ÇOKLU DUYUSAL ÜRÜN TASARIMINDA FİKİR GELİŞTİRME İÇİN SİNESTETİK DÜŞÜNME

Yıl 2024, , 232 - 241, 28.12.2023

Sevi Merter

https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1369357

Öz

Bu çalışma, sinestezinin tasarım sürecinde ilham ve/veya yöntem olarak kullanımını tartışan çalışmalara dair sistematik bir literatür taraması sunmaktadır. Çalışmada, sinestetik düşünmenin çoklu duyusal ürün tasarımında bir fikir geliştirme yöntemi olarak potansiyeli değerlendirilmiş ve sinestezinin ürün tasarımı alanındaki uygulamaları ile ilgilenen tasarımcılara ve araştırmacılara bir içgörü sunulması amaçlanmıştır. İncelenen 21 akademik yayının tematik analizi sonucunda, (1) duyusal bağlantıların tasarım sürecinin fikir geliştirme aşamasında kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesi ve stratejik bir şekilde kullanımı, (2) tasarım sürecinde sinestetik deneyimlere dayalı geleneksel olmayan yöntemlerin kullanımı ve (3) tasarım sürecinde disiplinler arası iş birliği ve kullanıcı geri bildirimleri ile sinestetik düşünmenin aktive edilmesini ifade eden üç tema elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, algısal, metaforik ve temsili yönleriyle sinestezinin, tasarım sürecinin özellikle fikir geliştirme aşamasında güçlü bir yöntem olma niteliği taşıdığını işaret eder. Sinestetik düşünme yöntemi ile estetik, işlevsel, duyusal, duygusal vb. ürün özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, tasarım fikrinin somutlaşması vb. konusunda duyu odaklı ve insan odaklı bir yaklaşım ile, kullanıcıların duyusal, davranışsal ve duygusal deneyimlerinin zenginleştirilmesi mümkündür. Sinestetik düşünme, farklı duyusal modaliteler arasındaki ilişkiler, metaforik bağlantılar, duyusal kombinasyonlar ile duyguların eşleştirilmesi, olağan/olağandışı duyusal etkileşimler vb. ile yeni ürün özellikleri ve kullanıcı deneyimlerine ilham olabilecek duyusal bağlantılar sunar. Aynı zamanda, sinestetik deneyim ve unsurların hedeflenen ürün-kullanıcı etkileşimi ve deneyimi ile ilişkisini keşfetmeye yardımcı olacak senaryolar geliştirilmesini sağlar. Bu bağlamda, ürün tasarımı süreçlerinde sinestetik yaklaşımın benimsenmesi, hem tasarımcılara geleneksel tasarım yöntemlerinin ötesine geçen daha yaratıcı, sistematik yöntemler sunar hem de kullanıcıların duyusal algı sistemlerini harekete geçiren daha özgün ve yenilikçi ürünlerin tasarlanmasına olanak tanır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sinestezi, Sinestetik Düşünme, Fikir Geliştirme, Çoklu Duyusal Ürünler, Ürün Tasarımı

SYNESTHETIC THINKING FOR IDEATION IN MULTISENSORY PRODUCT DESIGN

Öz

This study presents a systematic literature review of studies discussing the use of synesthesia as inspiration and/or method in the design process. In this study, the potential of synesthetic thinking as a method of ideation in multisensory product design has been examined, aiming to provide insights to designers and researchers interested in the applications of synesthesia in product design. As a result of the thematic analysis of the 21 academic publications that have been analyzed, three themes were obtained: (1) the comprehensive examination and strategic use of sensory connections in the ideation phase of the design process, (2) the use of non-traditional methods based on synesthetic experiences in the design process, and (3) activating synesthetic thinking through interdisciplinary collaboration and user feedback in the design process. The findings indicate that synesthesia, with its perceptual, metaphorical and representational aspects, is a powerful method, especially in the ideation phase of the design process. With the synesthetic thinking method, it is possible to determine aesthetic, functional, sensory, emotional, and other product features, to materialize design concepts, etc. with a sensory-focused and user-centered approach. Synesthetic thinking offers sensory connections that can inspire new product features and user experiences through different sensory modalities, metaphorical connections, pairing of sensory combinations and emotions, ordinary/extraordinary sensory interactions etc. It also enables the development of scenarios to help explore the relationship between targeted product-user interaction and experience with synesthetic experiences and elements. Within this context, adopting a synesthetic approach in product design processes not only offers designers more creative and systematic methods that go beyond traditional design approaches but also enables the design of more original and innovative products that stimulate users' sensory perception systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Synesthesia, Synestethic Thinking, Ideation, Multisensory Products, Product Design

