Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria

Metin Özkan; Ettah M. Horma

doi:10.26513/tocd.1763136

TR EN

Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria

Öz

This article examines the enduring impact of the Arab Spring on Sudan and Algeria, focusing on the dynamics that have rendered their revolutionary trajectories “unfinished.” Building on the theoretical frameworks of civil-military relations, authoritarian resilience, and counterrevolution, the study situates both cases within the broader post-2011 political landscape of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The analysis highlights how structural legacies of post-colonial state formation, entrenched military influence, and regional geopolitical rivalries shaped the course of these uprisings. In Sudan, the fall of Omar al-Bashir in 2019 initiated a fragile civilian–military partnership, ultimately derailed by the 2021 coup, which reignited authoritarian consolidation. In Algeria, the Hirak movement forced the resignation of Abdelaziz Bouteflika but confronted a military establishment determined to preserve its dominance. Comparative insights reveal that in both contexts, militaries acted as decisive arbiters, constraining democratic transitions through tutelary roles and institutional autonomy. External actors also reinforced authoritarian resilience by supporting counterrevolutionary forces. The article concludes that the Sudanese and Algerian cases illustrate the limits of popular mobilization in dismantling entrenched praetorian systems, underscoring the need to reassess democratization theories in light of persistent authoritarian structures in the MENA region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arab Spring, Counterrevolution, Middle East, Democratization, Authoritarian Resilience

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Bölgesel Çalışmalar

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Metin Özkan ^*
0000-0001-6562-1981
Türkiye

Ettah M. Horma
0009-0001-4514-8119
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

25 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

12 Ağustos 2025

Kabul Tarihi

11 Aralık 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1763136

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA48JE95FM

APA

Özkan, M., & Horma, E. M. (2025). Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 12(2), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1763136

AMA

1.Özkan M, Horma EM. Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2025;12(2):1-26. doi:10.26513/tocd.1763136

Chicago

Özkan, Metin, ve Ettah M. Horma. 2025. “Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 12 (2): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1763136.

EndNote

Özkan M, Horma EM (01 Aralık 2025) Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 12 2 1–26.

IEEE

[1]M. Özkan ve E. M. Horma, “Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria”, Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 12, sy 2, ss. 1–26, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.26513/tocd.1763136.

ISNAD

Özkan, Metin - Horma, Ettah M. “Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 12/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1763136.

JAMA

1.Özkan M, Horma EM. Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2025;12:1–26.

MLA

Özkan, Metin, ve Ettah M. Horma. “Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 12, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 1-26, doi:10.26513/tocd.1763136.

Vancouver

1.Metin Özkan, Ettah M. Horma. Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. 01 Aralık 2025;12(2):1-26. doi:10.26513/tocd.1763136

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Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria

Tamamlanmamış Devrimler: Arap Baharı'nın Sudan ve Cezayir'deki Uzun Gölgesi

Öz

Unfinished Revolutions: The Long Shadow of the Arab Spring in Sudan and Algeria

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

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