçümlerinin tercih edilebileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anadolu karaçamı, Dal kesme, Gaz değişimi, Yerinde ölçüm, Akdeniz Ormanları, Kızılçam

Kaynakça

• Aguadé, D., Poyatos, R., Rosas, T., Martínez-Vilalta, J., 2015. Comparative drought responses of Quercus ilex L. and Pinus sylvestris L. in a montane forest undergoing a vegetation shift. Forests, 6, 2505-2529.
• Akalusi, M.E., Meng, F-R., Bourque, C.P.A., 2021. Photosynthetic parameters and stomatal conductance in attached and detached balsam fir foliage. Plant-Environment Interactions, 2(4):206-215.
• Akkemik, Ü., 2018. Ağaç Fizyolojisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi- Cerrahpaşa Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Atalay, İ., 2002. Türkiye'nin Ekolojik Bölgeleri. Orman Bakanlığı Yayınları, İzmir.
• Bayar, E., Deligöz, A., 2020. Impacts of precommercial thinning on gas exchange, midday water potential, and chlorophyll content in Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana stand from the semiarid region. Trees Structure and Function, 34(5): 1169-1181.
• Dang, Q-L., Margolis, H.A., Coyea, M.R., Sy, M., Collatz, G.J., 1997. Regulation of branch-level gas exchange of boreal trees: roles of shoot water potential and vapor pressure difference. Tree Physiology, 17 (8-9): 521–535.
• Deligöz, A., Bayar, E., 2021. Impact of drought stress on water potential and gas exchange parameters in Macedonian oak (Quercus trojana P.B. Webb.) seedlings. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 22(4): 366-370.
• Field, C.B., Ball, J.T., Berry, J.A., 1989. Photosynthesis: principles and field techniques. In: Plant Physiological Ecology (Ed: Pearcy, R.W., Ehleringer, J.R., Mooney, H.A., Rundel, P.W.). Springer, New York, pp.209-253.
• Flügge, U.-I., Westhoff, P., Leister, D., 2016. Recent advances in understanding photosynthesis. F1000Research, 5:2890.
• General Directorate of Forestry (Türkiye), 2022. Official statistics. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/e-kutuphane/resmi-istatistikler, Accessed: 10.12.2023.
• Gauthier, M.M., Jacobs, D.F., 2010. Ecophysiological responses of black walnut (Juglans nigra) to plantation thinning along a vertical canopy gradient. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(5): 867–874.
• Gauthier, M.M., Jacobs, D.F., 2018. Reductions in net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance vary with time since leaf detachment in three deciduous angiosperms. Trees, 32(5): 1247–1252.
• Hättenschwiler, S., Körner, C., 1997. Biomass allocation and canopy development in spruce model ecosystems under elevated CO2 and increased N deposition. Oecologia, 113(1): 104–114.
• Haworth, M., Giovanni, M., Centritto, M., 2018. An introductory guide to gas exchange analysis of photosynthesis and its application to plant phenotyping and precision irrigation to enhance water use efficiency. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 9(4): 786–808.
• Hunt, S., 2003. Measurements of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 117(3): 314–25.
• Huzisige, H., Ke, B., 1993. Dynamics of the history of photosynthesis research. Photosynthesis Research, 38(2): 185–209.
• Jafarnia, S., Akbarinia, M., Hosseinpor, B., Modares Sanavi, S.AM., Salami, S.A., 2018. Effects of drought stress on some growth, morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of two different populations of Quercus brantii. iForest Biogeosciences and Forestry, 11: 212-220.
• Karnosky, D.F., Zak, D.R., Pregitzer, K.S., Awmack, C.S., Bockheim, J.G., Dickson, R.E., Hendrey, G. R., Host, G.E., King, J.S., Kopper, B.J., Kruger, E.L., Kubiske, M.E., Lindroth, R.L., Mattson, W.J., Mcdonald, E.P., Noormets, A., Oksanen, E., Parsons, W.F.J., Percy, K.E., Podila, G.K., Riemenschneider, D.E., Sharma, P., Thakur, R., Sôber, A., Sôber, J., Jones, W.S., Anttonen,S., Vapaavuori, E., Mankovska, B., Heilman, W., Isebrands, J.G., 2003. Tropospheric O3 moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2 : A synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the aspen FACE project. Functional Ecology, 17(3): 289–304.
• Koç, İ., Nzokou, P., 2023. Combined effects of water stress and fertilization on the morphology and gas exchange parameters of 3‑year‑old Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 45:49.
• Koike, T., 1986. A method for measuring photosynthesis with detached parts of deciduous broad-leaved trees in Hokkaido. Journal of the Japanese Forestry of Society, 68(8): 423-428.
• Loewenstein, N. J., Pallardy, S.G.,1998. Drought tolerance, xylem sap abscisic acid and stomatal conductance during soil drying: A comparison of canopy trees of three temperate deciduous angiosperms. Tree Physiology, 18(7): 431–439.
• Meng, C., Liu, X., Chai, Y., Xu, J., Yue, M., 2019. Another choice for measuring tree photosynthesis in vitro. PeerJ, 7:e5933.
• Millan-Almaraz, J.R., Guevara-Gonzalez, R.G., Romero-Troncoso, R., Osornio-Rios, R.A., Torres- Pacheco, I., 2009. Advantages and disadvantages on photosynthesis measurement techniques: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(25): 7340-7349.