Kaynakça

• Bor, D., Rother, N., Schwartzman, D. J., Clayton, S. & Seth, A. K. (2014). Adults Can be Trained to Acquire Synesthetic Experiences. Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, 7089.
• Colizoli, O., Murre, J. M. J. & Rouw, R. (2012). Pseudo-Synesthesia Through Reading Books with Colored Letters. PLOS ONE, Vol. 7, No.6, e39799.
• Cross N., Christiaans H. & Dorst K. (1996). Analysing Design Activity. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Cytowic, R. E. (1993). The Man Who Tasted Shapes: A Bizarre Medical Mystery Offers Revolutionary Insights into Emotions, Reasoning, and Consciousness. Putnam.
• Cytowic, R. E. (2002). Synesthesia: A Union of the Senses. 2. baskı. MIT Press.
• Cytowic, R. E. & Eagleman, D. M. (2009). Wednesday is Indigo Blue: Discovering the Brain of Synesthesia. MIT Press.
• Gayler, T., Sas, C. & Kalnikaite, V. (2021). Sensory Probes: An Exploratory Design Research Method for Human-Food Interaction. DIS '21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 666-682.
• Gui, S. & Ding, X. (2021). Packaging Design of Children’s Toys Based on Synesthesia, ed. Markopoulos, E., Goonetilleke, R. S., Ho, A. G. ve Luximon, Y., Advances in Creativity, Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Communication of Design Proceedings of the AHFE 2021 Virtual Conferences on Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, and Human Factors in Communication of Design, Springer, s: 244-250.
• Harrison, J. E. & Baron-Cohen, S. (1996). Synaesthesia: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Blackwell Publishing.
• Haverkamp, M. (2010). Synesthetic Approach for Evaluation of the Cross-Sensory Quality of Multi-Media Applications. Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), s: 136-141.
• Haverkamp, M. (2015). Can Synesthetic Perception Help to Define Attractive Product Design?. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Synaesthesia, Science and Arts, s: 297-305.
• Heyrman, H. (2005). Art and Synesthesia: In Search of the Synesthetic Experience, https://www.doctorhugo.org/synaesthesia/art/.
• Harrison, J. (2001). Synaesthesia: The Strangest Thing. Oxford University Press.
• Krippendorff, K. (1989). On the Essential Contexts of Artifacts or on the Proposition That "Design is Making Sense (of Things). Design Issues, Vol. 5, No.2, 9-39.
• Kwon, J. & Iedema, A. (2022). Body and the Senses in Spatial Experience: The Implications of Kinesthetic and Synesthetic Perceptions for Design Thinking. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol.13, 864009.
• Lee, C. H. (2018). Approaches to Applying Synaesthesia as a Provocation for Generating Creative Ideas Within the Context of Design. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Royal College of Art.
• Lee, C. H., Lockton, D., Stevens, J., Wang, S. J. & A., S. (2019). Synaesthetic-Translation Tool: Synaesthesia as an Interactive Material for Ideation. CHI EA '19: Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, s: 1-6.
• Liu, B. & Cheng, H. (2022). The Application of Synesthesia Design Thinking in Packaging Design. Journal of Research in Science and Engineering (JRSE), Vol. 4, No. 6, 110-113.
• Merter, S. (2017). Synesthetic Approach in the Design Process for Enhanced Creativity and Multisensory Experiences. The Design Journal, Vol. 29, sup1, S4519-S4528.
• Paktin, S. & Patır, H. (2018, 12 Aralık). Çoklu Duyusal Deneyim: İnsan Hissettiklerini Asla Unutmaz, https://gastereamag.com/coklu-duyusal-deneyim-insan-hissettiklerini-asla-unutmaz/.
