Noncommunicable Diseases as A New Urban Epidemic

Öz

Prevalence of non-communicable diseases has shown an increase in rapidly urbanizing population. It introduces us with a new urban epidemic which shapes by lifestyle and working patterns of urban residents. Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking and alcohol consumption are four key risk factors which lead the development of non-communicable diseases. Socio-economic, environmental and occupational influence which are brought together with urban settlement increases the impacts of these factors. Air pollution, problems in the food system, lack of green space and living in poor neighbourhoods are important urban features which can trigger noncommunicable diseases. Type 2 diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, depression, anxiety, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and arthritis are among the noncommuncable disease which can be associated with urban features. Improving urban features, strengthening the city's residents, ensuring community involvement, adapting urban planning and primary health care according to these interventions and implementation of the multi-sectoral strategy may be useful for control and prevention of these diseases.

Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların prevalansı hızla kentleşen nüfusta artış göstermektedir. Bu durum kent sakinlerinin yaşam biçimi ve çalışma örüntüsü ile şekillenen yeni bir kentsel epidemiyi karşımıza çıkarmaktadır. Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların gelişiminde öncülük eden dört temel risk faktörü; fiziksel inaktivite, sağlıksız beslenme, sigara içimi ve alkol tüketimidir. Kentsel yerleşimin beraberinde getirdiği sosyo-ekonomik, çevresel ve mesleksel etkiler bu risk faktörlerinin etkisini artırmaktadır. Hava kirliliği, gıda sistemindeki sorunlar, yeşil alanların azlığı ve yoksul semtlerde yaşam bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkları tetikleyebilen önemli kentsel özelliklerdendir. Tip 2 Diyabet, kardiyo-vasküler hastalıklar, depresyon, anksiyete, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH), kanserler ve artritler kentsel özellikler ile ilişkili olabilen bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklardandır. Bu hastalıkların kontrolü ve önlenmesinde sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri doğrultusunda kentsel özelliklerin iyileştirilmesi, kent sakinlerinin güçlendirilmesi, toplumsal katılımın sağlanması,  kentsel planlamanın ve birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin bu müdahale alanlarına göre uyarlanması ile çok sektörlü stratejilerin uygulanması yararlı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban,epidemic,non-communicable disease

Kaynakça

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