The Search For Allies in The Khanate of Khiva Before The Russian Invasion: The Diplomatic Mission to Afghanistan and India (1872)
Öz
Etik Beyan
It is declared that scientific and ethical principles were followed during the preparation of this article and all studies utilized were mentioned in the references.
Kaynakça
- 1. Arşiv ve Kaynak Eserler
- BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Reports and Papers From the Foreign Office Confidential Print, Part 1 From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the First World War, Series B the Near and Middle East, 1856-1914, Vol. 11, Britain, Russia and Central Asia, 1865-1878, General Editors: Kenneth Bourne, D. Cameron Watt, Editor: David Gillard, University Publications of America 1985.
- DUKE OF ARGYLL, The Afghan Question from 1841 to 1878, Strahan & Company Limited, London 1879.
- HOBHOUSE, Mary, Letters From India 1872-1877, Printed for Private Circulation, 1906.
- INDIA OFFICE, The India List Civil and Military. January 1888, W. H. Allen & Co., London 1888.
- IOR/L/PS/5/271, “Letters from India (Secret Dept)”, Vol. 13.
- IOR/L/PS/20/CA12, “Abstracts of Letters from India 1872”.
- IOR/L/PS/20/G3/14, ‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’.
- JAMES, Hugh R., Report on the Settlement of the Peshawur District, Re-printed at the Dependent Press, Lahore 1865.
- TNA, Kew., Asia: Various Papers, 1871-1901. 1871-1901. (Government Papers), FO 539/106.
- TNA, Kew., Correspondence Respecting Central Asia 1869-1873. 1869-1873. (Government Papers), FO 539/9.
- 2. Kitaplar ve Makaleler
- ABERIGH-MACKAY, G. R., Notes on Western Turkistan, Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta 1875.
- BECKER, Seymour, Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva 1865-1924, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1968.
- BURNABY, Fred, A Ride to Khiva Travels and Adventures in Central Asia, Cassel and Company Limited, London 1900.
- CHESHIRE, Harold T., “The Expansion of Imperial Russia to the Indian Border”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 13, No. 37, Jul., 1934, ss. 85-97.
- ÇAPRAZ, Hayri, “Çarlık Rusyası’nın Türkistan’da Hâkimiyet Kurması”, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S. 24, Aralık 2011, ss. 51-78.
- EDWARDS, H. Sutherland, Russian Projects Against India from the Czar Peter to General Skobeleff, Remington & Co. Publishers, London 1885.
- GAHAN, J. A. Mac, Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva, Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle, London 1874.
- HAYİT, Baymirza, Türkistan Rusya ile Çin Arasında, Almancadan Çeviren: Abdülkadir Sadak, Otağ Yayınları, Ankara 1975.
- IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA, Vol. 20, New Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908.
- KHAN, Hina, “Russian Expansionism in Central Asia and the Region's Response”, Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 49, No. 2, April 1996, ss. 33-57.
- KURAT, Akdes Nimet, Rusya Tarihi Başlangıçtan 1917’ye Kadar, 2. Baskı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara 1987.
- MOULTON, Edward C., Lord Northbrook’s Indian Administration 1872-1876, Asia Publishing House, India 1968.
- RAO, C. Hayavadana, (Ed.), The Indian Biographical Dictionary 1915, Pillar & Co. Madras 1915.
- ÖZKAN, Murat, Hive Hanlığı (1511-1920), Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2022.
- SARAY, Mehmet, “Hîve Hanlığı”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 18, İstanbul 1998, ss. 167-170.
- SARAY, Mehmet, The Russian, British, Chinese and Ottoman Rivalry in Turkestan, Turkish Historical Society Printing House, Ankara 2003.
- SCHMIDT, Emil, The Russian Expedition to Khiva in 1873, Tr. from the German by P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- STUMM, Hugo, The Russian Campaign Against Khiva in 1873, Part I, Tr. F. Henvey and P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- TROTTER, J. M., Western Turkistan: An Account of the Statistics, Topography, and Tribes of the Russian Territory and Independent Native States in Western Turkestan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta 1882.
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Arşiv ve Kaynak Eserler
- BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Reports and Papers From the Foreign Office Confidential Print, Part 1 From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the First World War, Series B the Near and Middle East, 1856-1914, Vol. 11, Britain, Russia and Central Asia, 1865-1878, General Editors: Kenneth Bourne, D. Cameron Watt, Editor: David Gillard, University Publications of America 1985.
