A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy

Ali Bilgenoğlu; Hikmet Mengüaslan

doi:10.26513/tocd.654039

EN TR

A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy

Öz

This study aims to question the appropriateness of the “transition to democracy” paradigm in the Arab Revolts context with a specific focus on Libya. Arguing that the real problem lies at the meta-theoretical level, the assumptions and the empirical incongruities of democratization and post-democratization perspectives will be elaborated. With historical and social-minded analysis, the political developments in Libya will be approached with a historical sociology perspective complemented by the political economy of regime security. The interaction within the state-society complex in the framework of a complex relationship with regional/international level dynamics will be given a specific focus and unlike deterministic-teleological and reductionist democratization/post-democratization perspectives, the following question will be tackled: What happened politically in Libya in the course of the Arab Revolts?

Anahtar Kelimeler

Historical Sociology, Democratization/post-democratization, Authoritarianism, Arab Revolts, Libya

Kaynakça

Altunışık, Meliha B. “A Rentier State’s Response to Oil Crisis: Economic Reform Policies in Libya.” Arab Studies Quarterly 18, no. 4 (1996): 49-63.
Altunışık, Meliha B. “Rentier State Theory and the Arab Uprisings: An Appraisal.” Uluslararası İlişkiler 11, no. 42 (2014): 75-91.
Anderson, Lisa. “The State in the Middle East and North Africa.” Comparative Politics 20, no. 1 (1987): 1-18.
Anderson, Lisa. “Absolutism and the Resilience of Monarchy in the Middle East.” Political Science Quarterly 106, no. 1 (1991): 1-15.
Anderson, Lisa. “Searching Where the Light Shines: Studying Democratization in the Middle East.” Annual Review of Political Science 9, (2006): 189-214.
Ataöv, Türkkaya. Afrika Ulusal Kurtuluş Mücadeleleri. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları, 1975.
Bellin, Eva. “Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring.” Comperative Politics 44, no. 2 (2012): 127-149.
Bhaskar, Roy. A Realist Theory of Science. New York: Routledge, 2008.
Brynen, Rex, Korany, Bahgat and Paul Noble. “Introduction: Theoretical Perspectives on Arab Liberalization and Democratization.” In Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World. Vol.1: Theoretical Perspectives, edited by Rex Brynen, Bahgat, Korany and Paul Noble, 3-27. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995.
Burnell, Peter. “Arrivals and Departures: A Preliminary Classification of Democratic Failures and Their Explanation.” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 36, no. 3 (1998): 1-29.

