Karbon tarımı sertifikasyon çerçevesinin içselleştirilmesi: AB girişiminden çıkarılan dersler ve Türkiye için potansiyel

Öz

Karbon piyasalarının temel bileşenlerinden biri sertifikalandırmadır. Aralık 2024’te Avrupa Parlamentosu, kalıcı karbon giderimi, karbon tarımı ve odun ürünlerinde karbon depolaması için AB düzeyinde ilk sertifikasyon çerçevesini oluşturmak üzere siyasi bir anlaşmaya vardı. Gönüllü nitelikteki bu çerçeve, karbon giderimi ve emisyon azaltım faaliyetlerini uygulayarak AB’deki karbon emisyonlarını azaltmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yönetmelik dört tür birimi kapsamaktadır: kalıcı karbon depolama, ahşap ürünlerinde geçici depolanması, geçici karbon depolama ve karbon tarımı yoluyla sağlanan emisyon azaltımları. Bu girişim, yakın zamanda arazi kullanma sektörü için belirlenen azaltım hedeflerinin ulusal bir karbon tarımı yönetmeliğinin geliştirilmesi için temel oluşturduğu Türkiye açısından da örnek teşkil etme potansiyeline sahiptir. Halihazırda Türkiye’de karbon tarımı için ulusal düzeyde bir karbon sertifikasyonu yönetmeliği bulunmamaktadır. AB’nin bu çerçevesi, Türkiye’nin kendi koşullarına uygun bir yaklaşım geliştirmesi için değerli bir rehber ve tetikleyici etken olabilir. Ancak, arazi mülkiyetiyle ilgili sorunlar ve ormanlık alanlarda özgün katkı gibi ülkeye özgü zorlukların giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Geliştirilecek sistem hem sade hem de sağlam yapıda olmalı; güvenilirlik sağlamalı ve yatırım çekebilmelidir. Başlangıçta gönüllü olacak şekilde tasarlansa da yönetmelik ileride bir düzenlenmiş piyasaya geçişi de göz önünde bulundurmalıdır. Ayrıca, arazi kullanma sektörüne özel, 2030 ve sonrasına yönelik, iyi tanımlanmış bir azaltım hedefi belirlenmesi, etkin uygulamayı teşvik edecek önemli bir unsur olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karbon tarımı
• AB sınırda karbon düzenlemesi
• Yeşil taksonomi
• Arazi kullanma sektörü
• Net sıfır

Adopting carbon farming certification framework: Lessons from the EU's initiative and potential for Türkiye

Öz

One of the essential components of carbon markets is certification. In December 2024, the European Parliament reached a political agreement to establish the first EU-level certification framework for permanent carbon removals, carbon farming, and carbon storage in products. The voluntary framework aims to reduce carbon emissions in the EU by implementing activities that promote carbon removal and emission reduction. The regulation covers four types of units: permanent storage, temporary storage of wood products, temporary storage, and emission reductions through carbon farming. The initiative has the potential to serve as a model for Türkiye, where the recent land sector mitigation targets provide a foundation for developing a national carbon farming regulation. Since Türkiye lacks a national carbon certification regulation for carbon farming, the EU's framework can provide valuable guidance and inspiration for Türkiye to develop its tailored approach. However, several country-specific challenges must be addressed, including land ownership complexities and the issue of additionality in forestlands. It must also be designed to be both simplistic and robust, ensuring transparency and integrity to attract investment. While initially voluntary, the regulation should consider transitioning toward a compliance-based market in the future. Additionally, we suggest that a well-defined land sector-wide mitigation target for 2030 and beyond may serve as an incentive for effective implementation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Carbon farming
• EU Carbon border adjustment mechanism
• Green taxonomy
• Land sector
• Net zero

Kaynakça

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