• Missik, J.E.C., Oishi, A.C., Benson, M.C., Meretsky, V.J., Phillips, R.P., Novick, K.A., 2021. Performing gas-exchange measurements on excised branches - evaluation and recommendations. Photosynthetica, 59(1): 61-73.
• Miyazawa, Y., Tateishi, M., Komatsu, H., Kumagai, T., Otsuki, K., 2011. Are measurements from excised leaves suitable for modeling diurnal patterns of gas exchange of intact leaves?. Hydrological Processes, 25: 2924-2930.
• Nunes, L.J.R., Meireles, C.I.R., Pinto Gomes, C.J., Almeida Ribeiro, N.M.C., 2020. Forest contribution to climate change mitigation: management oriented to carbon capture and storage. Climate, 8(2): 21. Pérez-Harguindeguy, N., Díaz, S., Garnier, E., Lavorel, S., Poorter, H., Jaureguiberry, P., Bret-Harte, M.S., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J.M., Gurvich, D.E., Urcelay, C., Veneklaas, E.J., Reich, P. B., Poorter, L., Wright, I.J., Ray, P., Enrico, L., Pausas, J.G., de Vos, A.C., Buchmann, N., Funes, G., Quétier, F., Hodgson, J.G., Thompson, K., Morgan, H.D., ter Steege, H., van der Heijden, M.G.A., Sack, L., Blonder, B., Poschlod, P., Vaieretti, M.V., Conti, G., Staver, A.C., Aquino, S., Cornelissen, J.H.C., 2013. New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 61: 167–234.
• Santiago, L., Mulkey, S. A., 2003. Test of gas exchange measurements on excised canopy branches of ten tropical tree species. Photosynthetica 41: 343–347.
• Saxe, H., 1991. Photosynthesis and stomatal responses to polluted air, and the use of physiological and biochemical responses for early detection and diagnostic tools. Advances in Botanical Research, 18: 1-128.
• Sazeides, C.I., Christopulou, A., Fyllas, N.M., 2021. Coupling Photosynthetic measurements with biometric data to estimate Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) in Mediterranean Pine Forests of different post-fire age. Forests, 12: 1256.
• Schönbeck, L., Grossiord, C., Gessler, A., Gisler, J., Meusburger, K., D’Odorico, P., Rigling, A., Salmon, A., Stocker, B.D., Zweifel, R., Schaub, M., 2022. Photosynthetic acclimation and sensitivity to short- and long-term environmental changes in a drought-prone forest. Journal of Experimental Botany, 73(8): 2576–88.
• Scoffoni, C., Sack, L., 2015. Are leaves ‘freewheelin’? Testing for a Wheeler-type effect in leaf xylem hydraulic decline. Plant, Cell and Environment, (38): 534-543.
• Siebers, M.H., Gomez-Casanovas, N., Fu, P., Meacham-Hensold, K., Moore, C.E., Bernacchi, C.R., 2021. Emerging approaches to measure photosynthesis from the leaf to the ecosystem. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, 5(2): 261-274.
• Shinde, S., Naik, D., Cumming, J.R., 2018. Carbon allocation and partitioning in Populus tremuloides are modulated by ectomycorrhizal fungi under phosphorus limitation. Tree Phyhsiology, 38(1): 52-65.
• Svenson, S.E., Davies, F.T. Jr 1992. Comparison of methods for estimated surface area of water-stressed and fully hydrated pine needle segments for gas exchange analysis. Tree Physiology, 10: 417-421.
• Tang, Y., Wang, C.K., 2011. A feasible method for measuring photosynthesis in vitro for major tree species in northeastern China. Chin J Plant Ecol, 35(4): 452-462.
• Torres-Ruiz, J. M., Jansen, S., Choat, B., McElrone, A. J., Cochard, H., Brodribb, T. J., Badel, E., Burlett, R., Bouche, P. S., Brodersen, C. R., Li, S., Morris, H., Delzon, S., 2015. Direct x-ray microtomography observation confirms the induction of embolism upon xylem cutting under tension. Plant Physiology, 167(1): 40–43.
• Venturas, M.D., Mackinnon, E.D., Jacobsen, A.L., Pratt, R.B., 2015. Excising stem samples underwater at native tension does not induce xylem cavitation. Plant, Cell and Environment, 38(6): 1060-1068.
• Verryckt, L.T., Van Langenhove, L., Ciais, P., Courtois, E.A., Vicca, S., Peñuelas, J., Stahl, C., Coste, S., Ellsworth, D.S., Posada, J.M., Obersteiner, M., Chave, J., Janssens, I.A., 2020. Coping with branch excision when measuring leaf net photosynthetic rates in a lowland tropical forest. Biotropica, 52: 608–615.
• Voronin, P.Y., Fedoseeva, G.P., 2012. Stomatal control of photosynthesis in detached leaves of woody and herbaceous plants. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 59(2): 281-286.
• Wheeler, J.K., Huggett, B.A., Tofte, A.N., Rockwell, F.E. Holbrook, N.M., 2013. Cutting xylem under tension or supersaturated with gas can generate PLC and the appearance of rapid recovery from embolism. Plant, Cell and Environment, 36: 1938-1949.
• Yin, G., Verger, A., Descals, A., Filella, I., Peñuelas, J., 2022. Nonlinear thermal responses outweigh water limitation in the attenuated effect of climatic warming on photosynthesis in northern ecosystems. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(16):e2022GL100096.