Carothers, Thomas. “The End of the Transition Paradigm.” Journal of Democracy 13, no.1 (2002): 5-21.
Cavatorta, Francesco. “The Middle East and North Africa.” In Routledge Handbook of Democratization, edited by Jeffrey Haynes, 79-93. New York: Routledge, 2011.
Engelbrekt, Kjell and Charlotte Vagnsson. “Introduction.” In The NATO Intervention in Libya Lessons learned from the campaign, edited by Kjell Engelbrekt, Marcus Mohlin and Charlotte Vagnsson, 1-13. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Ehteshami, Anoushiravan, Raymond Hinnebusch, Heidi Huuhtanen, Paola Raunio, Maaike Warnaar and Tina Zintl. “Authoritarian Resilience and International Linkages in Iran and Syria.” In Middle East Authoritarianisms: Governance, Contestation and Regime Resilience in Syria and Iran, edited by Steven Heydemann and Reinoud Leenders, 222-242. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2012.
Esposito, Juan. L. and James P. Piscatori. “Democratization and Islam.” Middle East Journal 45, no. 3 (1991): 427-440.
Fraihat, Ibrahim. Unfinished Revolutions: Yemen, Libya, and Tunisia after the Arab Spring. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.
Hinnebusch, Raymond. “Authoritarian Persistence, Democratization Theory, and the Middle East: An Overview and Critique.” Democratization 13, no.3 (2006): 373-395.
Hinnebusch, Raymond. “Historical Sociology and the Arab Uprising.” Mediterranean Politics 19, no. 1 (2014a): 137-140.
Hinnebusch, Raymond. “Towards a Historical Sociology of the Arab Uprising: Beyond Democratization and Post-Democratization.” In Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring Rethinking Democratization, edited by Larbi Sadiki, 39-50. New York: Routledge, 2014b.
Hobden, Stephen. “Historical Sociology: Back to The Future of International Relations.” In Historical Sociology of International Relations, edited by Stephen Hobden and John M. Hobson, 42-59. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Hobson, John M. The State and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Hobson, John M. “What’s at stake in “Bringing Historical Sociology back into International Relations?” Transcending “chronofetishism” and “tempocentrism” in International Relations. In Historical Sociology of International Relations, edited by Stephen Hobden and John M. Hobson, 3-41. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Joffe, George. “The Arab Spring in North Africa: Origins and Prospects.” The Journal of North African Studies 16, no. 4 (2011): 507-532.
Kaddafi, Muammar. Green Book. No date, No Publisher.
Kavas, Ahmet. Senussiyye Tarikatı, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, 21, 2000.
Kurki, Milja and Colin Wight “International Relations and Social Science.” In International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, edited by Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki and Steve Smith, 14-35. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Lapidus, Ira M. A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Layachi, Azzedine. “Islam and Politics in North Africa.” In The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics, edited by John L. Esposito and Emad El-Din Shahin. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Mattes, Hanspeter. “Formal and Informal Authority in Libya since 1969.” In Libya since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited, edited by Dirk Vandewalle, 55-81. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2008.
McLean, Ian. “Democratization and Economic Liberalization: Which is the Chicken and Which is the Egg?.” Democratization 1, no. 1 (1994): 27-40.
Noueihed, Lin and Alex Warren. The Battle for the Arab Spring: Revolution, Counter-revolution and the Making of a New Era. London: Yale University Press, 2012.
Obeidi, Amal. S. M. “Political Elites in Libya since 1969”. In Libya since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited, edited by Dirk Vandewalle, 105126. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2008.
Owen, Roger. State, Power and Politics in the Making of Modern Middle East. London: Routledge, 2004.
Ritter, Daniel. P. The Iron Cage of Liberalism International Politics and Unarmed Revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Sadiki, Larbi. “Popular Uprisings and Arab Democratization.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no.1 (2000): 71-95.
Sadiki, Larbi. “Libya’s Arab Spring: The Long Road from Revolution to Democracy.” International Studies 49, no. 3&4 (2012): 285–314.
Saouli, Adham. “Back to the future: the Arab uprisings and State (Re)formation in the Arab World.” Democratization 22, no. 2 (2015): 315-334.
Schlumberger, Oliver. “The Arab Middle East and the Question of Democratization: Some Critical Remarks.” Democratization 7, no. 4 (2000): 104-132.
Schlumberger, Oliver. “Dancing with Wolves: Dilemmas of Democracy Promotion in Authoritarian Contexts.” In Democratization and Development, edited by Dietrich Jung, 33-60. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2006.
Schlumberger, Oliver. “Structural Reform, Economic Order, and Development: Patrimonial Capitalism.” Review of International Political Economy 15, no.4 (2008): 622-649.
Sela, Avraham. “The Vicissitudes of the Arab States System: From its Emergence to the Arab Spring.” India Quarterly 73, no. 2 (2017): 145–179.
Sorensen, Georg. Democracy and Democratization: Processes and Prospects in a Changing World. Third Edition. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2007.
St. John, Ronald. B. “The Libyan Economy in Transition Opportunities and Challenges.” In Libya since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited, edited by Dirk Vandewalle, 127-151. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2008.
St. John, Ronald. B. “Libya’s Authoritarian Tradition.” In Modern Middle East Authoritarianism Roots, Ramifications, and Crisis, edited by Noureddine Jebnoun Kia, M. and Kirk, M. 123-141. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Stepan, Alfred and Juan J. Linz. “Democratization Theory and the ‘Arab Spring’.” Journal of Democracy 24, no. 2 (2013): 15-30.
Talani, Leila. S. The Arab Spring in the Global Political Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
Taylor, William. C. Military Responses to the Arab Uprisings and the Future of Civil-Military Relations in the Middle East Analysis from Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, and Syria. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2014.
Tilly, Charles. Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Valbjorn, Morten. “Upgrading Post-democratization Studies: Examining a Re-politicized Arab World in a Transition to Somewhere.” Middle East Critique 21, no. 1 (2012): 25-35.
Valbjorn, Morten. “Three Ways of Revisiting the (post-) Democratization Debate After the Arab Uprisings.” Mediterranean Politics 19, no. 1 (2014): 157-160.
Valbjorn, Morten and Andre Bank. “Examining the ‘Post’ in Post- Democratization: The Future of Middle Eastern Political Rule through Lenses of the Past.” Middle East Critique 19, no. 3 (2010): 183-200.
Vandewalle, Dirk. (2008). “Libya’s Revolution in Perspective: 19692000.” In Libya since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited, edited by Dirk Vandewalle, 9-53. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2008.
Vandewalle, Dirk. A History of Modern Libya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Volpi, Frederic. “Explaining (and re-explaining) political change in the Middle East during the Arab Spring: trajectories of democratization and of authoritarianism in the Maghreb.” Democratization 20, no. 6 (2013): 969-990.
Von Grunebaum, G. E. İslamiyet, vol. III. Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi, 1993.
Wight, Colin. Agents, Structures and International Relations: Politics as Ontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Yergin, Daniel. Petrol. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1999.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Ali Bilgenoğlu ^*
0000-0002-9097-1737
Türkiye

