RELIGION IN ANATOLIA IN TIMES OF A THOUSAND GODS

Öz

The “Thousand Gods” period of Anatolia is the Hittite age, which took its place on the stage of history in the first quarter of the second millennium BC and created a unique religious structure. The political and cultural relations they established with many contemporary civilizations from the Aegean Sea to the Persian Gulf, from the Black Sea to Egypt were decisive in the process of creating the "thousand gods" of this ancient Anatolian civilization, which called itself the inhabitants of a country with a "thousand gods". The archaeological remains, cuneiform and hieroglyphic documents of this civilization, which was born in Anatolia and was one of the power centers of its age with its cosmopolitan structure, military and diplomatic strategies, shed light on the past. For this reason, the study of the Hittite language and culture is of great importance in understanding many aspects of today's Anatolian culture. The aim of this study is to examine the religious structure in Anatolia of the Hittite period, which created a large group of gods, from ancient Anatolian civilizations such as Hatti, Luwi and Pala to the gods of neighboring civilizations such as Sumerian, Hurrian, Assyrian and Babylon, from theology to the history of religions; to contribute to many disciplines that carry out studies on religion and belief, from cultural history to psychology of religion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ancient Anatolia
• Religion
• Hittite
• God
• Ritual

BİN TANRILI ZAMANLARINDA ANADOLU’DA DİN

Öz

Anadolu’nun ‘Bin Tanrılı’ zamanları, MÖ. II. Bin yılın ilk çeyreği itibariyle tarih sahnesinde yerini alarak özgün bir din yaratan Hititlerin zamanıdır. Kendilerini “bin tanrılı” bir ülkenin sakinleri olarak adlandıran bu eski Anadolu uygarlığının, “bin tanrıyı” oluşturma sürecinde belirleyici olan, Ege Denizi'nden Basra Körfezi’ne Karadeniz'den Mısır’a kadar birçok çağdaş uygarlıkla kurmuş oldukları siyasi ve kültürel ilişkilerdir. Kozmopolit yapısı, askeri ve diplomatik stratejileri ile çağının güç merkezlerinden biri olan bu uygarlıktan, günümüze ulaşan arkeolojik kalıntılar, çivi yazılı ve hiyeroglif belgeler Anadolu’nun kültür tarihine ışık tutmaktadır. Bu kadim dilin ve kültürün incelenmesi, günümüz Anadolu kültürünün birçok yönünün anlaşılmasında büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı nüfuz alanlarındaki Hatti, Luvi, Pala gibi eski Anadolu uygarlıklardan Sümer, Hurri, Asur, Babil gibi komşu uygarlıkların tanrılarına, kalabalık bir tanrı topluluğu yaratan Hitit zamanı Anadolu’sundaki dini yapıyı inceleyerek teolojiden, dinler tarihine; kültür tarihinden din psikolojisine “din ve inanç” eksenli çalışmalar yürüten pek çok disipline katkı sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eski Anadolu
• Din
• Hitit
• Tanrı
• Ritüel

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