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COVİD-19 Sürecinde 1.Basamak Aile Sağlığı Merkezi ve Temaslı Ekibi Çalışanlarının Kaygı Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 330 - 339, 20.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1010324

Öz

Amaç: Salgın sırasında, temaslı ekipleri başta olmak üzere birinci basamak sağlık çalışanlarının kaygı düzeylerini araştırmayı ve ilgili sosyopsikolojik faktörlerin (iş arkadaşı ve örgütsel destek algı düzeyleri) belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Sağlık çalışanlarına uygulanan anketler, Google Forms aracılığıyla gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. SPPS20 prgoramı aracılığıyla Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır. Etki büyüklüğü cohen-d ile incelenmiştir. Sosyodemografik faktörler ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için doğrusal regresyon analizi (enter metod) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: 312 katılımcının %56.1’inde anksiyete, %44.2’sinde uykusuzluk, %43.6’sında örgütsel destek algısı düşüklüğü, %37.5’inde çalışma arkadaşı desteği yokluğu mevcuttur. Kadınların, kronik hastalığı olanların, düzenli ilaç kullananların anksiyetesi ve uykusuzluk şiddeti yüksekken çalışma arkadaşı desteği algısı düşüktür. Temaslı ekibinin uykusuzluk şiddeti yüksekken çalışma arkadaşı desteği düşüktür. Anksiyete ile uykusuzluk arasında pozitif; örgütsel destek ve çalışma arkadaşları desteği arasında negatif korelasyon vardır. Sonuçlar: Algılanan örgütsel ve iş arkadaşı desteğinin olmaması, kronik hastalık varlığı, kadın olma ve düzenli ilaç kullanımı anksiyete ve uykusuzluğun başlıca nedenleridir. Filyasyon çalışmasının zamandan bağımsız olarak yürütülmesi sebebiyle temas sıklığının artması anksiyete ve uykusuzluğa neden olabilir. Kadınların anksiyete yüksekliği; algılanan çalışma arkadaşı desteği düşüklüğünün bir sonucu olabilir. Sağlık profesyonellerine verilen eğitim ve destekler bu risk faktörleri göz önünde bulundurularak planlanmalıdır. Filyasyon ekiplerinin çalışma şartları iyileştirilmelidir. 1.basamak sağlık personeline verilen eğitim ve desteklerin daha etkin hale getirilmesi, motivasyonu arttırıcı söylem ve ödül mekanizmalarının işletilmesi planlanmalıdır. Bu planlamaya destekleyici yönde birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti sunucularının genel bütçedeki payı ve örgütsel gücü arttırılmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1199-1207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • 2. HSGM. COVID-19 Rehberi Genel Bilgiler Epidemiyoloji ve Tanı: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü
  • 3. Cheng L, Zheng W, Li M, Huang J, Bao S, Xu Q, et al. Citrus fruits are rich in flavonoids for immunoregulation and potential targeting ACE2. Preprints 2020.
  • 4. WHO. (World Health Organization) Coronavirus disease 2019.
  • 5. García-Iglesias JJ, Martín-Pereira J, Fagundo-Rivera J, Gómez-Salgado J. Digital surveillance tools for contact tracking of infected persons by SARS-CoV-2. Revista espanola de salud publica. 2020; 94:e202006067.
  • 6. Salathé M, Althaus CL, Neher R, Stringhini S, Hodcroft E, Fellay J, et al. COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland: on the importance of testing, contact tracing and isolation. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020; 150:w20225-. doi: https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2020.20225
  • 7. HSGM. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar İle Mücadele Rehberi.
  • 8. https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/.
  • 9. https://covid19.who.int/.
  • 10. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Frontiers in Psychiatry. Apr 2020;11:306. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306
  • 11. TürkToraksDerneği. Mesleksel Akciğer Hastalıkları Çalışma Grubu Sağlık Çalışanlarında COVID-19 Salgını Sırasında Mesleki Riskler Hakkında Bilgilendirme ve Öneriler.
  • 12. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open. 2020 March; 3:e203976-e. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • 13. Yoon J, Lim J-C. Organizational support in the workplace: The case of Korean hospital employees. Human Relations. 1999; 52:923-945.
  • 14. Norling LR, Chopik WJ. The association between coworker support and work-family interference: A test of work environment and burnout as mediators. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020 May; 11:819.
  • 15. Allen MW, Armstrong DJ, Reid MF, Riemenschneider CK. Factors impacting the perceived organizational support of IT employees. Information & Management. December 2008; 45(8):556-563.
