COVID-19 Salgını Sırasında Yaşlı Bireylerde Uyum Güçlüğü İle Spiritüel İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 151 - 160, 20.03.2022

Kadriye Sayın Kasar Arzu Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1008992

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 salgını sırasında yaşlı bireylerde uyum güçlüğü ile spiritüel iyi oluş düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmanın örneklemini, Mayıs-Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında online olarak çalışmaya katılım sağlayan 214 yaşlı birey oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, “Birey Tanıtım Formu” “Yaşlılarda Uyum Güçlüğünü Değerlendirme Ölçeği (YUGDÖ)” ve “Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği (SİOÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Veriler Pearson korelasyon testi ve Multiple linear regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan yaşlı bireylerin %41.2'si 65-69 yaş grubunda olup, yarıdan fazlası kadındır (%57.9). Katılımcıların “Yaşlılarda Uyum Güçlüğünü Değerlendirme Ölçeği” (YUDDÖ) toplam puan ortalaması 0.83±0.63 iken, “Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği” (SİOÖ) toplam puan ortalaması 118.78±16.37’dir. Katılımcıların YUDDÖ ve SİOÖ puan ortalamaları arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde ilişki bulunmuştur (r = -0.463, p = 0.000). “Yaşlılarda Uyum Güçlüğünü Değerlendirme Ölçeği”’nin, “Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği” toplam puanı (β  = -0.014), yaş (65-69 aralığı) (β = 0.094), sigara kullanma (β = 0.220) ve genel sağlık durumunu değerlendirmesi (iyi) (β  = 0.456) tarafından yordandığı bulunmuştur (p < 0.05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, yaşlı bireylerin yaşlılığa uyum düzeyi arttıkça, spiritüel iyi oluş düzeylerinin de arttığı bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, yaşlılarda görülen uyum güçlüğünün bazı sosyo-demografik ve bireysel özelliklerden etkilendiği görülmektedir..

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, yaşlı, uyum, uyum güçlüğü, spiritüel iyi oluş

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Teşekkür

Çalışmaya katılan bütün katılımcılara teşekkür ederiz.

The Relationship Between Adaptation Difficulties and Spiritual Well-Being in Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Öz

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between adaptation difficulties and spiritual well-being levels in elderly individuals during the COVID-19 epidemic. Method: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 214 elderly individuals who participated in the study online between May and August 2021. The data were collected using the "Individual Identification Form", "The Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly (ASADE)" and the "Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS)". Data were evaluated by Pearson correlation test and Multiple linear regression analysis. Results: 41.2% of the elderly individuals participating in the study are in the 65-69 age group, and more than half of them are female (57.9%). While the total score average of the participants on the Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly (ASADE) was 0.83 ± 0.63, the total mean score on the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) was 118.78 ± 16.37. A moderately negative correlation was found between the participants' ASADE and SWBS scores (r = -0.463, p = 0.000). The Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly, Spiritual Well-Being Scale total score (β  = -0.014), age (range 65-69) (β = 0.094), smoking (β = 0.220), and assessment of general health (good) (β  = 0.456) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it was found that as the level of adaptation to old age increases, the level of spiritual well-being of the elderly individuals also increases. On the other hand, it is seen that the adaptation difficulties seen in the elderly are affected by some socio-demographic and individual characteristics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, elderly, adaptation, adaptation difficulties, spiritual well-being