Hikmet Mengüaslan
0000-0003-4836-5108
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2020

Gönderilme Tarihi

7 Ocak 2020

Kabul Tarihi

30 Mart 2020

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.654039

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA62PE76WU

APA

Bilgenoğlu, A., & Mengüaslan, H. (2020). A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 203-234. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.654039

AMA

1.Bilgenoğlu A, Mengüaslan H. A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2020;7(1):203-234. doi:10.26513/tocd.654039

Chicago

Bilgenoğlu, Ali, ve Hikmet Mengüaslan. 2020. “A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 7 (1): 203-34. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.654039.

EndNote

Bilgenoğlu A, Mengüaslan H (01 Haziran 2020) A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 7 1 203–234.

IEEE

[1]A. Bilgenoğlu ve H. Mengüaslan, “A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy”, Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 7, sy 1, ss. 203–234, Haz. 2020, doi: 10.26513/tocd.654039.

ISNAD

Bilgenoğlu, Ali - Mengüaslan, Hikmet. “A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi 7/1 (01 Haziran 2020): 203-234. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.654039.

JAMA

1.Bilgenoğlu A, Mengüaslan H. A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2020;7:203–234.

MLA

Bilgenoğlu, Ali, ve Hikmet Mengüaslan. “A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 7, sy 1, Haziran 2020, ss. 203-34, doi:10.26513/tocd.654039.

Vancouver

1.Ali Bilgenoğlu, Hikmet Mengüaslan. A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. 01 Haziran 2020;7(1):203-34. doi:10.26513/tocd.654039

Cited By

“(IL)Liberal Peace” As a Solution? Rethinking Pitfalls in Post-Gaddafi Libya’s Sociopolitical Transformation

Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review)

https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.20250406

TOÇD'nde yayınlanan makaleler Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy

A Historical Sociology Perspective on the Legacy of State Formation and Dynamics of Arab Revolts in Libya: From Elusive Authority of Qadhafi to Masses Craving for Democracy

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Libya’da Arap İsyanlarnın Dinamikleri ve Devlet Oluşumu Mirasına Tarihsel Sosyolojik Bir Bakış: Kaddafi’nin Güvenilmez Otoritesinden Demokrasi Arayan Kitlelere

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster

Cited By

“(IL)Liberal Peace” As a Solution? Rethinking Pitfalls in Post-Gaddafi Libya’s Sociopolitical Transformation