  • 16. Al-Omar HA, Arafah AM, Barakat JM, Almutairi RD, Khurshid F, Alsultan MS. The impact of perceived organizational support and resilience on pharmacists’ engagement in their stressful and competitive workplaces in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2019 November; 27(7):1044-1052.
  • 17. Robaee N, Atashzadeh-Shoorideh F, Ashktorab T, Baghestani A, Barkhordari-Sharifabad M. Perceived organizational support and moral distress among nurses. BMC Nursing. 2018 January; 17(2):1-7.
  • 18. Qiu T, Yang Y, Liu C, Tian F, Gu Z, Yang S, et al. The association between resilience, perceived organizational support and fatigue among Chinese doctors: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020 March; 265:85-90.
  • 19. Rajkumar RP. COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020 August;52:102066.
  • 20. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020 July;87:11-17.
  • 21. Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D. & Wang, J.(2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 April;7(4):e15-e6.
  • 22. Dong L, Bouey J. Early Release-Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 July;26(7): 1616-1618. Doi: 10.3201/eid2607.200407
  • 23. Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 April; 7(4):300-302.
  • 24. Löwe B, Decker O, Müller S, Brähler E, Schellberg D, Herzog W, et al. Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Medical Care. 2008 Mar;46(3):266-274.
  • 25. Konkan R, Şenormanci Ö, Güçlü O, Aydin E, Sungur MZ. Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu-7 (YAB-7) testi türkçe uyarlamasi, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Archives of Neuropsychiatry/Noropsikiatri Arşivi. 2013; 50. doi: 10.4274/npa.y6308
  • 26. Bastien CH, Vallières A, Morin CM. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine. 2001 July;2(4):297-307. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4
  • 27. Boysan M, Güleç M, Beşiroğlu L, Kalafat T. Uykusuzluk Şiddeti Indeksi’nin Türk örneklemindeki psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2010 September;11(3):248-252.
  • 28. Giray MD, Sahin DN. Algilanan Örgütsel, Yönetici ve çalisma arkadaslari destegi ölçekleri: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalismasi. Turk Psikoloji Yazilari. 2012 December;15(30):1-9.
  • 29. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences: 2 Ed. Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum. ; 1988.
  • 30. Büyüköztürk Ş. Veri Analizi El Kitabı: Pegem Akademi; 2015.
  • 31. Zhang SX, Sun S, Jahanshahi AA, Alvarez-Risco A, Ibarra VG, Li J, et al. Developing and testing a measure of COVID-19 organizational support of healthcare workers–results from Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. Psychiatry Research. 2020 September;291:113174. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113174
  • 32. Zhang W-r, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao W-f, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2020 July; 89(4):242-250.
  • 33. Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z, et al. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2009; 54(5):302-311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504
  • 34. Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Peladeau N, Leszcz M, et al. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj. 2003 May;168(10):1245-1251.
  • 35. Sun D, Yang D, Li Y, Zhou J, Wang W, Wang Q, et al. Psychological ımpact of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-NCoV) outbreak on health workers in China. Epidemiology & Infection. 2020;148:e96:1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820001090
  • 36. Saatçi E. COVID-19 pandemisi ve sağlık çalışanları. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi 2020;24(4):172-4.
  • 37. Güre MD, Karataş M, Özdemir HF, Duyan V. Fear of COVID‐19 among healthcare workers in filiation teams: predictive role of sociodemographic, organizational and resilience factors. 2021;46(4):1459-1467. Çukurova Medical Journal. doi: 10.17826/cumj.977584
  • 38. Tamer İ, Bük TB. Algılanan Örgütsel Destek ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerine Kavramsal bir İnceleme. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;7(2):139-147.
  • 39. Li M, Shu Q, Huang H, Bo W, Wang L, Wu H. Associations of occupational stress, workplace violence, and organizational support on chronic fatigue syndrome among nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2020;76(5):1151-1161. doi https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14312:
  • 40. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, et al. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Rivista di Psichiatria. 2020;55(3):137-144. doi: 10.1708/3382.33569