- DUKE OF ARGYLL, The Afghan Question from 1841 to 1878, Strahan & Company Limited, London 1879.
- HOBHOUSE, Mary, Letters From India 1872-1877, Printed for Private Circulation, 1906.
- INDIA OFFICE, The India List Civil and Military. January 1888, W. H. Allen & Co., London 1888.
- IOR/L/PS/5/271, “Letters from India (Secret Dept)”, Vol. 13.
- IOR/L/PS/20/CA12, “Abstracts of Letters from India 1872”.
- IOR/L/PS/20/G3/14, ‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’.
- JAMES, Hugh R., Report on the Settlement of the Peshawur District, Re-printed at the Dependent Press, Lahore 1865.
- TNA, Kew., Asia: Various Papers, 1871-1901. 1871-1901. (Government Papers), FO 539/106.
- TNA, Kew., Correspondence Respecting Central Asia 1869-1873. 1869-1873. (Government Papers), FO 539/9.
- 2. Kitaplar ve Makaleler
- ABERIGH-MACKAY, G. R., Notes on Western Turkistan, Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta 1875.
- BECKER, Seymour, Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva 1865-1924, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1968.
- BURNABY, Fred, A Ride to Khiva Travels and Adventures in Central Asia, Cassel and Company Limited, London 1900.
- CHESHIRE, Harold T., “The Expansion of Imperial Russia to the Indian Border”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 13, No. 37, Jul., 1934, ss. 85-97.
- ÇAPRAZ, Hayri, “Çarlık Rusyası’nın Türkistan’da Hâkimiyet Kurması”, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S. 24, Aralık 2011, ss. 51-78.
- EDWARDS, H. Sutherland, Russian Projects Against India from the Czar Peter to General Skobeleff, Remington & Co. Publishers, London 1885.
- GAHAN, J. A. Mac, Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva, Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle, London 1874.
- HAYİT, Baymirza, Türkistan Rusya ile Çin Arasında, Almancadan Çeviren: Abdülkadir Sadak, Otağ Yayınları, Ankara 1975.
- IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA, Vol. 20, New Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908.
- KHAN, Hina, “Russian Expansionism in Central Asia and the Region's Response”, Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 49, No. 2, April 1996, ss. 33-57.
- KURAT, Akdes Nimet, Rusya Tarihi Başlangıçtan 1917’ye Kadar, 2. Baskı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara 1987.
- MOULTON, Edward C., Lord Northbrook’s Indian Administration 1872-1876, Asia Publishing House, India 1968.
- RAO, C. Hayavadana, (Ed.), The Indian Biographical Dictionary 1915, Pillar & Co. Madras 1915.
- ÖZKAN, Murat, Hive Hanlığı (1511-1920), Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2022.
- SARAY, Mehmet, “Hîve Hanlığı”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 18, İstanbul 1998, ss. 167-170.
- SARAY, Mehmet, The Russian, British, Chinese and Ottoman Rivalry in Turkestan, Turkish Historical Society Printing House, Ankara 2003.
- SCHMIDT, Emil, The Russian Expedition to Khiva in 1873, Tr. from the German by P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- STUMM, Hugo, The Russian Campaign Against Khiva in 1873, Part I, Tr. F. Henvey and P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- TROTTER, J. M., Western Turkistan: An Account of the Statistics, Topography, and Tribes of the Russian Territory and Independent Native States in Western Turkestan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta 1882.
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Arşiv ve Kaynak Eserler
- BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Reports and Papers From the Foreign Office Confidential Print, Part 1 From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the First World War, Series B the Near and Middle East, 1856-1914, Vol. 11, Britain, Russia and Central Asia, 1865-1878, General Editors: Kenneth Bourne, D. Cameron Watt, Editor: David Gillard, University Publications of America 1985.
- DUKE OF ARGYLL, The Afghan Question from 1841 to 1878, Strahan & Company Limited, London 1879.
- HOBHOUSE, Mary, Letters From India 1872-1877, Printed for Private Circulation, 1906.
- INDIA OFFICE, The India List Civil and Military. January 1888, W. H. Allen & Co., London 1888.
- IOR/L/PS/5/271, “Letters from India (Secret Dept)”, Vol. 13.