• Phillips, F. D. (2008). Illuminating Music: A Research and Product Design Study Applying Synesthesia and Ambient Peripheral Display Theory to the Violin. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Auburn Üniversitesi.
• Riccò, D., Belluscio, A. & Guerini, S. (2003). Design for the Synesthesia: Audio, Visual and Haptic Correspondences Experimentation. Proceeding of the 1th International Meeting of Science and Technology of Design, s: 3-12.
• Rogowska, A. (2011). Categorization of Synaesthesia. Review of General Psychology, Vol. 15, No. 3, 213-227.
• RuiKun, Y., Abidin, S. & Vermol, V. (2023). Analysis of The Application of Synaesthesia Concept in Modern Product Design. Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED23), s: 565-572.
• Seargeant Richardson, L. (2010, 19 Şubat). Synesign – The Intersection of Synaesthesia & Design, https://www.slideshare.net/laurasgt/synesign-the-intersection-of-synaesthesia-design.
• Smith, R.W. & Keller, K. L. (2021). If All Their Products Seem the Same, All the Parts Within A Product Seem the Same Too: How Brand Homogeneity Polarizes Product Experiences. International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 38, No. 3, 698-714.
• Spence, C. (2020a). Senses of Place: Architectural Design for the Multisensory Mind. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, Vol. 5, 46.
• Spence, C. (2020b). Olfactory-Colour Crossmodal Correspondences in Art, Science, and Design. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, Vol. 5, 52.
• Spence, C. & Levitan, C. A. (2021). Explaining Crossmodal Correspondences Between Colours and Tastes. I-Perception, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1-28.
• Şimşek, O., Balkan, S. A. & Koca, A. (2022). The Concept of Synesthesia (Multisensory Perception) in Spatial Experience and Investigation of Its Change with Technology. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, Vol. 7, Özel Sayı, 40-59.
• Tao Ying. (2019). Research on Product Design Based on Synaesthesia and Image Communication. Jiangsu University.
• Thompson-Koch, L. (2020). Synesthesia for Universal Design: An Exploratory Thesis on Synesthesia as a Potential Method for Universal Design. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Baltimore Üniversitesi.
• Wang, Y. Zhang, F., Tao, L., Li, B. & Ying F. (2012). Research of Interactive Product Design Method Based on Synesthesia Materialization. 2012 International Conference on Network and Computational Intelligence (ICNCI 2012). Vol. 46, 70-75.
• Wang, Y., Li, Z., Jarvis, R. S., Delfa, J. L., Khot, R. A. & Mueller, F. F. (2020). WeScream!: Toward Understanding the Design of Playful Social Gustosonic Experiences with Ice Cream. DIS '20: Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, s: 951-963.
• Warell, A. (2008). Modelling Perceptual Product Experience – Towards A Cohesive Framework of Presentation and Representation in Design. Proceedings of the 6th Design & Emotion Conference.
• Zhang, G., Pan, Z. & Cheng, J. (2013). Research on the Application of Synaesthesia Rhetoric in Product Design. Packaging Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 18, 25-28.
• Zhong, M., He, R., Zhao, D. & Wang W. (2021). Experience Design of Interactive Devices Based on Synaesthesia Transformation Theory. Packaging Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 4, 109-114.
• Zongliang, B., Guand, F. & Ping, W. (2020). Elderly-Oriented Design of User Interface of Agedness Internet Products Based on Synesthesia Thinking. WSSE '20: Proceedings of the 2nd World Symposium on Software Engineering, s: 51-54.