Determination of the Factors Relating to Anxiety Levels of Primary Family Healthcare Center and Contact Tracing Workers for COVID-19

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 330 - 339, 20.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1010324

Öz

Aim: During the epidemic, we aimed to investigate the anxiety levels of the primary level healthcare professionals, especially the contact tracer teams, and to determine the relevant sociopsychological factors (coworker and organizational support perception levels). Methods: The surveys applied to healthcare-professionals were collected online on a voluntary basis via GoogleForms. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used with SPPS20. The effect size was examined with cohen-d. We used linear regression analysis (enter method) to examine the relationships between sociodemographic factors and independent variables. Results: Anxiety was found in 56.1% of 312 participants, insomnia in 44.2%, a low perception of organizational support in 43.6%, and a lack of support from coworkers in 37.5%. Females and those with chronic illnesses had experienced higher levels of anxiety and insomnia, as well as a lower perception of coworker support. Insomnia severity in contact tracers was high, and their support from coworkers was low. There is a positive correlation between anxiety and insomnia; a negative correlation between anxiety with organizational support and coworker support. Conclusion: The lack of perceived organizational and coworker support, presence of chronic illness, being a woman and using medication are the main causes of anxiety and insomnia. Because contact tracing is preformed independent of time, an increase in the frequency of contacts may cause anxiety and insomnia. High anxiety in females may be a result of a perception of low support from coworkers. Training and supports given to healthcare professionals should be planned by considering these risk factors. Plans should be made to increase the effectiveness of training and support given to primary healthcare workers, and to operate speaking and reward mechanisms to increase motivation. To support this planning, the share in the overall budget and the organizational strength of primary health care providers should be increased. The working conditions of contact tracers should be improved.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1199-1207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • 2. HSGM. COVID-19 Rehberi Genel Bilgiler Epidemiyoloji ve Tanı: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü
  • 3. Cheng L, Zheng W, Li M, Huang J, Bao S, Xu Q, et al. Citrus fruits are rich in flavonoids for immunoregulation and potential targeting ACE2. Preprints 2020.
  • 4. WHO. (World Health Organization) Coronavirus disease 2019.
  • 5. García-Iglesias JJ, Martín-Pereira J, Fagundo-Rivera J, Gómez-Salgado J. Digital surveillance tools for contact tracking of infected persons by SARS-CoV-2. Revista espanola de salud publica. 2020; 94:e202006067.
  • 6. Salathé M, Althaus CL, Neher R, Stringhini S, Hodcroft E, Fellay J, et al. COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland: on the importance of testing, contact tracing and isolation. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020; 150:w20225-. doi: https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2020.20225
  • 7. HSGM. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar İle Mücadele Rehberi.
  • 8. https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/.
  • 9. https://covid19.who.int/.
  • 10. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Frontiers in Psychiatry. Apr 2020;11:306. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306
  • 11. TürkToraksDerneği. Mesleksel Akciğer Hastalıkları Çalışma Grubu Sağlık Çalışanlarında COVID-19 Salgını Sırasında Mesleki Riskler Hakkında Bilgilendirme ve Öneriler.
  • 12. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open. 2020 March; 3:e203976-e. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • 13. Yoon J, Lim J-C. Organizational support in the workplace: The case of Korean hospital employees. Human Relations. 1999; 52:923-945.
  • 14. Norling LR, Chopik WJ. The association between coworker support and work-family interference: A test of work environment and burnout as mediators. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020 May; 11:819.
  • 15. Allen MW, Armstrong DJ, Reid MF, Riemenschneider CK. Factors impacting the perceived organizational support of IT employees. Information & Management. December 2008; 45(8):556-563.
  • 16. Al-Omar HA, Arafah AM, Barakat JM, Almutairi RD, Khurshid F, Alsultan MS. The impact of perceived organizational support and resilience on pharmacists’ engagement in their stressful and competitive workplaces in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2019 November; 27(7):1044-1052.
  • 17. Robaee N, Atashzadeh-Shoorideh F, Ashktorab T, Baghestani A, Barkhordari-Sharifabad M. Perceived organizational support and moral distress among nurses. BMC Nursing. 2018 January; 17(2):1-7.