- IOR/L/PS/20/CA12, “Abstracts of Letters from India 1872”.
- IOR/L/PS/20/G3/14, ‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’.
- JAMES, Hugh R., Report on the Settlement of the Peshawur District, Re-printed at the Dependent Press, Lahore 1865.
- TNA, Kew., Asia: Various Papers, 1871-1901. 1871-1901. (Government Papers), FO 539/106.
- TNA, Kew., Correspondence Respecting Central Asia 1869-1873. 1869-1873. (Government Papers), FO 539/9.
- 2. Kitaplar ve Makaleler
- ABERIGH-MACKAY, G. R., Notes on Western Turkistan, Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta 1875.
- BECKER, Seymour, Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva 1865-1924, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1968.
- BURNABY, Fred, A Ride to Khiva Travels and Adventures in Central Asia, Cassel and Company Limited, London 1900.
- CHESHIRE, Harold T., “The Expansion of Imperial Russia to the Indian Border”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 13, No. 37, Jul., 1934, ss. 85-97.
- ÇAPRAZ, Hayri, “Çarlık Rusyası’nın Türkistan’da Hâkimiyet Kurması”, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S. 24, Aralık 2011, ss. 51-78.
- EDWARDS, H. Sutherland, Russian Projects Against India from the Czar Peter to General Skobeleff, Remington & Co. Publishers, London 1885.
- GAHAN, J. A. Mac, Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva, Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle, London 1874.
- HAYİT, Baymirza, Türkistan Rusya ile Çin Arasında, Almancadan Çeviren: Abdülkadir Sadak, Otağ Yayınları, Ankara 1975.
- IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA, Vol. 20, New Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908.
- KHAN, Hina, “Russian Expansionism in Central Asia and the Region's Response”, Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 49, No. 2, April 1996, ss. 33-57.
- KURAT, Akdes Nimet, Rusya Tarihi Başlangıçtan 1917’ye Kadar, 2. Baskı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara 1987.
- MOULTON, Edward C., Lord Northbrook’s Indian Administration 1872-1876, Asia Publishing House, India 1968.
- RAO, C. Hayavadana, (Ed.), The Indian Biographical Dictionary 1915, Pillar & Co. Madras 1915.
- ÖZKAN, Murat, Hive Hanlığı (1511-1920), Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2022.
- SARAY, Mehmet, “Hîve Hanlığı”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 18, İstanbul 1998, ss. 167-170.
- SARAY, Mehmet, The Russian, British, Chinese and Ottoman Rivalry in Turkestan, Turkish Historical Society Printing House, Ankara 2003.
- SCHMIDT, Emil, The Russian Expedition to Khiva in 1873, Tr. from the German by P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- STUMM, Hugo, The Russian Campaign Against Khiva in 1873, Part I, Tr. F. Henvey and P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- TROTTER, J. M., Western Turkistan: An Account of the Statistics, Topography, and Tribes of the Russian Territory and Independent Native States in Western Turkestan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta 1882.
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Arşiv ve Kaynak Eserler
- BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Reports and Papers From the Foreign Office Confidential Print, Part 1 From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the First World War, Series B the Near and Middle East, 1856-1914, Vol. 11, Britain, Russia and Central Asia, 1865-1878, General Editors: Kenneth Bourne, D. Cameron Watt, Editor: David Gillard, University Publications of America 1985.
- DUKE OF ARGYLL, The Afghan Question from 1841 to 1878, Strahan & Company Limited, London 1879.
- HOBHOUSE, Mary, Letters From India 1872-1877, Printed for Private Circulation, 1906.
- INDIA OFFICE, The India List Civil and Military. January 1888, W. H. Allen & Co., London 1888.
- IOR/L/PS/5/271, “Letters from India (Secret Dept)”, Vol. 13.
- IOR/L/PS/20/CA12, “Abstracts of Letters from India 1872”.
- IOR/L/PS/20/G3/14, ‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’.
- JAMES, Hugh R., Report on the Settlement of the Peshawur District, Re-printed at the Dependent Press, Lahore 1865.
- TNA, Kew., Asia: Various Papers, 1871-1901. 1871-1901. (Government Papers), FO 539/106.
- TNA, Kew., Correspondence Respecting Central Asia 1869-1873. 1869-1873. (Government Papers), FO 539/9.
