Kadınların Servikal Kanserin Erken Tanısına İlişkin Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Kadınların serviks kanserinin erken tanısına ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi küresel bir sağlık probleminin çözümündeki engelleri aşmak bakımından önemlidir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı, kadınların servikal kanserin erken tanısına ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikteki bu araştırmada tabakalı, oranlı olasılığa dayalı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesi’nde çalışmanın yapıldığı tarihlerde herhangi bir nedenle ilgili polikliniğe başvuran, 20-64 yaş arasındaki 1248 kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından literatür doğrultusunda özgün olarak hazırlanan sosyo-demografik anket formu ve Servikal Kanserin Erken Tanısına İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan kadınların %66.6’sı düzenli jinekolojik muayeneye gitmektedir. Düzenli muayeneye gitmeyen kadınların yaklaşık yarısı utandıkları için kaçındıklarını ifade etmiştir. Serviks kanserinde erken tanıya ilişkin tutumlarının orta düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Yaş, eğitim, ekonomik durum ve evli olmak erken tanıya ilişkin tutumlarını etkileyen faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Düzenli jinekolojik muayeneye gidenlerin erken tanıya ilişkin duyarlılık, ciddiyet, yarar algıları gitmeyenlere göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksektir. Sonuçlar: Bulgular doğrultusunda serviks kan¬serinin erken tanılanmasını sağlayan güvenilir ve ulaşılabilir bir test olmasına rağmen kadınların orta düzeyde bir tutum sergilemeleri serviks kanserine bağlı ölümlerin önlenmesinde ve azaltılmasında önemli bir engeldir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• servikal kanser
• pap smear
• erken tarama
• tutum

Identification of Women’s Attitudes towards Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

Öz

Purpose: Identification of women’s attitudes towards early diagnosis of cervical cancer is important in terms of overcoming the barriers to the solution to a global health problem. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify women’s attitudes towards early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study utilized a stratified, proportional sampling method. The participants were 1248 women aged between 20 and 64 who applied to the Maternity and Children Hospital polyclinics due to any reason. Data were collected through the socio-demographic form which was originally developed by the researchers in line with the literature and the Attitude Scale toward Early Detection of Cervical Cancer. Results: Of all the participants, 66.6% were found to have a regular gynecological examination. Almost half of the women who did not undergo regular examination reported to have done so because they felt embarrassed. Attitudes of women towards early diagnosis of cervical cancer were found to be at moderate level. Age, education level, financial situation, and being married were identified as the factors that affected attitudes towards early diagnosis (p<0.05). Perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and benefits of women who had regular gynecological examination were found to be significantly higher than those who did not. Conclusions: In line with the findings, although there is a reliable and accessible test that enables early diagnosis of cervical cancer, medium level of attitudes among women is an important barrier in preventing and decreasing deaths caused by cervical cancer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• cervical cancer
• pap smear
• early diagnosis
• attitudes

Kaynakça

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