  • 18. Qiu T, Yang Y, Liu C, Tian F, Gu Z, Yang S, et al. The association between resilience, perceived organizational support and fatigue among Chinese doctors: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020 March; 265:85-90.
  • 19. Rajkumar RP. COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020 August;52:102066.
  • 20. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020 July;87:11-17.
  • 21. Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D. & Wang, J.(2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 April;7(4):e15-e6.
  • 22. Dong L, Bouey J. Early Release-Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 July;26(7): 1616-1618. Doi: 10.3201/eid2607.200407
  • 23. Duan L, Zhu G. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 April; 7(4):300-302.
  • 24. Löwe B, Decker O, Müller S, Brähler E, Schellberg D, Herzog W, et al. Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Medical Care. 2008 Mar;46(3):266-274.
  • 25. Konkan R, Şenormanci Ö, Güçlü O, Aydin E, Sungur MZ. Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu-7 (YAB-7) testi türkçe uyarlamasi, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Archives of Neuropsychiatry/Noropsikiatri Arşivi. 2013; 50. doi: 10.4274/npa.y6308
  • 26. Bastien CH, Vallières A, Morin CM. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine. 2001 July;2(4):297-307. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4
  • 27. Boysan M, Güleç M, Beşiroğlu L, Kalafat T. Uykusuzluk Şiddeti Indeksi’nin Türk örneklemindeki psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2010 September;11(3):248-252.
  • 28. Giray MD, Sahin DN. Algilanan Örgütsel, Yönetici ve çalisma arkadaslari destegi ölçekleri: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalismasi. Turk Psikoloji Yazilari. 2012 December;15(30):1-9.
  • 29. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences: 2 Ed. Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum. ; 1988.
  • 30. Büyüköztürk Ş. Veri Analizi El Kitabı: Pegem Akademi; 2015.
  • 31. Zhang SX, Sun S, Jahanshahi AA, Alvarez-Risco A, Ibarra VG, Li J, et al. Developing and testing a measure of COVID-19 organizational support of healthcare workers–results from Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. Psychiatry Research. 2020 September;291:113174. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113174
  • 32. Zhang W-r, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao W-f, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2020 July; 89(4):242-250.
  • 33. Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z, et al. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2009; 54(5):302-311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504
  • 34. Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Peladeau N, Leszcz M, et al. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj. 2003 May;168(10):1245-1251.
  • 35. Sun D, Yang D, Li Y, Zhou J, Wang W, Wang Q, et al. Psychological ımpact of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-NCoV) outbreak on health workers in China. Epidemiology & Infection. 2020;148:e96:1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820001090
  • 36. Saatçi E. COVID-19 pandemisi ve sağlık çalışanları. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi 2020;24(4):172-4.
  • 37. Güre MD, Karataş M, Özdemir HF, Duyan V. Fear of COVID‐19 among healthcare workers in filiation teams: predictive role of sociodemographic, organizational and resilience factors. 2021;46(4):1459-1467. Çukurova Medical Journal. doi: 10.17826/cumj.977584
  • 38. Tamer İ, Bük TB. Algılanan Örgütsel Destek ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerine Kavramsal bir İnceleme. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;7(2):139-147.
  • 39. Li M, Shu Q, Huang H, Bo W, Wang L, Wu H. Associations of occupational stress, workplace violence, and organizational support on chronic fatigue syndrome among nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2020;76(5):1151-1161. doi https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14312:
  • 40. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, et al. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Rivista di Psichiatria. 2020;55(3):137-144. doi: 10.1708/3382.33569
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Orijinal Makaleler
Yazarlar

Süleyman Özsarı 0000-0002-7160-3381

Saadet Can Çiçek 0000-0003-3087-983X

Derya Kocadağ 0000-0002-6144-3433

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Özsarı S, Can Çiçek S, Kocadağ D. COVİD-19 Sürecinde 1.Basamak Aile Sağlığı Merkezi ve Temaslı Ekibi Çalışanlarının Kaygı Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. TJFMPC. 2022;16(2):330-9.

Sağlığın ve birinci basamak bakımın anlaşılmasına ve geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacak yeni bilgilere sahip yazarların İngilizce veya Türkçe makaleleri memnuniyetle karşılanmaktadır.