- 2. Kitaplar ve Makaleler
- ABERIGH-MACKAY, G. R., Notes on Western Turkistan, Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta 1875.
- BECKER, Seymour, Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva 1865-1924, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1968.
- BURNABY, Fred, A Ride to Khiva Travels and Adventures in Central Asia, Cassel and Company Limited, London 1900.
- CHESHIRE, Harold T., “The Expansion of Imperial Russia to the Indian Border”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 13, No. 37, Jul., 1934, ss. 85-97.
- ÇAPRAZ, Hayri, “Çarlık Rusyası’nın Türkistan’da Hâkimiyet Kurması”, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S. 24, Aralık 2011, ss. 51-78.
- EDWARDS, H. Sutherland, Russian Projects Against India from the Czar Peter to General Skobeleff, Remington & Co. Publishers, London 1885.
- GAHAN, J. A. Mac, Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva, Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle, London 1874.
- HAYİT, Baymirza, Türkistan Rusya ile Çin Arasında, Almancadan Çeviren: Abdülkadir Sadak, Otağ Yayınları, Ankara 1975.
- IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA, Vol. 20, New Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908.
- KHAN, Hina, “Russian Expansionism in Central Asia and the Region's Response”, Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 49, No. 2, April 1996, ss. 33-57.
- KURAT, Akdes Nimet, Rusya Tarihi Başlangıçtan 1917’ye Kadar, 2. Baskı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara 1987.
- MOULTON, Edward C., Lord Northbrook’s Indian Administration 1872-1876, Asia Publishing House, India 1968.
- RAO, C. Hayavadana, (Ed.), The Indian Biographical Dictionary 1915, Pillar & Co. Madras 1915.
- ÖZKAN, Murat, Hive Hanlığı (1511-1920), Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2022.
- SARAY, Mehmet, “Hîve Hanlığı”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 18, İstanbul 1998, ss. 167-170.
- SARAY, Mehmet, The Russian, British, Chinese and Ottoman Rivalry in Turkestan, Turkish Historical Society Printing House, Ankara 2003.
- SCHMIDT, Emil, The Russian Expedition to Khiva in 1873, Tr. from the German by P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- STUMM, Hugo, The Russian Campaign Against Khiva in 1873, Part I, Tr. F. Henvey and P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- TROTTER, J. M., Western Turkistan: An Account of the Statistics, Topography, and Tribes of the Russian Territory and Independent Native States in Western Turkestan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta 1882.
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Arşiv ve Kaynak Eserler
- BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Reports and Papers From the Foreign Office Confidential Print, Part 1 From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the First World War, Series B the Near and Middle East, 1856-1914, Vol. 11, Britain, Russia and Central Asia, 1865-1878, General Editors: Kenneth Bourne, D. Cameron Watt, Editor: David Gillard, University Publications of America 1985.
- DUKE OF ARGYLL, The Afghan Question from 1841 to 1878, Strahan & Company Limited, London 1879.
- HOBHOUSE, Mary, Letters From India 1872-1877, Printed for Private Circulation, 1906.
- INDIA OFFICE, The India List Civil and Military. January 1888, W. H. Allen & Co., London 1888.
- IOR/L/PS/5/271, “Letters from India (Secret Dept)”, Vol. 13.
- IOR/L/PS/20/CA12, “Abstracts of Letters from India 1872”.
- IOR/L/PS/20/G3/14, ‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’.
- JAMES, Hugh R., Report on the Settlement of the Peshawur District, Re-printed at the Dependent Press, Lahore 1865.
- TNA, Kew., Asia: Various Papers, 1871-1901. 1871-1901. (Government Papers), FO 539/106.
- TNA, Kew., Correspondence Respecting Central Asia 1869-1873. 1869-1873. (Government Papers), FO 539/9.
- 2. Kitaplar ve Makaleler
- ABERIGH-MACKAY, G. R., Notes on Western Turkistan, Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta 1875.
- BECKER, Seymour, Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva 1865-1924, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1968.
- BURNABY, Fred, A Ride to Khiva Travels and Adventures in Central Asia, Cassel and Company Limited, London 1900.
- CHESHIRE, Harold T., “The Expansion of Imperial Russia to the Indian Border”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 13, No. 37, Jul., 1934, ss. 85-97.
