Ilgaz Dağı Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası’nda memeli türlerinin habitat uygunluk modellemesi ve haritalanması

Öz

Yaban hayvanlarının beslenme, barınma ve üreme gibi yaşamsal ihtiyaçlarını karşıladıkları habitatlar günümüzde iklim değişikliği ve antropojenik tehditlerin etkisi altındadır. Gün geçtikçe nitelik ve nicelik bakımından bozulan habitatların yönetimi ve korunması, yaban hayvanlarının geleceği açısından giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin önemli yaban hayatı alanlarından biri olan Ilgaz Dağı Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası’nda (YHGS) bulunan memeli türlerinin habitat uygunluk modellemelerinin yapılması ve potansiyel habitat uygunluk haritalarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Türlerin tespiti amacıyla 2021–2023 yılları arasında elde edilen 38 bağımsız fotokapan kaydı ile arazi çalışmaları sırasında belirlenen 4 iz/dışkı kaydından elde edilen varlık verileri maksimum entropi yaklaşımı (MaxEnt) ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda alanda en yaygın türler olarak belirlenen bozayı (Ursus arctos), karaca (Capreolus capreolus), kurt (Canis lupus) ve yaban tavşanının (Lepus europaeus) habitat uygunluk modelleri ve potansiyel yayılış haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Modellerin performansını gösteren AUC değerleri 0,85–0,93 arasında bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda söz konusu dört türün habitat uygunluğunu etkileyen en önemli faktörün yola olan uzaklık olduğu, diğer önemli faktörlerin ise türe bağlı olarak suya olan uzaklık, yükseklik, bitki örtüsü sınıfları, eğim, bakı ve solar radyasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fotokapan
• MaxEnt
• Tür dağılım modeli
• Yaban hayatı yönetimi

Destekleyen Kurum

Kastamonu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

Kü-BAP01/2020-69

Habitat Suitability Modeling and Mapping of Mammal Species in the Ilgaz Mountain Wildlife Development Area

Öz

Habitats where wildlife meet their vital needs such as feeding, sheltering, and reproduction are currently under the influence of climate change and anthropogenic threats. The management and conservation of habitats, which are deteriorating day by day in terms of quality and quantity, are becoming increasingly important for the future of wildlife. This study aimed to perform habitat suitability modeling of mammal species inhabiting the Ilgaz Mountain Wildlife Development Area (WDA), one of the important wildlife areas of the Western Black Sea Region, and to generate potential habitat suitability maps. Presence data obtained from 38 independent camera trap records collected between 2021 and 2023 and 4 track/scat records identified during field studies were analyzed using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) approach. As a result of the study, habitat suitability models and potential distribution maps were generated for brown bear (Ursus arctos), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wolf (Canis lupus), and European hare (Lepus europaeus), which were identified as the most common species in the area. The AUC values indicating model performance were found to range between 0.85 and 0.93. The results of the study revealed that the most important factor affecting the distribution of these four species was distance to roads, while the other important factors varied depending on the species and included distance to water, elevation, vegetation classes, slope, aspect, and solar radiation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Camera trap
• MaxEnt
• Species distribution model
• Wildlife management

Proje Numarası

Kü-BAP01/2020-69

Teşekkür

Bu araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesine katkı sağlayan Kastamonu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi’ne (Proje No: KÜ-BAP01/2020-69) ve arazi çalışmaları sürecinde verdikleri desteklerden dolayı Kastamonu Doğa Koruma ve Milli Park Müdürlüğü’ne teşekkür ederiz.

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