Kaynakça

• 1. Ahmad WIW, Astina IK, Budijanto B. Demographic transition and population ageing. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2015;6(3 S2), 213-218. doi: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p213
• 2. Paltasingh T, Tyagi R. Demographic transition and population ageing: Building an inclusive culture. Social Change, 2012;42(3):391-409. doi:10.1177/0049085712454053
• 3. World Health Organization (WHO). Ageing and health. Key facts. 4 October 2021.. Erişim linki: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health Erişim tarihi: 06.10.2021.
• 4. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). İstatistiklerle yaşlılar, Erişim linki: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2020-37227 Erişim tarihi: 11.09.2021
• 5. Papadopoulos D. The role of well-being, spirituality, and religiosity for successful aging in late life: A brief review. Advances in Aging Research, 2020;9(2):23-31. doi: 10.4236/aar.2020.92003
• 6. Şahin D, Aydın A, Şimşek N, Cabar H. Yaşlılık, depresyon ve hemşirelik. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 2012;3(1):38-41.
• 7. Schrempft S, Jackowska M, Hamer, M. et al. Associations between social isolation, loneliness, and objective physical activity in older men and women. BMC Public Health, 2019;19,74 doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6424-y
• 8. Nikitin J, Freund A. The adaptation process of aging. In R. Fernández-Ballesteros, A. Benetos, & J. Robine (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology, pp. 281-298). 2019; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316677018.018
• 9. Fulmer T, Reuben DB, Auerbach J, et al. Actualizing better health and health care for older adults. Health Aff (Millwood), 2021;40(2):219-225. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01470
• 10. Moraitou D, Kolovou C, Papasozomenou C, Paschoula C. Hope and adaptation to old age: Their relationship with individual-demographic factors. Social Indicators Research, 2006;76(1):71-93.
• 11. Yılmaz CK. Yaşlı bireylerin yaşlılığa uyum düzeyi ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020;13(3):305-317. doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.736812
• 12. Diener E, Suh EM, Lucas RE, et al. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress, Psychological Bulletin, 1999;125(2):276-302.
• 13. Power MJ. ‘Quality of life’, in S. Lopez and C.R. Snyder (eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures (American Psychological Association, Washington, DC), 2003, pp. 427-441
• 14. Flood M. A Mid-range nursing theory of successful aging. The Journal of Theory Construction and Testing, 2005;9:35-9.
• 15. Lima S, Teixeira L, Esteves R. et al. Spirituality and quality of life in older adults: A path analysis model. BMC Geriatr, 2020;20, 259. doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01646-0
• 16. Madhi S, Najafi M. The relationship between spiritual well-being and hope with quality of life, and happiness in older adults. علوم روانشناختی. 2018;17(65):78-94.
• 17. Jones CLC. Spiritual well-being in older adults: A concept analysis. J Christ Nurs, 2020;37(4):31-38. doi:10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000770
• 18. Han J, Richardson VE. The relationship between depression and loneliness among homebound older persons: Does spirituality moderate this relationship? Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 2010;29:218-236. doi:10.1080/15426432.2010.495610
• 19. Chung YG, Kim KH, Choi KS, et al. Korean older adults' perceptions of the aging process. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 2008;34(5):36-44.
• 20. Fadila DES, Abd Elhameed SH. Spiritual needs, well-being and perception of health among community dwelling older adults. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 2019;8(4):70-79
• 21. D’Adamo H, Yoshikawa T, Ouslander JG. Coronavirus disease 2019 in geriatrics and long-term care: The ABCDs of COVID-19. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,2020; 68(5):912–991.
• 22. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine, 2020;382(13):1199-1207.
• 23. Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)- United States, February 12–March 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:343-346. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e2external icon
• 24. Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA, 2020;323(18):1775–1776.
• 25. Şişman FN, Kutlu Y. Development of an assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly (ASADE) and its psychometric properties. J Psy Nurs, 2016;7(1):25-33. doi:10.5505/phd.2016.82905
• 26. Ekşi H, Kardaş S. Spiritual well-being: Scale development and validation. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling. 2017;2(1):73-88. doi:10.12738/spc.2017.1.0022
• 27. Zheleva E. Psyho-socıal adaptation of the elderly. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2013;11(3):234-236.
• 28. Akatsuka E, Tadaka E. Development of a resilience scale for oldest-old age (RSO). BMC Geriatr, 2021; 21, 174. doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02036-w
• 29. Thumala Dockendorff DC. Healthy ways of coping with losses related to the aging process. Educ Gerontol, 2014;40:363-384. doi:10.1080/03601277.2013.822203.
• 30. Aşiret GD, Yiğit H. The effect of older people’s adaptation to old age on their health-related quality of life. LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences, 2018;4(3):14-25.
• 31. Yilmaz CK, Kıl A. The relationship between the older adults’ adaptation to old age and perceived social support level. Cukurova Medical Journal, 2020;45(1):338-346.
• 32. Diener E. Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index, American Psychologist, 2000,55,pp. 34-43.
• 33. Ellison CW. Spiritual well-being: conceptualization and measurement.Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1983;11(4):330-340.
• 34. Safitri W, Sugiharto DYP, Sutoyo A. Spiritual well being in the elderly. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 2019;8(3):86-91.
• 35. Gürsu O, Ay Y. Din, manevi iyi oluş ve yaşlılık. Journal of International Social Research, 2018;11(61):1176-1179.
• 36. Yilmaz CK, Kara FŞ. The effect of spiritual well-being on adaptation to chronic illness among people with chronic illnesses. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 2021;57(1):318-325. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12566.
• 37. Aşiret GD, Okatan C. Hipertansiyon hastalarının ilaç uyum düzeyleri ile spirütüel iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. Turk J Cardiovasc Nurs, 2019;10(23):122-128.
• 38. Velasco-Gonzalez L, Rioux L. The spiritual well-being of elderly people: A study of a French sample. Journal of Religion and Health, 2014;53(4):1123-1137. doi:10.1007/s10943-013-9710-5
• 39. Frey BS, Stutzer A. Happiness and economics. World Economics, 2020;3(1):1-17.
• 40. Ali J, Marhemat F, Sara J, et al. The relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among elderly people, Holistic Nursing Practice, 2015;29(3):128-135. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000081
• 41. Bonelli R, Dew RE, Koenig HG, et al. Religious and spiritual factors in depression: review and integration of the research. Depress Res Treat, 2012;2012:962860. doi:10.1155/2012/962860
• 42. Coppola I, Rania N, Parisi R, et al. Spiritual well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021;12, 296. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626944
• 43. Davison S, Jhangri GS. The relationship between spirituality, psychosocial adjustment to illness, and health-related quality of life in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 2013;45(2):129-135. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.02.019