- ÇAPRAZ, Hayri, “Çarlık Rusyası’nın Türkistan’da Hâkimiyet Kurması”, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S. 24, Aralık 2011, ss. 51-78.
- EDWARDS, H. Sutherland, Russian Projects Against India from the Czar Peter to General Skobeleff, Remington & Co. Publishers, London 1885.
- GAHAN, J. A. Mac, Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva, Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle, London 1874.
- HAYİT, Baymirza, Türkistan Rusya ile Çin Arasında, Almancadan Çeviren: Abdülkadir Sadak, Otağ Yayınları, Ankara 1975.
- IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA, Vol. 20, New Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908.
- KHAN, Hina, “Russian Expansionism in Central Asia and the Region's Response”, Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 49, No. 2, April 1996, ss. 33-57.
- KURAT, Akdes Nimet, Rusya Tarihi Başlangıçtan 1917’ye Kadar, 2. Baskı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara 1987.
- MOULTON, Edward C., Lord Northbrook’s Indian Administration 1872-1876, Asia Publishing House, India 1968.
- RAO, C. Hayavadana, (Ed.), The Indian Biographical Dictionary 1915, Pillar & Co. Madras 1915.
- ÖZKAN, Murat, Hive Hanlığı (1511-1920), Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2022.
- SARAY, Mehmet, “Hîve Hanlığı”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 18, İstanbul 1998, ss. 167-170.
- SARAY, Mehmet, The Russian, British, Chinese and Ottoman Rivalry in Turkestan, Turkish Historical Society Printing House, Ankara 2003.
- SCHMIDT, Emil, The Russian Expedition to Khiva in 1873, Tr. from the German by P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- STUMM, Hugo, The Russian Campaign Against Khiva in 1873, Part I, Tr. F. Henvey and P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- TROTTER, J. M., Western Turkistan: An Account of the Statistics, Topography, and Tribes of the Russian Territory and Independent Native States in Western Turkestan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta 1882.
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Arşiv ve Kaynak Eserler
- BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Reports and Papers From the Foreign Office Confidential Print, Part 1 From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the First World War, Series B the Near and Middle East, 1856-1914, Vol. 11, Britain, Russia and Central Asia, 1865-1878, General Editors: Kenneth Bourne, D. Cameron Watt, Editor: David Gillard, University Publications of America 1985.
- DUKE OF ARGYLL, The Afghan Question from 1841 to 1878, Strahan & Company Limited, London 1879.
- HOBHOUSE, Mary, Letters From India 1872-1877, Printed for Private Circulation, 1906.
- INDIA OFFICE, The India List Civil and Military. January 1888, W. H. Allen & Co., London 1888.
- IOR/L/PS/5/271, “Letters from India (Secret Dept)”, Vol. 13.
- IOR/L/PS/20/CA12, “Abstracts of Letters from India 1872”.
- IOR/L/PS/20/G3/14, ‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’.
- JAMES, Hugh R., Report on the Settlement of the Peshawur District, Re-printed at the Dependent Press, Lahore 1865.
- TNA, Kew., Asia: Various Papers, 1871-1901. 1871-1901. (Government Papers), FO 539/106.
- TNA, Kew., Correspondence Respecting Central Asia 1869-1873. 1869-1873. (Government Papers), FO 539/9.
- 2. Kitaplar ve Makaleler
- ABERIGH-MACKAY, G. R., Notes on Western Turkistan, Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta 1875.
- BECKER, Seymour, Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva 1865-1924, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1968.
- BURNABY, Fred, A Ride to Khiva Travels and Adventures in Central Asia, Cassel and Company Limited, London 1900.
- CHESHIRE, Harold T., “The Expansion of Imperial Russia to the Indian Border”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 13, No. 37, Jul., 1934, ss. 85-97.
- ÇAPRAZ, Hayri, “Çarlık Rusyası’nın Türkistan’da Hâkimiyet Kurması”, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S. 24, Aralık 2011, ss. 51-78.
- EDWARDS, H. Sutherland, Russian Projects Against India from the Czar Peter to General Skobeleff, Remington & Co. Publishers, London 1885.
- GAHAN, J. A. Mac, Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva, Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle, London 1874.
- HAYİT, Baymirza, Türkistan Rusya ile Çin Arasında, Almancadan Çeviren: Abdülkadir Sadak, Otağ Yayınları, Ankara 1975.
- IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA, Vol. 20, New Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908.
- KHAN, Hina, “Russian Expansionism in Central Asia and the Region's Response”, Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 49, No. 2, April 1996, ss. 33-57.
- KURAT, Akdes Nimet, Rusya Tarihi Başlangıçtan 1917’ye Kadar, 2. Baskı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara 1987.
- MOULTON, Edward C., Lord Northbrook’s Indian Administration 1872-1876, Asia Publishing House, India 1968.
- RAO, C. Hayavadana, (Ed.), The Indian Biographical Dictionary 1915, Pillar & Co. Madras 1915.
- ÖZKAN, Murat, Hive Hanlığı (1511-1920), Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2022.
- SARAY, Mehmet, “Hîve Hanlığı”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 18, İstanbul 1998, ss. 167-170.
- SARAY, Mehmet, The Russian, British, Chinese and Ottoman Rivalry in Turkestan, Turkish Historical Society Printing House, Ankara 2003.
- SCHMIDT, Emil, The Russian Expedition to Khiva in 1873, Tr. from the German by P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- STUMM, Hugo, The Russian Campaign Against Khiva in 1873, Part I, Tr. F. Henvey and P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- TROTTER, J. M., Western Turkistan: An Account of the Statistics, Topography, and Tribes of the Russian Territory and Independent Native States in Western Turkestan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta 1882.
Rus İşgali Öncesinde Hive Hanlığı’nda Müttefik Arayışları: Afganistan ve Hindistan’a Gönderilen Elçilik Heyeti (1872)
Öz
19. yüzyılda Çarlık Rusya’nın Türkistan’daki yayılmacı politikasında Hive Hanlığı önemli bir yer teşkil ediyordu. Hanlık toprakları, batı Türkistan’da Hazar Denizi’nin doğusunda stratejik bir konumdaydı. Rusların Türkistan’da hakimiyet kurma sürecinde önemli bir dönüm noktası olan 1868’deki işgaller neticesinde Buhara ve Hokand hanlıklarının Rus himayesi altına girmeleri sonrasında Hive Hanlığı batı Türkistan’da tek bağımsız devlet olarak kaldı. Doğuda Türkistan’a, güneyde Afganistan’a ve dolayısıyla Hindistan’a uzanan en kısa rota olan Hive sahası üzerindeki Rus baskısı giderek arttı. 1869’da Hazar Denizi’nin doğu kıyısında Krasnovodsk limanının inşası sonrasında Rusların Hive topraklarında sıklaşan keşif seferleri ve askeri faaliyetleri karşısında Hive Hanı Muhammed Rahim Bahadır Han müttefik arayışlarına yöneldi. Bu nedenle 1872 yılında Afgan Emirliği ve İngiliz Hindistan’ı Genel Valiliği’ne elçi sıfatıyla Tuğrul Etvar Emînuddin Bey gönderildi. Rusların Türkistan’daki askeri operasyonlarının İngiliz çıkarlarıyla çatışmasından faydalanmak isteyen Hive Hanı, dış politikada İngilizlerle müttefik konumda bulunan Afgan Emirliği aracılığıyla İngiliz hükümetiyle ittifak kurmayı amaçlıyordu. Ancak 1872’de Afgan Emirliği’nin kuzey sınır hattı noktasında uzlaşmaya varan Rus ve İngiliz taraflarının barış süreci içerisinde olması İngilizlerin, Hive Hanı’nın ittifak talebini geri çevirmesine zemin hazırladı. Bu çalışmada, Muhammed Rahim Bahadır Han’ın elçisi Emînuddin Bey’in Afgan Emiri Şîr Ali Han ve İngiliz Hindistan Genel Valisi Lord Northbrook’la yaptığı görüşmeler ve bu görüşmelerin neticesinin Hive’nin Rusya tarafından 1873 yılında işgal edilmesi üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hive Hanlığı Çarlık Rusya Afgan Emirliği Hindistan Genel Valiliği Diplomasi
Etik Beyan
Bu makalenin hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.
Kaynakça
- 1. Arşiv ve Kaynak Eserler
- BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Reports and Papers From the Foreign Office Confidential Print, Part 1 From the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the First World War, Series B the Near and Middle East, 1856-1914, Vol. 11, Britain, Russia and Central Asia, 1865-1878, General Editors: Kenneth Bourne, D. Cameron Watt, Editor: David Gillard, University Publications of America 1985.
- DUKE OF ARGYLL, The Afghan Question from 1841 to 1878, Strahan & Company Limited, London 1879.
- HOBHOUSE, Mary, Letters From India 1872-1877, Printed for Private Circulation, 1906.
- INDIA OFFICE, The India List Civil and Military. January 1888, W. H. Allen & Co., London 1888.
- IOR/L/PS/5/271, “Letters from India (Secret Dept)”, Vol. 13.
- IOR/L/PS/20/CA12, “Abstracts of Letters from India 1872”.
- IOR/L/PS/20/G3/14, ‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries’.
- JAMES, Hugh R., Report on the Settlement of the Peshawur District, Re-printed at the Dependent Press, Lahore 1865.
- TNA, Kew., Asia: Various Papers, 1871-1901. 1871-1901. (Government Papers), FO 539/106.
- TNA, Kew., Correspondence Respecting Central Asia 1869-1873. 1869-1873. (Government Papers), FO 539/9.
- 2. Kitaplar ve Makaleler
- ABERIGH-MACKAY, G. R., Notes on Western Turkistan, Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta 1875.
- BECKER, Seymour, Russia's Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva 1865-1924, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1968.
- BURNABY, Fred, A Ride to Khiva Travels and Adventures in Central Asia, Cassel and Company Limited, London 1900.
- CHESHIRE, Harold T., “The Expansion of Imperial Russia to the Indian Border”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 13, No. 37, Jul., 1934, ss. 85-97.
- ÇAPRAZ, Hayri, “Çarlık Rusyası’nın Türkistan’da Hâkimiyet Kurması”, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S. 24, Aralık 2011, ss. 51-78.
- EDWARDS, H. Sutherland, Russian Projects Against India from the Czar Peter to General Skobeleff, Remington & Co. Publishers, London 1885.
- GAHAN, J. A. Mac, Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva, Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle, London 1874.
- HAYİT, Baymirza, Türkistan Rusya ile Çin Arasında, Almancadan Çeviren: Abdülkadir Sadak, Otağ Yayınları, Ankara 1975.
- IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA, Vol. 20, New Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908.
- KHAN, Hina, “Russian Expansionism in Central Asia and the Region's Response”, Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 49, No. 2, April 1996, ss. 33-57.
- KURAT, Akdes Nimet, Rusya Tarihi Başlangıçtan 1917’ye Kadar, 2. Baskı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara 1987.
- MOULTON, Edward C., Lord Northbrook’s Indian Administration 1872-1876, Asia Publishing House, India 1968.
- RAO, C. Hayavadana, (Ed.), The Indian Biographical Dictionary 1915, Pillar & Co. Madras 1915.
- ÖZKAN, Murat, Hive Hanlığı (1511-1920), Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2022.
- SARAY, Mehmet, “Hîve Hanlığı”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, C. 18, İstanbul 1998, ss. 167-170.
- SARAY, Mehmet, The Russian, British, Chinese and Ottoman Rivalry in Turkestan, Turkish Historical Society Printing House, Ankara 2003.
- SCHMIDT, Emil, The Russian Expedition to Khiva in 1873, Tr. from the German by P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- STUMM, Hugo, The Russian Campaign Against Khiva in 1873, Part I, Tr. F. Henvey and P. Mosa, Foreign Department Press, Calcutta 1876.
- TROTTER, J. M., Western Turkistan: An Account of the Statistics, Topography, and Tribes of the Russian Territory and Independent Native States in Western Turkestan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta 1882.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Orta Asya Tarihi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Kasım 2025 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 16 Nisan 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 22 Ağustos 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Sayı: 54 |
Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri – Haziran 2026 Sözlü Çeviri Özel Sayısı
Çağrı Metni
Sözlü çeviri, gündelik karşılaşmalardan kurumsal etkileşimlere kadar uzanan çeşitli bağlamlarda, iki dilli ve kültürlerarası iletişimin merkezinde yer alır. Türkiye’deki sözlü çeviri ortamlarında, dillerden biri büyük ölçüde Türkçedir ve bu uygulamalar, Türkçenin diğer dillerle etkileşiminde ortaya çıkan iletişimsel, kültürel ve toplumsal dinamikleri yansıtır.
Haziran 2026 sayımız için hazırlamakta olduğumuz bu özel sayıyla, Türkiye’deki sözlü çeviri uygulamalarını farklı tür ve bağlamlarda inceleyen özgün araştırmaları bir araya getirmeyi amaçlıyoruz. Bu çalışmalar, sözlü çevirinin dilsel, kültürel, toplumsal ve göstergebilimsel boyutlarına disiplinlerarası bir bakış sunarak, yalnızca çeviribilim alanına değil; Türk dili, kültürü ve toplumu üzerine yapılan araştırmalara da değerli katkılar sağlayacaktır.
Bu doğrultuda, sözlü çeviri üzerine çalışan ulusal ve uluslararası akademisyenleri, araştırmacıları ve alanda aktif profesyonelleri, Haziran 2026 sayımıza katkıda bulunmaya davet ediyoruz. Özel sayıya, Türkiye’deki sözlü çeviri ortamlarında iletişim süreçlerinin, rollerin ve çeviri uygulamalarının nasıl şekillendiğini tartışan kuramsal veya uygulamalı çalışmalarla katkı sunabilirsiniz.
Araştırma konularının, aşağıdaki temalar çerçevesinde tasarlanması önerilmektedir; ancak farklı yaklaşımlar ve konular da değerlendirmeye alınacaktır.
-Sözlü çeviri ortamlarında Türkçenin söylem yapıları ve etkileşimsel stratejileri,
-Mahkeme, hastane, okul gibi kamusal hizmet alanlarında yürütülen sözlü çeviri pratikleri,
-Andaş ve ardıl çeviride, Türkçeye özgü zorluklar ve stratejiler,
-Göç, azınlıklar ve çokdillilik bağlamında sözlü çeviri uygulamaları,
-Sözlü çeviri eğitimi ve öğretiminde dilsel ve kültürel boyutlar,
- Çeviri etiği ve profesyonel normların Türkiye’deki sözlü çeviri uygulamalarına etkisi,
-Teknoloji destekli sözlü çeviri araçlarının kullanımı,
-Toplumsal kriz, afet ve acil durumlarda sözlü çevirmenin rolü.
Önemli Notlar:
Özel sayıya gönderilecek makaleler için son teslim tarihi 15 Mart 2026 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Yazıların künye bilgileri, dipnot sistemi ve kaynakça gösterim şekli internet sayfamızda bulunan makale yazım şablonuna göre hazırlanacaktır.
Call for Papers
Turkish Cultural Studies – June 2026 Special Issue on Interpreting Studies
Interpreting occupies a central position in bilingual and intercultural communication across a wide range of contexts, from everyday encounters to institutional interactions. In interpreting settings in Turkey, one of the working languages is predominantly Turkish, and these practices reflect the communicative, cultural, and social dynamics that emerge through the interaction of Turkish with other languages.
With this special issue, scheduled for publication in June 2026, we aim to bring together original studies that explore interpreting practices in Turkey across diverse genres and contexts. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective on the linguistic, cultural, social, and semiotic dimensions of interpreting, these contributions will provide valuable insights not only for the field of Translation and Interpreting Studies but also for research on Turkish language, culture, and society.
In this regard, we invite national and international scholars, researchers, and professionals working in the field of interpreting to contribute to our June 2026 issue. Submissions may include theoretical or applied studies that examine how communicative processes, roles, and interpreting practices are shaped within interpreting settings in Turkey.
Suggested, though not exclusive, areas of research include the following themes; alternative approaches and topics will also be considered.
-Discourse structures and interactional strategies of Turkish in interpreting settings,
-Interpreting practices in public service domains such as courts, hospitals, and schools,
-Turkish-specific challenges and strategies in simultaneous and consecutive interpreting,
-Interpreting practices in the context of migration, minority communities, and multilingualism,
-Linguistic and cultural dimensions in interpreter training and education,
-Translation ethics and the impact of professional norms on interpreting practices in Turkey,
-Use of technology-assisted interpreting tools,
-The role of interpreters in social crises, disasters, and emergency situations.
Important Notes:
The deadline for submitting articles to the special issue is March 15, 2026.
The article's citation information, footnote system, and bibliography format will be prepared according to the article writing template available on our website.